JavaScript - Performance

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JavaScript is very important in every website today. If JavaScript fails, our website wouldn't work properly. It is important to focus on the performance on JavaScript as it has impacts on delivering a positive user experience, retaining engagement, and ensuring business success. An optimized JavaScript would ensure the pages load faster and responsive interactions contribute to users satisfaction and hence higher conversion rates as well as higher search engine rankings (as the SEO would be better).

In a competitive digital landscape, optimized JavaScript code not only attracts and retains users but also enhances resource efficiency, reducing server costs and providing a competitive advantage. With the increasing prevalence of mobile devices and the emphasis on Progressive Web Apps, performance optimization is not only a user expectation but a strategic necessity for businesses aiming to stand out and thrive in the online space.

Optimizing DOM Manipulation

DOM manipulation is where each element is represented as a node in the tree and accessed or modified via their ids, class names etc. These DOM manipulation operations should be minimized as much as possible and would have a significant impact on the speed of our application. Let us consider the below example where we are dynamically creating a list of 1000 items.

Example

Naive Code

Optimized Code

Asynchronous Operations with Promises

To prevent the main thread from blocking, we must prioritize asynchronous programming. Consider this example: data retrieval from an API using Promises; in such instances, a Promise proves indispensable for managing asynchronous data fetching. Preventing the UI from freezing during operation; enhancing the overall user experience: these are the benefits.

Example

   
Asynchronous Operations with Promises
   

   

Deferred JavaScript Loading

JavaScript is normally loaded when the page is opened, however by delaying the loading of JavaScript we can optimize page load performance especially when dealing with non-essential scripts. When browsers come across the

Another option to the above code is to use the async attribute. While similar to defer, async loads the script asynchronously, but it doesn't guarantee the order of execution. The script that finishes loading first will be executed first.

Avoiding Global Variables

Global variables are those which are visible throughout the code, or have a big scope. It is import to understand if our code actually requires the scope of variables to be global or can it be managed efficiently by code encapsulation. The below examples demonstrates the usage of encapsulation to avoid global variables hence leading to better performance of the script.

Example

   
Avoiding Global Variables
   

   

While we have discussed performance optimization in this tutorial from a JavaScript point of view, it is important to note that certain optimizations remain constant irrespective of the language. This includes scenarios like using switch case instead of length if else if, memory management, concurrency, etc.

The performance optimization of JavaScript has impacts across industries & applications. In ecommerce, a high speed page load has proven to enhance user engagement and boost conversation rates, while in social media JavaScript has helped in providing seamless interactions. News and media related websites benefit as the content gets updated quickly and only learning platforms (edtech industry) requires JavaScript for interactive educational components.

On the other hand, financial applications, collaboration tools, gaming websites, and healthcare apps all demand optimized JavaScript to ensure their interfaces are responsive and process data in a timely manner.