Protecting Microservices APIs with 42Crunch API Firewall
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In loosely coupled architectures, we must put in place application level security, should it be for client traffic (North-South) or intra-microservices traffic (East-West). In this webinar, we show you how the 42Crunch API firewall can be used to put API threat protection in place automatically, as early as design time. We’ll use a mix of slides and demos to present: (1) The various elements of security to consider in order to cover the full API security scope (infrastructure vs application level security) (2) Which threat protections must be put in place in a microservices architecture, and where (3) How to leverage OpenAPI (aka Swagger) to configure threat protection from design time (4) How to automate threat protection deployment
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Protecting Microservices APIs with 42Crunch API Firewall
- 1. THREATS PROTECTION IN A DISTRIBUTED WORLD Using 42Crunch API Firewall on Kubernetes ISABELLE MAUNY - Field CTO ([email protected])
- 2. LOOSELY COUPLED ARCHITECTURE 2 App icon made by https://www.flaticon.com/authors/pixel-buddha Microservice B Microservice A Front Process/Controller Data North South North South East West API API API API API
- 3. HOW DO WE SECURE APIS?
- 4. LAYERED APPROACH TO SECURITY 4 Hypervisor, images (VM/Docker) Intra-services communication (auth, azn, TLS) App level security (libs, code, data) OS / Network / Physical Access
- 5. COMMUNICATION LAYER SECURITY 5 Microservice B Microservice A Front Process/Controller Data North South North South East West API API API API API
- 6. WHAT DO WE ENFORCE AT COMMUNICATION LEVEL ? Can service A talk to service B ? ✓ Authentication (is this Service A?) ✓ Authorization (is it authorized to invoke Service B?) Where is service B ? ✓ Service registry Is the communication secure? ✓ Use TLS across the board Can any service B be abused via large number of calls from Service A? ✓ Traffic management Protection from cascading failures ✓ If Service B is stalled, how does the rest of the system reacts ? If somebody can inject a rogue service in our infra, will this service be able to invoke other services? 6
- 7. API GW Service Mesh Proxy Service Mesh Proxy Service Mesh Proxy Service Mesh Proxy Service Mesh Proxy COMMUNICATION LAYER SECURITY 7 Microservice B Front Process/Controller Data API API Microservice A API API API
- 8. CRITICAL THINGS TO REMEMBER Respect separation of concerns ✓ A Service Mesh is only concerned with infrastructure security ! ✓ A mesh does not know about the data flowing through ✓ A service does not know about the infrastructure setup Think of an API Gateway as a pattern, not a product ! API Gateway is defined as a layer which can: ✓ Expose APIs to consumers (business APIs) ✓ Compose microservices into one or multiple macro-services ✓ Enforce communication level security as described before 8
- 9. SO NOW… Where do we validate that the data we are receiving is what we expect ? How do we ensure that we don’t leak data or exceptions? Where do we validate that our app tokens are the ones we expect ? Where do we authenticate/authorize access to our business services? ✓ Can Isabelle view a resource with ID 123456 ? 9 WE NEED APP LEVEL SECURITY
- 10. APPLICATION LEVEL SECURITY API Threat Protection API Access Control API/Identity managementAPI Firewall ➡ Content validation ➡ Token validation ➡ Traffic management ➡ Payload security (encrypt/ sign) ➡ Threat detection ➡ Access tokens management ➡ Authentication ➡ Authorization ➡ Identity management
- 11. API GW Service Mesh Proxy Service Mesh Proxy Service Mesh Proxy Service Mesh Proxy Service Mesh Proxy COMMUNICATION LAYER + APP LAYER SECURITY 11 Microservice B Front Process/Controller Data API API Microservice A API API API
- 13. 13 GUIDING PRINCIPLE: ZERO TRUST ARCHITECTURE 1
- 14. 14 GUIDING PRINCIPLE: ALL APIS ARE OPEN APIS 2 “Dance like no one is watching, encrypt like everyone is!” Werner Vogels, Amazon CTO
- 15. 15 GUIDING PRINCIPLE: SECURITY IS ADAPTED FROM RISK 3
- 16. WHAT IS SPECIAL ABOUT API THREAT PROTECTION?
- 17. API-BASED APPLICATIONS HAVE DIFFERENT VULNERABILITIES API1 : Broken Object Level Access Control API2 : Broken Authentication API3 : Excessive Data Exposure API4 : Lack of Resources & Rate Limiting API5 : Missing Function/Resource Level Access Control API6 : Mass Assignment API7 : Security Misconfiguration API8 : Injection API9 : Improper Assets Management API10 : Insufficient Logging & Monitoring 17 DOWNLOAD
- 18. DEMO DEPLOYMENT SETUP 18 pixisecured pixiapp 42crunch Configuration firewall-props protection-token guardian-certs docker-credentials apifirewall 42 Crunch Platform pixiapp pixiapp pixidb
- 19. EQUIFAX AND MANY MORE (2017) The Attack ✓ Remote command injection attack: server executes commands written in ONGL language when a Content-Type validation error is raised. ✓ Example: ✓ The Breach ✓ One of the most important in history: 147 millions people worldwide, very sensitive data ✓ Equifax got fined $700 million in Sept 2019 Core Issue ✓ Unpatched Apache Struts library, with remote command injection vulnerability, widely exploited during months. 19 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A10 A9 A8 A7 A1 https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/03/apache-0-day-exploited.html
- 20. UBER (SEPT 2019) The Attack ✓ Account takeover for any Uber account from a phone number The Breach ✓ None. This was a bug bounty. Core Issues ✓ First Data leakage : driver internal UUID exposed through error message! ✓ Second Data leakage via the getConsentScreenDetails operation: full account information is returned, when only a few fields are used by the UI. This includes the mobile token used to login onto the account 20 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A10 A9 A8 A7 A1 https://appsecure.security/blog/how-i-could-have-hacked-your-uber-account
- 21. HARBOUR REGISTRY (SEPT 2019) The Attack ✓ Privilege escalation: become registry administrator The Breach ✓ Potentially 1300+ registries with default security settings Core Issue ✓ Mass Assignment vulnerability allows any normal user to become an admin POST /api/users {“username”:”test”,”email”:”[email protected]”,”realname”:” noname”,”password”:”Password1u0021″,”comment”:null, “has_admin_role” = True} 21 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A10 A9 A8 A7 A1 https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/critical-vulnerability-in-harbor-enables-privilege-escalation-from-zero-to-admin-cve-2019-16097/
- 22. FACEBOOK (FEB 2018) The Attack ✓ Account takeover via password reset at https://www.facebook.com/login/identify? ctx=recover&lwv=110. ✓ facebook.com has rate limiting, beta.facebook.com does not! The Breach ✓ None. This was a bug bounty. Core Issues ✓ Rate limiting missing on beta APIs, which allows brute force guessing on password reset code ✓ Misconfigured security on beta endpoints 22 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A10 A9 A8 A7 A1 https://appsecure.security/blog/we-figured-out-a-way-to-hack-any-of-facebook-s-2-billion-accounts-and-they-paid-us-a-15-000-bounty-for-it
- 23. PROTECTING APIS AGAINST THREATS REQUIRES A NEW APPROACH!
- 24. © COPYRIGHT 42CRUNCH | CONFIDENTIAL OPENAPI INITIATIVE OpenAPI Specification (formerly Swagger Specification) is an API description format for REST APIs. An OpenAPI file allows you to describe your entire API, including: Available endpoints ( /users ) and operations on each endpoint ( GET /users , POST /users ) • Web Application Security is painful because the security is not handled from beginning • Developers cannot define how the web application is built and designed • After 20 years of R&D, detection and protection tools have to use AI to understand how the Web Application works... => Now we have a worldwide accepted and used API standard: OpenAPI Specification => We build a whitelist based on OAS POSITIVE SECURITY MODEL FOR APIS
- 25. © COPYRIGHT 42CRUNCH | CONFIDENTIAL API DEVSECOPS: SHIFT- LEFT AND AUTOMATE API security becomes fully part of the API lifecycle Key Benefits • Security can now be applied automatically and at scale • Vulnerable APIs are detected early • APIs are automatically protected as soon as the contract is defined
- 26. © COPYRIGHT 42CRUNCH | CONFIDENTIAL ZERO-TRUST ARCHITECTURE FOR MICROSERVICES Low footprint, ultra-low latency runtime that can be deployed in Kubernetes API micro-firewall can be deployed as: • Sidecar proxy for defense in depth • Reverse proxy (Gateway) for edge protection Key Benefits • Enables zero trust architecture: microservices must not trust the environment • Platform agnostic: any cloud, hybrid or on-premises • Deployment agnostic: monolithic, microservices, and service-mesh • Supports multi-cloud, multi-geo zone deployments
- 27. © COPYRIGHT 42CRUNCH | CONFIDENTIAL RESOURCES • 42Crunch Website • Free OAS Security Audit • OpenAPI VS Code Extension • OpenAPI Spec Encyclopedia • OWASP API Security Top 10 • APIsecurity.io • Security Strategies for Microservices Apps • API Security Pentesting