Java Version(v5 -v23) Features with sample code snippet
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Java Version(v5 -v23) Features In this document you can find the important features of Java versions from 5 to 23(latest). In this document you can find the features with sample code example.
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Java Version(v5 -v23) Features with sample code snippet
- 1. Mohammed Fazuluddin | Technical Architect Java Version(v5 -v23) Features
- 2. Feature Short Description Example Code Snippet
Generics
Enables type safety in collections and eliminates type
casting.
List
list = new ArrayList<>(); list.add("Hello"); String s = list.get(0); Enhanced for Loop Simplifies iteration over collections or arrays. for (String s : list) { System.out.println(s); } Autoboxing/Unboxing Automatic conversion between primitives and wrapper classes. Integer num = 10; int n = num; Enums Type-safe constants using enumeration types. enum Day { MONDAY, TUESDAY; } Day today = Day.MONDAY; Varargs Enables methods to accept variable numbers of arguments. void printArgs(String... args) { for (String s : args) { System.out.println(s); } } - 3. Feature Short Description Example Code Snippet Scripting API Integration with scripting languages like JavaScript. ScriptEngine engine = new ScriptEngineManager().getEngineByName("JavaScript"); engine.eval("print('Hello World');"); Pluggable Annotation API Allows processing custom annotations at compile-time. @interface CustomAnnotation { String value(); }
- 4. Version-7
Feature Short Description Example Code Snippet
Try-with-resources
Simplifies resource management by auto-closing
resources.
try (BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new
FileReader("file.txt"))) { System.out.println(br.readLine()); }
Switch with Strings Adds support for string-based switch statements. switch (value) { case "A": System.out.println("A"); break; }
Diamond Operator Reduces boilerplate code when instantiating generics. List
list = new ArrayList<>(); NIO.2 Enhances file handling, including the Path API. Path path = Paths.get("file.txt"); Files.readAllLines(path); - 5. Version-8
Feature Short Description Example Code Snippet
Lambda Expressions Adds functional-style programming to Java. list.forEach(item -> System.out.println(item));
Stream API Simplifies processing collections in a functional style. list.stream().filter(s -> s.startsWith("A")).forEach(System.out::println);
Default Methods Enables interface methods with default implementations.
interface MyInterface { default void show() {
System.out.println("Default method"); } }
Date-Time API Introduces a new and improved date-time library. LocalDate date = LocalDate.now();
Optional Avoids NullPointerException by wrapping nullable values.
Optional
opt = Optional.ofNullable(value); opt.ifPresent(System.out::println); - 6. Version-9 Feature Short Description Example Code Snippet Module System Adds modularity for better code organization. module com.example { requires java.base; } JShell Interactive REPL for Java code execution. jshell> System.out.println("Hello, World!"); Improved Stream API Adds methods like takeWhile, dropWhile, and iterate. Stream.of(1, 2, 3).takeWhile(x -> x < 3).forEach(System.out::println);
- 7. Version-10
Feature Short Description Example Code Snippet
Local Variable Type Inference Introduces var for inferred variable types. var list = new ArrayList
(); - 8. Version-11
Feature Short Description Example Code Snippet
HTTP Client API Simplifies making HTTP requests.
HttpClient client = HttpClient.newHttpClient(); HttpResponse
response = client.send(request, BodyHandlers.ofString()); String Methods Adds useful string operations like isBlank, lines, and strip. "Hello ".strip(); Running Single File Programs Simplifies running small Java programs without compilation. java HelloWorld.java - 9. Version-12 Feature Short Description Example Code Snippet Switch Expressions (Preview) Simplifies switch statements by making them expressions. String result = switch (day) { case MONDAY -> "Start"; default -> "End"; }; Compact Number Formatting Formats numbers compactly. NumberFormat nf = NumberFormat.getCompactNumberInstance(Locale.US, Style.SHORT); nf.format(1000);
- 10. Version-13 Feature Short Description Example Code Snippet Text Blocks (Preview) Simplifies multiline string literals. String json = """ { "key": "value" } """;
- 11. Version-14 Feature Short Description Example Code Snippet Record Classes (Preview) Introduces concise classes for immutable data. record Point(int x, int y) { } Helpful NullPointerExceptions Provides detailed error messages for null pointer exceptions. obj.method(); with NullPointerException showing context.
- 12. Version-15 Feature Short Description Example Code Snippet Sealed Classes (Preview) Restricts which classes can extend or implement a class/interface. sealed class Shape permits Circle, Rectangle { }
- 13. Version-16 Feature Short Description Example Code Snippet Records (Finalized) Simplified immutable data carriers finalized from preview. record Point(int x, int y) { } Pattern Matching (Preview) Simplifies type checks in instanceof. if (obj instanceof String s) { System.out.println(s); }
- 14. Version-17 Feature Short Description Example Code Snippet Sealed Classes (Finalized) Finalizes sealed classes. sealed class Shape permits Circle, Rectangle { } Pattern Matching for Switch Adds pattern matching in switch statements. switch (obj) { case String s -> System.out.println(s); }
- 15. Version-19 Feature Short Description Example Code Snippet Virtual Threads (Preview) Lightweight threads for better concurrency. Thread.startVirtualThread(() -> System.out.println("Hello")); Structured Concurrency Simplifies multithreaded programming with a structured approach. try (var scope = new StructuredTaskScope.ShutdownOnFailure()) { }
- 16. Version-20 Feature Short Description Example Code Snippet Scoped Values (Preview) Provides a way to safely share data between threads. ScopedValue.newValue();
- 17. Version-21 Feature Short Description Example Code Snippet Generational ZGC Improves performance of the low-latency garbage collector. Internally optimized, no user code changes. String Templates Allows embedding expressions in strings. String result = STR."Value: #{value}";
- 18. Version-23 Feature Short Description Example Code Snippet Future Features (Speculated) Continued enhancements in performance, native support, and new programming paradigms. To be announced.