Cross Site Scripting - Web Defacement Techniques
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Website defacement involves changing the visual appearance of a website or webpage by exploiting a vulnerability. The document discusses testing website defacement by capturing requests using ZAP proxy and replacing content with malicious code to bypass client-side protections. It then provides examples of defacement techniques like redirecting to hacked images, adding hacked images, covering the page with hacked text, and changing the background. Finally, it recommends server-side input filtering, output escaping, and enforcing a character encoding to prevent defacement attacks.
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Qr codesRonan Dunne, CEH, SSCP QR codes can contain various types of information like URLs, text, and videos. While they are commonly used for marketing, QR codes also pose security risks. Attackers have exploited QR codes to distribute malware by embedding malicious links in codes. Scanning unknown QR codes risks redirecting users to websites containing malware. Security experts warn that QR code scanning traffic and associated attacks have increased significantly in recent years. Users should exercise caution when scanning codes from unknown sources and consider using QR scanning apps with URL preview and blacklist filtering capabilities to help avoid malicious redirects.
Click jacking
Click jackingRonan Dunne, CEH, SSCP Clickjacking is an attack where a user is tricked into clicking on obscured elements on a website. Attackers can embed a target site in an invisible iframe to trick users into performing actions like posting messages without their consent. Adding the X-Frame-Options header is an effective defense, but many older browsers and sites remain vulnerable. Clickjacking remains a risk because client-side defenses can be bypassed and many sites have not implemented the server-side X-Frame-Options header.
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