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@SteveALee @lseeman I'm not sure what to do with this? I see the PR but it looks like there was a decision to not add some content? Is that right? Going thru the commits on guidelines/index.html - I don't see the suggested change and think this may be difficult for the group to review. If there is something I'm missing please let me know. |
@joshueoconner it's all become a mess. Lisa asked me to add ALL content in issue, Andrew asked me to remove, git asked me to merge it back as I had pushed. Somehow the process is muddled. I'll rip it out and start again. But won't be till next week |
@SteveALee Apologies - but I did chuckle - and feel your pain. Yes, for working group review what we would like is the clear draft SC, in place in guidelines/index.html with a PR. |
sorry steve!! |
@lseeman No problem |
@joshueoconnor it's just the 2 commits now so easier to read. |
guidelines/index.html
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any sequence where words and paragraphs are presented in an order that does not change the meaning of the content |
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controls amd features that are required to complete the main role or tasks of the user interface. |
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"controls amd features" > "controls and features"
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@patrickhlauke Thank you!
This feedback is from @jspellman @patrickhlauke @stevefaulkner @IanPouncey and @LJWatson We've tried to look at this SC from the point of view of authors and testers. This SC identifies an important set of user needs, and we hope that our comments will help create SCs that meet those needs, by being as usable as possible for both authors and testers. This SC seems to cover two basic user needs:
We think it would be easier for this SC to focus on the first user need, and for the second user need to be recommended as best practice instead. Partly because the two needs are different, but also because we think one is more difficult to construct into a practical SC.
Suggested SC title: Accentuate critical controls It should be possible for someone to identify a critical control, as opposed to any other type of control in the same document. We wonder whether we can borrow from the Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines (ATAG) for this? ATAG includes this: "B.4.1.4 Feature Prominence: All accessible content support features are at least as prominent as features related to either invalid markup, syntax errors, spelling errors or grammar errors." An accessible content support feature is something like a field for adding an alternative text to an image. ATAG requires that it has the same prominence as other critical features. In other words, it is given greater prominence than non-critical features. The ATAG definition for "prominence" is this: "prominence: A heuristic measure of how likely authors are to notice a user interface component in a user interface that they are operating. Prominence is affected by numerous factors, including: the number of navigation steps required, the reading order position, visual properties (e.g. size, spacing, color), and even the modality of use (e.g. mouse vs. keyboard use)." We think that if this SC was focused on this single requirement, it would be possible for authors to implement, and practical for testers to assess, whilst addressing a clear user need.
This is the part we think might be better as best practice. The current SC proposal requires that critical controls are presented "above the fold". This phrase comes from the newspaper industry, and it refers to content that would be visible even when the paper was folded up on a newstand. The fold was a popular term on the web until about 10 years ago when it became almost impossible to determine exactly where the fold might be. A piece of 2015 research by Luke Wroblewski shows just how many variations there are. With apologies, the data in that article is in an image. It might be argued that a common set of screen sizes could be identified for testing, but this would be impossible to do in a maintainable way. For example, there are currently five resolutions of iOS devices available, each with two screen orientations. Let's say there are another 10 standard sizes of Android device, also with two screen orientations, and you already have 30 common screen sizes to test. When you include desktops (with average screen sizes from 21" to 27"), laptops (with average screen sizes from 12" to 17"), and then recall that the browser window can be resized on both desktops and laptops, it's become an impossible task. Even if it were possible to reduce the list of common screen sizes to something more manageable, it would be necessary to revise and update the list every few months. The mobile space regularly produces new screen sizes, wearable devices are growing in popularity, and desktop monitors continue to increase in size (with 34" monitors now on the market) for example. So we're struggling to understand how authors could meet this SC, and how testers would be able to verify that it had been successfully met. Sites that meet the requirements at the time they were developed could fail 6 months later if the list of common screen sizes was revised. If we've missed something, please help us understand how we as authors and testers can really use this part of the current SC? |
Léonie
Thank you for a very clear and well thought out critique.
I agree the 2 parts are entwined in the SC as it stands, though in
reality it might be argued you need to find them in order to be able
identify them. :)
So we are agreed to part 1. Good.
The issue seems to be mainly with the terminology of the "fold"! I
agree it is not really helpful visually and I assume not at all for
screen reader access which is predominately serial anyway.
It occurs to me that the intention might be that critical controls
should be "reachable" without scrolling. But I guess that really boils
down to much the same thing. The issue I see with needing to scroll is
that functionality can be hidden. It seems to be a common practice to
assume the user is aware that vertical scrolling is a common UI
pattern. No doubt many users of small format devices are familiar with
that, but what of people only used to desktops? Keyboard and tab users
will find them, but pointer and touch (speech) users need to scroll to
get to them which is a separate and distinct action.
Perhaps we should be saying that the presence of any visually hidden
and critical controls is clearly signposted?
Couldn't that be tested and so included in the SC - assuming
"Critical" is testable.
thanks again for great input.
Steve Lee
OpenDirective http://opendirective.com
…On 14 February 2017 at 17:23, Léonie Watson ***@***.***> wrote:
This feedback is from @jspellman @patrickhlauke @stevefaulkner @IanPouncey
and @LJWatson
We've tried to look at this SC from the point of view of authors and
testers. This SC identifies an important set of user needs, and we hope that
our comments
will help create SCs that meet those needs, by being as usable as possible
for both authors and testers.
This SC seems to cover two basic user needs:
People must be able to identify critical controls
People must be able to find critical controls
We think it would be easier for this SC to focus on the first user need, and
for the second user need to be recommended as best practice instead. Partly
because the two needs are different, but also because we think one is more
difficult to construct into a practical SC.
People must be able to identify critical controls
Suggested SC title: Accentuate critical controls
It should be possible for someone to identify a critical control, as opposed
to any other type of control in the same document. We wonder whether we can
borrow from the Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines (ATAG) for this?
ATAG includes this:
"B.4.1.4 Feature Prominence: All accessible content support features are at
least as prominent as features related to either invalid markup, syntax
errors,
spelling errors or grammar errors."
An accessible content support feature is something like a field for adding
an alternative text to an image. ATAG requires that it has the same
prominence as other critical features. In other words, it is given greater
prominence than non-critical features.
The ATAG definition for "prominence" is this:
"prominence: A heuristic measure of how likely authors are to notice a user
interface component in a user interface that they are operating. Prominence
is affected by numerous factors, including: the number of navigation steps
required, the reading order position, visual properties (e.g. size, spacing,
color), and even the modality of use (e.g. mouse vs. keyboard use)."
We think that if this SC was focused on this single requirement, it would be
possible for authors to implement, and practical for testers to assess,
whilst addressing a clear user need.
People must be able to find critical controls
This is the part we think might be better as best practice. The current SC
proposal requires that critical controls are presented "above the fold".
This phrase comes from the newspaper industry, and it refers to content that
would be visible even when the paper was folded up on a newstand.
The fold was a popular term on the web until about 10 years ago when it
became almost impossible to determine exactly where the fold might be. A
piece of 2015 research by Luke Wroblewski shows just how many variations
there are. With apologies, the data in that article is in an image.
It might be argued that a common set of screen sizes could be identified for
testing, but this would be impossible to do in a maintainable way. For
example, there are currently five resolutions of iOS devices available, each
with two screen orientations. Let's say there are another 10 standard sizes
of Android device, also with two screen orientations, and you already have
30 common screen sizes to test. When you include desktops (with average
screen sizes from
21" to 27"), laptops (with average screen sizes from 12" to 17"), and then
recall that the browser window can be resized on both desktops and laptops,
it's become an impossible task.
Even if it were possible to reduce the list of common screen sizes to
something more manageable, it would be necessary to revise and update the
list every few months. The mobile space regularly produces new screen sizes,
wearable devices are growing in popularity, and desktop monitors continue to
increase in size (with 34" monitors now on the market) for example.
So we're struggling to understand how authors could meet this SC, and how
testers would be able to verify that it had been successfully met. Sites
that meet the requirements at the time they were developed could fail 6
months later if the list of common screen sizes was revised. If we've missed
something, please help us understand how we as authors and testers can
really use this part of the current SC?
If our suggestion makes sense, we're happy to adjust the SC text accordingly
and create a new Pull Request (PR).
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I think we are agreed fold is not a useful concept and the intention of SC
is to ensure that all controls critical for a given task should be easy to
locate (find and identify).
I quite agree there are many ways that controls can become hard to locate
(who said 'hamburger!) and yes this is largely a design issue.
The whole point of a UX design process is to understand the users tasks,
and prioritise parts of the interface to make the task easier. I cannot see
how a guideline can help with this, it is solved by the design process, any
guideline will be too simple to apply across homepages, articles, email,
IDEs, medical exams etc etc.
Oh yes, indeed. And it should be the task a user wants to perform, not the
designer want's them to perform! :) But isn't that exactly what WCAG is all
about. Some aspects of design (accessibility) are often left out unless we
remind designers what should be considered for true inclusive design? I
don't agree SCs should be divorced from design aspects. That is impossible
even though it is very hard to not be prescriptive and disappear down a rat
hole.
Accessibility is always closely related to design, not a distinct add-on.
For example contrast is an accessibility feature but choice of colours is
firmly a design decision. We don't say we couldn't possible say what
colours as designer can use so can't specify contrast ratios required for
accessibility.
We need to find equivalent acceptable techniques for coga, which makes life
harder by moving the overlap between a11y and design closer to the design
end of spectrum away from more technical issues.
But back to this specific SCR.
Is there another direction that would be better? Is it really just about
scrolling, or rather, remembering to scroll?
I'm not sure on the intentions of SCs and guidelines and how broad or
narrow they need to be. We want to clearly signpost that critical controls
are easy to locate and that is obviously not just about scrolling as you
highlight above. It's largely a matter of not having to perform another
possibly non-obvious action to get to a critical control. But scrolling is
one specific issue that could be addressed in an SC or guideline. Perhaps
being hidden from immediate view is issue (for visual users).
I assume guidelines are external documents that are non-normative? If so
how much weight / impact do they carry? This SC addresses a very important
point and I don't think it should be pushed off to one side. I
Like any accessibility issue - it's an issue that impacts everyone - see
https://abookapart.com/products/design-for-real-life
Would a browser widget/extension that highlights when there is more to
see be a better solution to this problem? (And don't use a Mac which hides
scroll bars!?!)
Unfortunately that brings us back to the old discussion about should
accessibility be included or left to AT to sort out. The fact WCAG exists
indicates to me we want to help designers embed inclusive design into what
they produce produce. So we should address in a SC or guideline (Linux
desktops also do that horrid hide scroll bars thing to)
So I propose
1) change this SC so that it addresses "People must be able to identify
critical controls"
2) We split out the discoverability of critical controls to a new SC or
quideline.
I'm slightly reticent to do so and finding and identifying are very closely
related. But We need to get SOMEHTING into wcag 2.1
Steve Lee
OpenDirective http://opendirective.com
…On 15 February 2017 at 00:42, Alastair Campbell ***@***.***> wrote:
The issue I see with needing to scroll is that functionality can be hidden.
Depending on screen size, some things will have to be hidden. Whether it
is due to scrolling, or because controls have been put behind a menu /
drop-down / pop-up / dialogue. There are many methods!
The "fold" as a concept for an SC is a non-starter, one of the images from
that link was an overlay of the screen sizes from recent devices:
[image: a maze of overlapping rectangles.]
<https://camo.githubusercontent.com/35ba48fea3e345e71d98c312046733e8d8918437/68747470733a2f2f7062732e7477696d672e636f6d2f6d656469612f4234575564776c4351414575306d642e706e67>
Which fold would you suggest?
Given the other methods of hiding controls, I was thinking about how to
generalise the SC to cover other methods.
I wondered if this would be a possible alternative:
Critical controls or important information are prioritised.
The text from ATAG is a very useful point (and I had forgotten that one -
it's been a while!), but the aim there was to make accessibility features
prominent compared to certain others, it was not concerned with working out
what was important in the first place.
Prioritising content and controls is one of the primary aims of design, or
at least any kind of usable design.
The whole point of a UX design process is to understand the users tasks,
and prioritise parts of the interface to make the task easier. I cannot see
how a guideline can help with this, it is solved by the design process, any
guideline will be too simple to apply across homepages, articles, email,
IDEs, medical exams etc etc.
When you go down this line of thinking it does not end up with a guideline.
Is there another direction that would be better? Is it really just about
scrolling, or rather, remembering to scroll? Would a browser
widget/extension that highlights when there is more to see be a better
solution to this problem? (And don't use a Mac which hides scroll bars!?!)
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That is a good analogy, but what is the equivalent here? The SC is trying to influence prioritisation (like colour choice), but there is not a separate attribute (like contrast) to focus on from an accessibility point of view.
If a critical control is hidden then there are business or process issues preventing it from being shown. Hiding critical controls means either:
In the first case: how can a tester know more than the people who designed it? Applying a guideline does not help if you don't know the answer in the first place!
Sorry, I mean guideline in the general sense of a concept you can apply to any design. In this case it is the Success Criteria.
It is an important point, but is it something that can be addressed by an accessibility guideline?
Have you read it? It is all about dealing with things as part of a UX process, not applying guidelines. They recommend:
These are all things that are driven by the context of the website and users, there is no one-size fits all solution. One guideline (SC) you could pull out of that book is to allow text entry for gender questions, so that is an example of going from usability process to a specific criteria you can apply generally. I don't see an equivalent here that we can use. For example, what is a critical control on the BBC Homepage? (And notice how the menu adapts at different screen widths, does it pass at bigger sizes and fail at smaller sizes?). The fundamental point is that this SC cannot be tested by a guideline, it needs to be addressed by a whole process, and that is not something that the WCAG 2.x framework can tackle. The two routes forward I see are:
|
The SC is trying to influence prioritisation (like colour choice), but
there is not a separate attribute (like contrast) to focus on from an
accessibility point of view.
I'd love to uncover such an attribute. But as you mention below
one-size-fits-one with coga (well, all UX including a11y). With contrast we
are fortunate in statistically there is a technical aspect of vision that
we can pull out to make testable. That's much harder with coga, but still
might be possible.
Sorry, I mean guideline in the general sense of a concept you can apply
to any design. In this case it is the Success Criteria
Leonie mentioned a "guideline" as being something distinct from the SC
which could be used for the 'finding' aspect. Is there such a thing? If so
should we consider it as an option?
If a critical control is hidden then there are business or process issues
preventing it from being shown. Hiding critical controls means either:
perhaps we need to make a distinction between the set of tasks a user might
want to perform (out of scope) and the critical controls within a task the
user has decided to engage with (in scope).
Everything I've read about it so far (and coming from a design,
development and testing point of view) leads me to believe it is best
addressed by understanding the tasks users are trying to achieve, and
designing appropriately.
I agree for "which" controls are deemed critical by the user or designer.
But not the principle that they should be easy to find in the case the user
has started on an activity.
Have you read it? It is all about dealing with things as part of a *UX
process*, not applying *guidelines*
Yes. And I have spare copy if anyone wants it.
Isn't wcag designed to be embedded in a UX design process of iteratively
applying guidelines in the context of a larger scheme?
there is no one-size fits all solution
+1000
But with SCs we have to attempt to extract general principles that can be
measured and tested - no?
That's the tension we face head on
For example, what is a critical control on the BBC Homepage? ([snip] it
is not universally applicable and I can't see a way to reduce the scope to
make it applicable.
Again the SC is not trying to identify the critical controls (or tasks they
related to) but to say they should be easy to identify (no discussion on
this) and find (what we are discussing)
So how about
* This SC - *Critical controls *and important information required to
carry out a specific activity are accentuated in the main modality of the
content so they are easy to identify (note I added the concept of an
activity).
* New guideline / SC - *Critical controls *and important information
required to carry out a specific activity *should* be discoverable without
scrolling or otherwise uncovering hidden content. Exception being if user
is clearly guided to uncovering the critical controls as part of the
activity.
A WCAG AA+ denomination (as Lisa suggested) which groups together the
process-oriented 'recomendations'.
Sorry, I don't follow. Do you mean a new WCAG AA+ SC for grouping? Where
is Lisa's suggestion on this
Steve Lee
OpenDirective http://opendirective.com
…On 15 February 2017 at 10:18, Alastair Campbell ***@***.***> wrote:
For example contrast is an accessibility feature but choice of colours is
firmly a design decision.
That is a good analogy, but what is the equivalent here?
The SC is trying to influence prioritisation (like colour choice), but
there is not a separate attribute (like contrast) to focus on from an
accessibility point of view.
It's largely a matter of not having to perform another possibly
non-obvious action to get to a critical control.
If a critical control is hidden then there are business or process issues
preventing it from being shown. Hiding critical controls means either:
1. There is a lack of understanding of the task(s) users are trying to
perform and/or a lack of design ability.
2. There is a business reason to make that task harder (e.g. they want
to minimise the number of people doing something).
In the first case: how can a tester know more than the people who designed
it?
In the second case: an accessibility guideline is not going to influence
their decision.
I assume guidelines are external documents that are non-normative?
Sorry, I mean guideline in the general sense of a concept you can apply to
any design. In this case it is the Success Criteria.
This SC addresses a very important point and I don't think it should be
pushed off to one side.
It is an important point, but is it something that can be addressed by an
accessibility guideline?
Everything I've read about it so far (and coming from a design,
development and testing point of view) leads me to believe it is best
addressed by understanding the tasks users are trying to achieve, and
designing appropriately.
Like any accessibility issue - it's an issue that impacts everyone - see
https://abookapart.com/products/design-for-real-life
Have you read it? It is all about dealing with things as part of a *UX
process*, not applying *guidelines*.
They recommend:
- Challenging your design with niche use-cases;
- Find what matters to users, not you;
- Prioritising stress cases (an identifiable topic you can separate
from general usability);
- Meet your users;
- Strengthen your process;
These are all things that are driven by the context of the website and
users, there is no one-size fits all solution.
One guideline (SC) you could pull out of that book is to allow text entry
for gender questions, so that is an example of going from usability process
to a specific criteria you can apply generally. I don't see an equivalent
here that we can use.
For example, what is a critical control on the BBC Homepage? (And notice
how the menu adapts at different screen widths, does it pass at bigger
sizes and fail at smaller sizes?).
Same for the Facebook homepage, Yahoo, Gov.uk, my blog... it is not
universally applicable and I can't see a way to reduce the scope to make it
applicable.
The fundamental point is that this SC cannot be tested by a guideline, it
needs to be addressed by a whole process, and that is not something that
the WCAG 2.x framework can tackle.
The two routes forward I see are:
- WCAG 3.0
- A WCAG AA+ denomination (as Lisa suggested) which groups together
the process-oriented 'recomendations'.
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@jspellman @patrickhlauke @stevefaulkner @IanPouncey and @LJWatson @alastc
Unfortunatly many designers feel that "dsicoverability " makes the experence more engaging. That is the business case why people are making it harder to use the content :( |
I am comfortable with * This SC - And we add scrolling and covered information as a failure techneque |
Great
what is "failure technique" and where does it live? In a bullet point in
the SC?
Steve Lee
OpenDirective http://opendirective.com
…On 15 February 2017 at 13:49, Lisa Seeman ***@***.***> wrote:
I am comfortable with * This SC -
*Critical controls *and important information required to carry out a
specific activity are accentuated in the main modality of the content so
they are easy to identify unless doing so will interfere with the main
function of the content (such as a game).
And we add scrolling and covered information as a failure techneque
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I suggest that defining something which has no practical meaning, due to the proliferation of viewport sizes, viewport orientations, screen resolutions and potential user customization of content (zoom to 300%, for example) and is not helpful and will not be helpful to people trying to implement it or people using the end product. I suggest it is better to remove discredited terminology. |
Yes, but definition doesn't help. We (and most of our clients) design sites where the 'main modality' is everything from 320px wide phone to a 3000px wide desktop. There still isn't "a" fold, or even a "main modality" really, one of the points of web design is that it applies across many devices & modalities.
This is still impossible to assess, what is critical? and what counts as a specific activities? I've tried (conceptually) to apply this to common/popular sites and I can't see how you would pass/fail something. E.g. BBC, Facebook, Yahoo, a blog, Word online, etc.
Techniques/failures are the detailed methods you use to pass an SC, or recognised (and universal) failures for an SC. For example. I'm not concerned by having techniques, they just need to be theoretically possible at this stage. The substantive issue is that it does not appear possible apply this to many web pages.
Are there some really awful examples of this you can point me to? Perhaps there is another angle. |
Alastair, I was suggesting that we approach this problem by adapting the ATAG definition of Prominence. Mike Pluke disagreed and wanted to use the EN301 definition, but that only gives equal discoverability, not better discoverability. He also thought Prominence was untestable, but I disagreed, since the definition is a comparison with other components. It's not easily testable, but I think it could be automated, especially if we were more specific than ATAG and listed the ways that prominence could be compared. |
I can think of many examples. I do not want to point to them and offend the people involved
All the best
Lisa Seeman
LinkedIn, Twitter
…---- On Wed, 15 Feb 2017 20:22:07 +0200 jspellman<[email protected]> wrote ----
many designers feel that "dsicoverability " makes the experence more engaging.
Are there some really awful examples of this you can point me to? Perhaps there is another angle.
Alastair, I was suggesting that we approach this problem by adapting the ATAG definition of Prominence. Mike Pluke disagreed and wanted to use the EN301 definition, but that only gives equal discoverability, not better discoverability. He also thought Prominence was untestable, but I disagreed, since the definition is a comparison with other components. It's not easily testable, but I think it could be automated, especially if we were more specific than ATAG and listed the ways that prominence could be compared.
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@jspellman if it was just about prominence I would agree, the issue is about what should be prominent. ATAG was using it to provide equal priority for accessibility specify functions compared to other specified functions. For this SC there would have to be a method of saying what is critical / important. If the site hasn't done that already via a UX process, how do you apply the guideline? @lseeman you have my email address if you'd like to spare people's blushes. |
Closing this pull request as it is very much overcome by other changes in the spec. |
For #39