Skip unnecessary stat() calls in walkdir().

Skip unnecessary stat() calls in walkdir().

Some kernels can tell us the type of a "dirent", so we can avoid a call
to stat() or lstat() in many cases.  Define a new function
get_dirent_type() to contain that logic, for use by the backend and
frontend versions of walkdir(), and perhaps other callers in future.

Reviewed-by: Tom Lane 
Reviewed-by: Juan José Santamaría Flecha 
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CA%2BhUKG%2BFzxupGGN4GpUdbzZN%2Btn6FQPHo8w0Q%2BAPH5Wz8RG%2Bww%40mail.gmail.com