Update Chinese FAQ to xhtml.

author Bruce Momjian

Mon, 16 May 2005 02:50:20 +0000 (02:50 +0000)

committer Bruce Momjian

Mon, 16 May 2005 02:50:20 +0000 (02:50 +0000)
author Bruce Momjian
Mon, 16 May 2005 02:50:20 +0000 (02:50 +0000)
committer Bruce Momjian
Mon, 16 May 2005 02:50:20 +0000 (02:50 +0000)
diff --git a/doc/FAQ_chinese b/doc/FAQ_chinese

index dd159e0b11db41f6c13327cd3653897e5a1e07aa..e39c0c77a9f55d5cf9a898af5e989f777a6721dc 100644 (file)
--- a/doc/FAQ_chinese
+++ b/doc/FAQ_chinese
@@ -88,11 +88,8 @@
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diff --git a/doc/src/FAQ/FAQ_chinese.html b/doc/src/FAQ/FAQ_chinese.html

index 76fc5ed74fb6ed4291284f3cdae11560ff132d0c..20b8b7ca17b11bc0eeb962d9b89368659ee59e5d 100644 (file)
--- a/doc/src/FAQ/FAQ_chinese.html
+++ b/doc/src/FAQ/FAQ_chinese.html
@@ -1,531 +1,441 @@
-
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+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
 
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+    £¨PostgreSQL Data Base Management System£©
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+    £¨Portions copyright (c) 1996-2002, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
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-               SELECT¡£
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-       
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-       ±ØÐë»ñµÃÓÐ¹Ø±íµÄÍ³¼ÆÖµ¡£ÕâÐ©Í³¼ÆÖµ¿ÉÒÔÊ¹ÓÃ VACUUM ANALYZE£¬»ò ANALYZE           
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-       
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-       µ«ÊÇ£¬ÔÚ LIMIT ºÍ ORDER BY ½áºÏÊ¹ÓÃÊ±¾³£»áÊ¹ÓÃË÷Òý£¬ÒòÎªÖ»»á·µ»Ø±íµÄÒ»Ð¡²¿·Ö¡£Êµ¼ÊÉÏ£¬ËäÈ» MAX() ºÍ MIN() ²¢²»Ê¹ÓÃË÷Òý£¬Í¨¹ý¶Ô           
-           ORDER BY ºÍ LLIMIT Ê¹ÓÃË÷ÒýÈ¡µÃ×î´óÖµºÍ×îÐ¡ÖµÒ²ÊÇ¿ÉÒÔµÄ£º
          
-           

-            SELECT col
          
-            FROM tab
          
-            ORDER BY col [ DESC ]
          
-            LIMIT 1;          
-       µ±Ê¹ÓÃÍ¨Åä·û²Ù×÷£¬ÀýÈç LIKE »ò ~ Ê±£¬Ë÷ÒýÖ»ÄÜÔÚÌØ¶¨µÄÇé¿öÏÂÊ¹ÓÃ£º  
 ×Ö·û´®µÄ¿ªÊ¼²¿·Ö±ØÐëÊÇÆÕÍ¨×Ö·û´®£¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇËµ£º
   
-          LIKE Ä£Ê½²»ÄÜÒÔ % ´òÍ·¡£
~ £¨ÕýÔò±í´ïÊ½£©Ä£Ê½±ØÐëÒÔ ^ ´òÍ·¡£
   
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-           4.9)        
-            ÎÒÈçºÎ²ÅÄÜ¿´µ½²éÑ¯ÓÅ»¯Æ÷ÊÇÔõÑù´¦ÀíÎÒµÄ²éÑ¯µÄ£¿  
-           ²Î¿¼ EXPLAIN ÊÖ²áÒ³¡£          
-           4.10) R-tree Ë÷ÒýÊÇÊ²Ã´£¿
          
-       R-tree Ë÷ÒýÓÃÓÚË÷Òý¿Õ¼äÊý¾Ý¡£Ò»¸ö¹þÏ£Ë÷ÒýÎÞ·¨´¦Àí·¶Î§ËÑË÷¡£¶ø B-tree Ë÷ÒýÖ»ÄÜ´¦ÀíÒ»Î¬µÄ·¶Î§ËÑË÷¡£R-tree           
-           Ë÷Òý¿ÉÒÔ´¦Àí¶àÎ¬Êý¾Ý¡£ÀýÈç£¬Èç¹û¿ÉÒÔÔÚÒ»¸öÀàÐÍÎª point µÄ×Ö¶ÎÉÏ½¨Á¢Ò»¸ö R-tree Ë÷Òý£¬ÄÇÃ´ÏµÍ³ÄÜ¸ü¸ßÐ§µØ»Ø´ðÀàËÆ           
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-           ÃèÊö×î³õµÄ R-Tree Éè¼ÆµÄÕýÊ½ÂÛÎÄÊÇ£º
          
-           

-           Guttman, A. "R-Trees: A Dynamic Index Structure for Spatial Searching." Proc of           
-           the 1984 ACM SIGMOD Int'l Conf on Mgmt of Data, 45-57.          
-           

-           

-           Äã»¹¿ÉÒÔÔÚ Stonebraker µÄ¡°Readings in Database Systems¡±ÀïÕÒµ½ÕâÆªÎÄÕÂ¡£
          
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-           ÏµÍ³ÄÚÖÃµÄ R-Tree ¿ÉÒÔ´¦Àí¶à±ßÐÎºÍ·½ÐÎ¡£ÀíÂÛÉÏËµ£¬R-tree ¿ÉÒÔÀ©Õ¹Îª´¦Àí¸ü¶àÎ¬Êý¡£²»¹ýÔÚÊµ¼ùÉÏ£¬À©Õ¹ R-trees           
-           ÐèÒªÒ»¶¨µÄ¹¤×÷Á¿£¬¶øÎÒÃÇÄ¿Ç°Ã»ÓÐÈçºÎ×öµÄÎÄµµ¡£4.11)        
-        Ê²Ã´ÊÇ»ùÒò²éÑ¯ÓÅ»¯£¨Genetic Query Optimization£©£¿         
-       GEQO Ä£¿é²ÉÓÃ»ùÒòËã·¨£¨Genetic Algorithm£¬GA£©¼Ó¿ì¶à±íÁ¬½ÓµÄ²éÑ¯ÓÅ»¯¡£ËüÔÊÐíÍ¨¹ý·ÇÇî¾ÙËÑË÷´¦Àí´óµÄÁ¬½Ó²éÑ¯¡£          
-           4.12)        
-            ÎÒÔõÑù×öÕýÔò±í´ïÊ½ËÑË÷ºÍ´óÐ¡Ð´ÎÞ¹ØµÄÕýÔò±í´ïÊ½ËÑË÷£¿ÔõÑùÀûÓÃË÷Òý½øÐÐ´óÐ¡Ð´ÎÞ¹ØËÑË÷£¿ 
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-        

-            SELECT *
          
-            FROM tab
          
-            WHERE lower(col) = 'abc';
          
-        

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-        

-            CREATE INDEX tabindex ON tab (lower(col));
         
-        4.13) ÔÚÒ»¸ö²éÑ¯Àï£¬ÎÒÔõÑù¼ì²âÒ»¸ö×Ö¶ÎÊÇ·ñÎª NULL£¿
          
-        ÓÃ IS NULL ºÍ IS NOT NULL ²âÊÔÕâ¸ö×Ö¶Î¡£ 
         
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-        1¸ö×Ö·û character
          
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-        4.15.1) ÎÒÔõÑù´´½¨Ò»¸öÐòÁÐºÅ/×Ô¶¯µÝÔöµÄ×Ö¶Î£¿
          
-        PostgreSQL Ö§³Ö SERIAL Êý¾ÝÀàÐÍ¡£ËüÔÚ×Ö¶ÎÉÏ×Ô¶¯´´½¨Ò»¸öÐòÁÐºÍË÷Òý¡£ÀýÈç£¬
          
-            CREATE TABLE person ( 
         
-                id   SERIAL, 
         
-                name TEXT 
         
-                );
        
-        

-   »á×Ô¶¯×ª»»Îª£º 

-            

-            CREATE SEQUENCE person_id_seq;
          
-            CREATE TABLE person ( 
         
-                id   INT4 NOT NULL DEFAULT nextval('person_id_seq'),
          
-                name TEXT 
         
-                );
        
-            CREATE UNIQUE INDEX person_id_key ON person ( id );
          
-        

-        ²Î¿¼ create_sequence ÊÖ²áÒ³»ñÈ¡¹ØÓÚÐòÁÐµÄ¸ü¶àÐÅÏ¢¡£Äã»¹¿ÉÒÔÓÃÃ¿ÐÐµÄ oid ×Ö¶Î×÷ÎªÒ»¸öÎ¨Ò»Öµ¡£²»¹ý£¬Èç¹ûÄãÐèÒªÇãµ¹ºÍÖØÔØÊý¾Ý¿â£¬ÄãÐèÒªÊ¹ÓÃ pg_dump µÄ -o Ñ¡Ïî»òÕß COPY WITH OIDS Ñ¡ÏîÒÔ±£Áô OID¡£ 
         
-        4.15.2)           
-           ÎÒÈçºÎ»ñµÃÒ»¸ö²åÈëµÄÐòÁÐºÅµÄÖµ£¿
-        Ò»ÖÖ·½·¨ÊÇÔÚ²åÈëÖ®Ç°ÏÈÓÃº¯Êý nextval() ´ÓÐòÁÐ¶ÔÏóÀï¼ìË÷³öÏÂÒ»¸ö SERIAL Öµ£¬È»ºóÔÙÏÔÊ½²åÈë¡£Ê¹ÓÃ 
-         4.15.1 ÀïµÄÀý±í£¬¿ÉÓÃÎ±ÂëÕâÑùÃèÊö£º 
         
-        

-            new_id = execute("SELECT nextval('person_id_seq')");
          
-            execute("INSERT INTO person (id, name) VALUES (new_id, 'Blaise Pascal')");
          
-        

-        ÕâÑù»¹ÄÜÔÚÆäËû²éÑ¯ÖÐÊ¹ÓÃ´æ·ÅÔÚ new_id ÀïµÄÐÂÖµ£¨ÀýÈç£¬×÷Îª person ±íµÄÍâ¼ü£©¡£×¢Òâ×Ô¶¯´´½¨µÄ SEQUENCE ¶ÔÏóµÄÃû³Æ½«»áÊÇ <table>_<serialcolumn>_seq£¬ÕâÀï table ºÍ serialcolumn ·Ö±ðÊÇÄãµÄ±íµÄÃû³ÆºÍÄãµÄ SERIAL ×Ö¶ÎµÄÃû³Æ¡£ 
         
-        

-        ÀàËÆµÄ£¬ÔÚ SERIAL ¶ÔÏóÈ±Ê¡²åÈëºóÄã¿ÉÒÔÓÃº¯Êý currval() ¼ìË÷¸Õ¸³ÖµµÄ SERIAL Öµ£¬ÀýÈç£¬ 
         
-        

-            execute("INSERT INTO person (name) VALUES ('Blaise Pascal')");
          
-            new_id = execute("SELECT currval('person_id_seq')");
          
-        

-        ×îºó£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔÊ¹ÓÃ´Ó INSERT Óï¾ä·µ»ØµÄ OID 
-        ²éÕÒÈ±Ê¡Öµ£¬¾¡¹ÜÕâ¿ÉÄÜÊÇ×îÈ±·¦ÒÆÖ²ÐÔµÄ·½·¨¡£ÔÚ Perl Àï£¬Ê¹ÓÃ´øÓÐ Edmund Mergl µÄ DBD::Pg Ä£¿éµÄ DBI£¬oid Öµ¿ÉÒÔÍ¨¹ý $sth->execute() ºóµÄ $sth->{pg_oid_status} »ñµÃ¡£ 
         
-        4.15.3) Ê¹ÓÃ currval() ºÍ nextval() »áµ¼ÖÂÒ»¸öÓëÆäËûÓÃ»§Ö®¼äµÄÎÉÂÒÇé¿öÂð£¿
          
-        ²»»á¡£currval() ·µ»ØºóÌ¨½ø³Ì¶ø²»ÊÇËùÓÐÓÃ»§¸³ÓèµÄµ±Ç°Öµ¡£
          
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-        4.15.4)           
-           ÎªÊ²Ã´²»ÔÚÊÂÎñÒì³£ÖÐÖ¹ºóÖØÓÃÐòÁÐºÅÄØ£¿ÎªÊ²Ã´ÔÚÐòÁÐºÅ×Ö¶ÎµÄÈ¡ÖµÖÐ´æÔÚ¼ä¶ÏÄØ£¿
-        ÎªÁËÌá¸ß²¢·¢ÐÔ£¬ÐòÁÐºÅÔÚÐèÒªµÄÊ±ºò¸³ÓèÕýÔÚÔËÐÐµÄÊÂÎñ£¬²¢ÇÒÖ»ÔÚÊÂÎñ½áÊøÖ®Ç°²»·âËø¡£Õâ¾Í»áµ¼ÖÂØ²ÕÛÊÂÎñºóµÄÐòÁÐºÅ³öÏÖ¼ä¸ô¡£
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-        4.16) Ê²Ã´ÊÇ OID£¿Ê²Ã´ÊÇ TID£¿          
-        OID ÊÇ PostgreSQL ÖÐÐÐµÄÎ¨Ò»±êÊ¶¡£PostgreSQL Àï´´½¨µÄÃ¿Ò»ÐÐ¶¼»ñµÃÒ»¸öÎ¨Ò»µÄ OID¡£ËùÓÐÔÚ initdb ¹ý³ÌÖÐ´´½¨µÄ OID ¶¼Ð¡ÓÚ 16384 £¨²Î¼û include/access/transam.h£©¡£ËùÓÐÓÃ»§´´½¨µÄ OID ¶¼´óÓÚ»òµÈÓÚÕâ¸öÖµ¡£È±Ê¡Ê±£¬ËùÓÐÕâÐ© OID ²»½öÔÚÒ»¸ö±í»òÒ»¸öÊý¾Ý¿âÀïÃæÎ¨Ò»£¬¶øÇÒÔÚÕû¸ö PostgreSQL °²×°ÀïÒ²ÊÇÎ¨Ò»µÄ¡£ 
         
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-        PostgreSQL ÔÚËüµÄÄÚ²¿ÏµÍ³±íÀïÊ¹ÓÃ OID ÔÚ±íÖ®¼ä½¨Á¢ÁªÏµ¡£ÕâÐ© OID ¿ÉÒÔÓÃÓÚ±êÊ¶ÌØ¶¨µÄÓÃ»§ÐÐÒÔ¼°ÓÃÔÚÁ¬½ÓÀï¡£½¨ÒéÊ¹ÓÃ×Ö¶ÎÀàÐÍ OID ´æ´¢ OID Öµ¡£¿ÉÒÔÔÚ OID ×Ö¶ÎÉÏ´´½¨Ò»¸öË÷ÒýÒÔ¿ìËÙ·ÃÎÊ¡£ 
         
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-        

-            CREATE TABLE new(old_oid oid, mycol int);
          
-            SELECT old_oid, mycol INTO new FROM old;
          
-            COPY new TO '/tmp/pgtable';
          
-            DELETE FROM new;
          
-            COPY new WITH OIDS FROM '/tmp/pgtable';
          
-        

-        OID ÓÃ4×Ö½ÚµÄÕûÊý±£´æ£¬ÔÚ³¬¹ý40ÒÚÊ±½«Òç³ö¡£Ã»ÓÐÈË±¨¸æ³öÏÖ¹ýÒç³ö£¬¶øÎÒÃÇ´òËãÔÚÓÐÈË±¨¸æÖ®Ç°Ïû³ýÕâ¸öÏÞÖÆ¡£
          
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-        4.17) PostgreSQL Ê¹ÓÃµÄÒ»Ð©ÊõÓïµÄº¬ÒåÊÇÊ²Ã´£¿
          
-        Ò»Ð©Ô´´úÂëºÍÒ»Ð©¾ÉÒ»µãµÄÎÄµµÊ¹ÓÃÒ»Ð©ÓÐ¸ü³£ÓÃÓÃ·¨µÄÊõÓï¡£ÏÂÃæÊÇÆäÖÐÒ»²¿·Ö£º 

-            table, relation, class 
         
-            row, record, tuple 
         
-            column, field, attribute 
         
-            retrieve, select 
         
-            replace, update 
         
-            append, insert 
         
-            OID, serial value 
         
-            portal, cursor 
         
-            range variable, table name, table alias 
         
-        

-        ÓÐÒ»¸öÍ¨ÓÃÊý¾Ý¿âÊõÓïµÄÁÐ±í£ºhttp://hea-www.harvard.edu/MST/simul/software/docs/pkgs/pgsql/glossary/glossary.html 
-        ¡£  
-        4.18)           
-           ÎªÊ²Ã´ÎÒÊÕµ½´íÎó¡°ERROR: Memory exhausted in AllocSetAlloc()¡±£¿
-        ÕâºÜ¿ÉÄÜÊÇÏµÍ³µÄÐéÄâÄÚ´æÓÃ¹âÁË£¬»òÕßÄÚºË¶ÔÄ³Ð©×ÊÔ´ÓÐ½ÏµÍµÄÏÞÖÆÖµ¡£ÔÚÆô¶¯ postmaster Ö®Ç°ÊÔÊÔÏÂÃæµÄÃüÁî£º 
         
-        

-            ulimit -d 262144
          
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+         LIMIT 1;
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+    ²Î¿¼ EXPLAIN ÊÖ²áÒ³¡£ 
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+    4.10) R-tree Ë÷ÒýÊÇÊ²Ã´£¿
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+    R-tree Ë÷ÒýÓÃÓÚË÷Òý¿Õ¼äÊý¾Ý¡£Ò»¸ö¹þÏ£Ë÷ÒýÎÞ·¨´¦Àí·¶Î§ËÑË÷¡£¶ø B-tree Ë÷ÒýÖ»ÄÜ´¦ÀíÒ»Î¬µÄ·¶Î§ËÑË÷¡£R-tree Ë÷Òý¿ÉÒÔ´¦Àí¶àÎ¬Êý¾Ý¡£ÀýÈç£¬Èç¹û¿ÉÒÔÔÚÒ»¸öÀàÐÍÎª point µÄ×Ö¶ÎÉÏ½¨Á¢Ò»¸ö R-tree Ë÷Òý£¬ÄÇÃ´ÏµÍ³ÄÜ¸ü¸ßÐ§µØ»Ø´ðÀàËÆ ¡°Ñ¡ÔñÔÚÒ»¸ö³¤·½ÐÎ·¶Î§ÄÚµÄËùÓÐµã¡±¡£
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+    
+     Guttman, A. "R-Trees: A Dynamic Index Structure for Spatial Searching." Proc of the 1984 ACM SIGMOD Int'l Conf on Mgmt of Data, 45-57.
+    
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+         SELECT *
+         FROM tab
+         WHERE lower(col) = 'abc';
+    
+     ÕâÑù½«²»»áÊ¹ÓÃ±ê×¼µÄË÷Òý¡£µ«ÊÇ¿ÉÒÔ´´½¨Ò»¸ö¿É±»ÀûÓÃµÄº¯ÊýË÷Òý:
+    
+         CREATE INDEX tabindex ON tab (lower(col));
+
+    4.13) ÔÚÒ»¸ö²éÑ¯Àï£¬ÎÒÔõÑù¼ì²âÒ»¸ö×Ö¶ÎÊÇ·ñÎª NULL£¿
+
+    ÓÃ IS NULL ºÍ IS NOT NULL ²âÊÔÕâ¸ö×Ö¶Î¡£ 
+    
+
+    4.14) ¸÷ÖÖ×Ö·ûÀàÐÍÖ®¼äÓÐÊ²Ã´²»Í¬£¿
+
+      ÀàÐÍ            ÄÚ²¿Ãû³Æ    ËµÃ÷
+       --------------------------------------------------
+       "char"        char         1¸ö×Ö·û character
+       CHAR(#)      bpchar       ¶¨³¤×Ö·û´®£¬Êµ¼ÊÊý¾Ý²»×ã¶¨Òå³¤¶ÈÊ±£¬ÒÔ¿Õ¸ñ²¹Æë
+       VARCHAR(#)  varchar     Ö¸¶¨ÁË×î´ó³¤¶È£¬±ä³¤×Ö·û´®£¬²»×ã¶¨Òå³¤¶ÈµÄ²¿·Ö²»²¹Æë
+       TEXT           text         ´®³¤¶È½öÊÜÐÐµÄ×î´ó³¤¶ÈÏÞÖÆ
+       BYTEA          bytea       ±ä³¤×Ö½ÚÐòÁÐ£¨±ä³¤µÄ¶þ½øÖÆÊý¾Ý£©
+    
+     ÔÚÏµÍ³±íºÍÔÚÒ»Ð©´íÎóÐÅÏ¢ÀïÄã½«¿´µ½ÄÚ²¿Ãû³Æ¡£ 
+    
+     ÉÏÃæ×îºóËÄÖÖÀàÐÍÊÇ"varlena"£¨±ä³¤£©ÀàÐÍ£¨Ò²¾ÍÊÇËµ£¬¿ªÍ·µÄËÄ¸ö×Ö½ÚÊÇ³¤¶È£¬ºóÃæ²ÅÊÇÊý¾Ý£©¡£ÓÚÊÇÊµ¼ÊÕ¼ÓÃµÄ¿Õ¼ä±ÈÉùÃ÷µÄ´óÐ¡Òª¶àÒ»Ð©¡£È»¶øÕâÐ©ÀàÐÍ¶¼¿ÉÒÔ±»Ñ¹Ëõ´æ´¢£¬Ò²¿ÉÒÔÓÃ TOAST ÍÑ»ú´æ´¢£¬Òò´Ë´ÅÅÌ¿Õ¼äÒ²¿ÉÄÜ±ÈÔ¤ÏëµÄÒªÉÙ¡£
+    
+     CHAR(n) ×îÊÊºÏÓÚ´æ´¢³¤¶È»ù±¾²î²»¶àµÄ×Ö·û´®¡£VARCHAR(n) ÔÚ´æ´¢ÏÞÖÆÁË×î´ó³¤¶ÈµÄ±ä³¤×Ö·û´®ÊÇ×îºÃµÄ¡£TEXT ÊÊÓÃÓÚ´æ´¢²»ÏÞÖÆ³¤¶ÈµÄ×Ö·û´®£¬×î´ó¿É´ï 1G¡£BYTEA ÓÃÓÚ´æ´¢¶þ½øÖÆÊý¾Ý£¬ÓÈÆäÊÇ°üº¬ NULL ×Ö½Ú£¨¶þ½øÖÆµÄ0£©µÄÖµ¡£ÕâÐ©ÀàÐÍ¾ßÓÐÀàÐÍµÄÐÔÄÜ¡£
+
+    4.15.1) ÎÒÔõÑù´´½¨Ò»¸öÐòÁÐºÅ/×Ô¶¯µÝÔöµÄ×Ö¶Î£¿
+
+    PostgreSQL Ö§³Ö SERIAL Êý¾ÝÀàÐÍ¡£ËüÔÚ×Ö¶ÎÉÏ×Ô¶¯´´½¨Ò»¸öÐòÁÐºÍË÷Òý¡£ÀýÈç£¬
+         CREATE TABLE person ( 
+             id SERIAL, 
+             name TEXT 
+             );
+    
+     »á×Ô¶¯×ª»»Îª£º 
+         
+         CREATE SEQUENCE person_id_seq;
+         CREATE TABLE person ( 
+             id INT4 NOT NULL DEFAULT nextval('person_id_seq'),
+             name TEXT 
+             );
+         CREATE UNIQUE INDEX person_id_key ON person ( id );
+    
+     ²Î¿¼ create_sequence ÊÖ²áÒ³»ñÈ¡¹ØÓÚÐòÁÐµÄ¸ü¶àÐÅÏ¢¡£Äã»¹¿ÉÒÔÓÃÃ¿ÐÐµÄ oid ×Ö¶Î×÷ÎªÒ»¸öÎ¨Ò»Öµ¡£²»¹ý£¬Èç¹ûÄãÐèÒªÇãµ¹ºÍÖØÔØÊý¾Ý¿â£¬ÄãÐèÒªÊ¹ÓÃ pg_dump µÄ -o Ñ¡Ïî»òÕß COPY WITH OIDS Ñ¡ÏîÒÔ±£Áô OID¡£ 
+
+    4.15.2) ÎÒÈçºÎ»ñµÃÒ»¸ö²åÈëµÄÐòÁÐºÅµÄÖµ£¿
+
+    Ò»ÖÖ·½·¨ÊÇÔÚ²åÈëÖ®Ç°ÏÈÓÃº¯Êý nextval() ´ÓÐòÁÐ¶ÔÏóÀï¼ìË÷³öÏÂÒ»¸ö SERIAL Öµ£¬È»ºóÔÙÏÔÊ½²åÈë¡£Ê¹ÓÃ 4.15.1 ÀïµÄÀý±í£¬¿ÉÓÃÎ±ÂëÕâÑùÃèÊö£º 
+    
+         new_id = execute("SELECT nextval('person_id_seq')");
+         execute("INSERT INTO person (id, name) VALUES (new_id, 'Blaise Pascal')");
+    
+     ÕâÑù»¹ÄÜÔÚÆäËû²éÑ¯ÖÐÊ¹ÓÃ´æ·ÅÔÚ new_id ÀïµÄÐÂÖµ£¨ÀýÈç£¬×÷Îª person ±íµÄÍâ¼ü£©¡£×¢Òâ×Ô¶¯´´½¨µÄ SEQUENCE ¶ÔÏóµÄÃû³Æ½«»áÊÇ <table>_<serialcolumn>_seq£¬ÕâÀï table ºÍ serialcolumn ·Ö±ðÊÇÄãµÄ±íµÄÃû³ÆºÍÄãµÄ SERIAL ×Ö¶ÎµÄÃû³Æ¡£ 
+    
+     ÀàËÆµÄ£¬ÔÚ SERIAL ¶ÔÏóÈ±Ê¡²åÈëºóÄã¿ÉÒÔÓÃº¯Êý currval() ¼ìË÷¸Õ¸³ÖµµÄ SERIAL Öµ£¬ÀýÈç£¬ 
+    
+         execute("INSERT INTO person (name) VALUES ('Blaise Pascal')");
+         new_id = execute("SELECT currval('person_id_seq')");
+    
+     ×îºó£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔÊ¹ÓÃ´Ó INSERT Óï¾ä·µ»ØµÄ OID ²éÕÒÈ±Ê¡Öµ£¬¾¡¹ÜÕâ¿ÉÄÜÊÇ×îÈ±·¦ÒÆÖ²ÐÔµÄ·½·¨¡£ÔÚ Perl Àï£¬Ê¹ÓÃ´øÓÐ Edmund Mergl µÄ DBD::Pg Ä£¿éµÄ DBI£¬oid Öµ¿ÉÒÔÍ¨¹ý $sth->execute() ºóµÄ $sth->{pg_oid_status} »ñµÃ¡£ 
+
+    4.15.3) Ê¹ÓÃ currval() ºÍ nextval() »áµ¼ÖÂÒ»¸öÓëÆäËûÓÃ»§Ö®¼äµÄÎÉÂÒÇé¿öÂð£¿
+
+    ²»»á¡£currval() ·µ»ØºóÌ¨½ø³Ì¶ø²»ÊÇËùÓÐÓÃ»§¸³ÓèµÄµ±Ç°Öµ¡£
+    
+
+    4.15.4) ÎªÊ²Ã´²»ÔÚÊÂÎñÒì³£ÖÐÖ¹ºóÖØÓÃÐòÁÐºÅÄØ£¿ÎªÊ²Ã´ÔÚÐòÁÐºÅ×Ö¶ÎµÄÈ¡ÖµÖÐ´æÔÚ¼ä¶ÏÄØ£¿
+
+    ÎªÁËÌá¸ß²¢·¢ÐÔ£¬ÐòÁÐºÅÔÚÐèÒªµÄÊ±ºò¸³ÓèÕýÔÚÔËÐÐµÄÊÂÎñ£¬²¢ÇÒÖ»ÔÚÊÂÎñ½áÊøÖ®Ç°²»·âËø¡£Õâ¾Í»áµ¼ÖÂØ²ÕÛÊÂÎñºóµÄÐòÁÐºÅ³öÏÖ¼ä¸ô¡£
+
+    
+     4.16) Ê²Ã´ÊÇ OID£¿Ê²Ã´ÊÇ TID£¿
+
+    OID ÊÇ PostgreSQL ÖÐÐÐµÄÎ¨Ò»±êÊ¶¡£PostgreSQL Àï´´½¨µÄÃ¿Ò»ÐÐ¶¼»ñµÃÒ»¸öÎ¨Ò»µÄ OID¡£ËùÓÐÔÚ initdb ¹ý³ÌÖÐ´´½¨µÄ OID ¶¼Ð¡ÓÚ 16384 £¨²Î¼û include/access/transam.h£©¡£ËùÓÐÓÃ»§´´½¨µÄ OID ¶¼´óÓÚ»òµÈÓÚÕâ¸öÖµ¡£È±Ê¡Ê±£¬ËùÓÐÕâÐ© OID ²»½öÔÚÒ»¸ö±í»òÒ»¸öÊý¾Ý¿âÀïÃæÎ¨Ò»£¬¶øÇÒÔÚÕû¸ö PostgreSQL °²×°ÀïÒ²ÊÇÎ¨Ò»µÄ¡£ 
+    
+     PostgreSQL ÔÚËüµÄÄÚ²¿ÏµÍ³±íÀïÊ¹ÓÃ OID ÔÚ±íÖ®¼ä½¨Á¢ÁªÏµ¡£ÕâÐ© OID ¿ÉÒÔÓÃÓÚ±êÊ¶ÌØ¶¨µÄÓÃ»§ÐÐÒÔ¼°ÓÃÔÚÁ¬½ÓÀï¡£½¨ÒéÊ¹ÓÃ×Ö¶ÎÀàÐÍ OID ´æ´¢ OID Öµ¡£¿ÉÒÔÔÚ OID ×Ö¶ÎÉÏ´´½¨Ò»¸öË÷ÒýÒÔ¿ìËÙ·ÃÎÊ¡£ 
+    
+     OID ´ÓÒ»¸ö±»ËùÓÐÊý¾Ý¿âÊ¹ÓÃµÄÖÐÐÄÇøÓòÀï¸³Öµ¸øËùÓÐÐÂÐÐ¡£Èç¹ûÄãÏë°Ñ OID ¸Ä³É±ðµÄÖµ£¬»òÕßÏë×öÒ»·Ý±íµÄ´øÔÊ¼ OID µÄ¿½±´£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔ×öµ½£º 
+    
+         CREATE TABLE new(old_oid oid, mycol int);
+         SELECT old_oid, mycol INTO new FROM old;
+         COPY new TO '/tmp/pgtable';
+         DELETE FROM new;
+         COPY new WITH OIDS FROM '/tmp/pgtable';
+    
+     OID ÓÃ4×Ö½ÚµÄÕûÊý±£´æ£¬ÔÚ³¬¹ý40ÒÚÊ±½«Òç³ö¡£Ã»ÓÐÈË±¨¸æ³öÏÖ¹ýÒç³ö£¬¶øÎÒÃÇ´òËãÔÚÓÐÈË±¨¸æÖ®Ç°Ïû³ýÕâ¸öÏÞÖÆ¡£
+    
+     TID ÓÃÓÚ±êÊ¶´ø×ÅÊý¾Ý¿é£¨µØÖ·£©ºÍ£¨¿éÄÚ£©Æ«ÒÆµÄÌØ¶¨µÄÎïÀíÐÐ¡£TID ÔÚÐÐ±»¸ü¸Ä»òÖØÔØºó·¢Éú¸Ä±ä¡£Ë÷ÒýÈë¿ÚÊ¹ÓÃËüÃÇÖ¸ÏòÎïÀíÐÐ¡£
+
+    4.17) PostgreSQL Ê¹ÓÃµÄÒ»Ð©ÊõÓïµÄº¬ÒåÊÇÊ²Ã´£¿
+
+    Ò»Ð©Ô´´úÂëºÍÒ»Ð©¾ÉÒ»µãµÄÎÄµµÊ¹ÓÃÒ»Ð©ÓÐ¸ü³£ÓÃÓÃ·¨µÄÊõÓï¡£ÏÂÃæÊÇÆäÖÐÒ»²¿·Ö£º 
+         table, relation, class 
+         row, record, tuple 
+         column, field, attribute 
+         retrieve, select 
+         replace, update 
+         append, insert 
+         OID, serial value 
+         portal, cursor 
+         range variable, table name, table alias 
+    
+     ÓÐÒ»¸öÍ¨ÓÃÊý¾Ý¿âÊõÓïµÄÁÐ±í£ºhttp://hea-www.harvard.edu/MST/simul/software/docs/pkgs/pgsql/glossary/glossary.html ¡£  
+
+    4.18) ÎªÊ²Ã´ÎÒÊÕµ½´íÎó¡°ERROR: Memory exhausted in AllocSetAlloc()¡±£¿
+
+    ÕâºÜ¿ÉÄÜÊÇÏµÍ³µÄÐéÄâÄÚ´æÓÃ¹âÁË£¬»òÕßÄÚºË¶ÔÄ³Ð©×ÊÔ´ÓÐ½ÏµÍµÄÏÞÖÆÖµ¡£ÔÚÆô¶¯ postmaster Ö®Ç°ÊÔÊÔÏÂÃæµÄÃüÁî£º 
+    
+         ulimit -d 262144
+         limit datasize 256m
+    
+     È¡¾öÓÚÄãÓÃµÄ shell£¬ÉÏÃæÃüÁîÖ»ÓÐÒ»ÌõÄÜ³É¹¦£¬µ«ÊÇËü½«°ÑÄãµÄ½ø³ÌÊý¾Ý¶ÎÏÞÖÆÉèµÃ±È½Ï¸ß£¬Òò¶øÒ²ÐíÄÜÈÃ²éÑ¯Íê³É¡£ÕâÌõÃüÁîÓ¦ÓÃÓÚµ±Ç°½ø³Ì£¬ÒÔ¼°ËùÓÐÔÚÕâÌõÃüÁîÔËÐÐºó´´½¨µÄ×Ó½ø³Ì¡£Èç¹ûÄãÊÇÔÚÔËÐÐSQL¿Í»§¶ËÊ±ÒòÎªºóÌ¨·µ»ØÁËÌ«¶àµÄÊý¾Ý¶ø³öÏÖÎÊÌâ£¬ÇëÔÚÔËÐÐ¿Í»§¶ËÖ®Ç°Ö´ÐÐÉÏÊöÃüÁî¡£
+
+    4.19) ÎÒÈçºÎ²ÅÄÜÖªµÀËùÔËÐÐµÄ PostgreSQL µÄ°æ±¾£¿
+
+    ´Ó psql Àï£¬¼üÈë SELECT version()£»
+    
+
+    4.20) ÎªÊ²Ã´ÎÒµÄ´ó¶ÔÏó²Ù×÷µ¼ÖÂ´íÎó¡°invalid large obj descriptor¡±£¨·Ç·¨µÄ´ó¶ÔÏóÃèÊö·û£©£¿
+
+    ÄãÐèÒªÔÚÊ¹ÓÃÈÎºÎ´ó¶ÔÏó¾ä±úµÄÇ°ºó·ÅÉÏ BEGIN WORK ºÍ COMMIT£¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇËµ£¬°üÎ§ lo_open ... lo_close¡£ 
+    
+     Ä¿Ç° PostgreSQL Ç¿ÖÆÊµÊ©ÕâÌõ¹æÔò£ºÔÚÊÂÎñÌá½»Ê±¹Ø±Õ´ó¶ÔÏó¾ä±ú£¬ÕâÑù£¬£¨Ã»ÓÐ²ÉÓÃÊÂÎñÊ±£©£¬Ê×´Î¶Ô´ó¶ÔÏó¾ä±ú×öÈÎºÎÊÂÇéµÄÆóÍ¼¶¼»áµ¼ÖÂÒ»¸ö invalid large obj descriptor¡£ËùÒÔ£¬Èç¹ûÄãÃ»ÓÐÊ¹ÓÃÒ»¸öÊÂÎñ£¬ÒÔÇ°ÄÜ¹¤×÷µÄ´úÂë£¨ÖÁÉÙÊÇ´ó¶àÊýÊ±¼ä£©½«»áÉú³ÉÕâÃ´Ò»¸ö´íÎóÐÅÏ¢¡£ 
+    
+     Èç¹ûÄãÊ¹ÓÃ¿Í»§¶Ë½Ó¿Ú£¬Èç ODBC£¬Äã¿ÉÄÜÐèÒª set auto-commit off¡£
+
+    4.21) ÎÒÈçºÎ´´½¨Ò»¸öÈ±Ê¡ÖµÊÇµ±Ç°Ê±¼äµÄ×Ö¶Î£¿
+
+    Ê¹ÓÃ CURRENT_TIMESTAMP£º
+    
+         CREATE TABLE test(x int, modtime timestamp DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP);
+
+    4.22) ÎªÊ²Ã´Ê¹ÓÃ IN µÄ×Ó²éÑ¯ÕâÃ´Âý£¿
+
+    Ä¿Ç°£¬ÎÒÃÇÍ¨¹ýÎªÍâ²éÑ¯µÄÃ¿Ò»ÐÐË³ÐòÉ¨Ãè×Ó²éÑ¯µÄ½á¹ûÀ´Á¬½Ó×Ó²éÑ¯ºÍÍâ²éÑ¯¡£Èç¹û×Ó²éÑ¯·µ»ØÉÙÊý¼¸ÐÐ£¬¶øÍâ²éÑ¯·µ»ØºÜ¶àÐÐ£¬IN Ö´ÐÐµÃºÜ¿ì¡£ÎªÁË¼Ó¿ìÆäËû IN ²éÑ¯µÄÖ´ÐÐ£¬¿ÉÒÔÓÃ EXISTS Ìæ»» IN£º 
+    
+         SELECT *
+         FROM tab
+         WHERE col IN (SELECT subcol FROM subtab);
+    
+     ¸ÄÎª£º 
+    
+         SELECT *
+         FROM tab
+         WHERE EXISTS (SELECT subcol FROM subtab WHERE subcol = col);
+    
+     ºóÕßÒªÏëÖ´ÐÐµÃ¸ü¿ì£¬subcol Ó¦¸ÃÊÇÒ»¸öË÷ÒýÁÐ¡£ÎÒÃÇÏ£ÍûÔÚÎ´À´µÄ·¢²¼°æ±¾ÖÐÐÞ²¹Õâ¸öÏÞÖÆ¡£
+
+    4.23) ÎÒÔõÑù½øÐÐ outer join £¨ÍâÁ¬½Ó£©£¿
+
+    PostgreSQL ²ÉÓÃ±ê×¼µÄ SQL Óï·¨Ö§³ÖÍâÁ¬½Ó¡£ÕâÀïÊÇÁ½¸öÀý×Ó£º
+    
+         SELECT *
+         FROM t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN t2 ON (t1.col = t2.col);
+    
+     »ò 
+         SELECT *
+         FROM t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN t2 USING (col);
+    
+     ÕâÁ½¸öµÈ¼ÛµÄ²éÑ¯ÔÚ t1.col ºÍ t2.col ÉÏ×öÁ¬½Ó£¬²¢ÇÒ·µâ»?t1 ÖÐËùÓÐÎ´Á¬½ÓµÄÐÐ£¨ÄÇÐ©ÔÚ t2 ÖÐÃ»ÓÐÆ¥ÅäµÄÐÐ£©¡£ÓÒ[Íâ]Á¬½Ó(RIGHT OUTER JOIN)½«·µ»Ø t2 ÖÐÎ´Á¬½ÓµÄÐÐ¡£ÍêÈ«ÍâÁ¬½Ó£¨FULL OUTER JOIN£©½«·µ»Ø t1 ºÍ t2 ÖÐÎ´Á¬½ÓµÄÐÐ¡£¹Ø¼ü×Ö OUTER ÔÚ×ó[Íâ]Á¬½Ó¡¢ÓÒ[Íâ]Á¬½ÓºÍÍêÈ«[Íâ]Á¬½ÓÖÐÊÇ¿ÉÑ¡µÄ£¬ÆÕÍ¨Á¬½Ó±»³ÉÎªÄÚÁ¬½Ó£¨INNER JOIN£©¡£
+    
+     ÔÚ´ËÇ°µÄ°æ±¾ÖÐ£¬ÍâÁ¬½Ó¿ÉÒÔÓÃ UNION ºÍ NOT IN À´Ä£Äâ¡£ÀýÈç£¬ÏÂÃæµÄÀý×ÓÔÚ±í tab1 ºÍ tab2 Ö®¼ä×öÍâÁ¬½Ó£º
+    
+         SELECT tab1.col1, tab2.col2
+         FROM tab1, tab2
+         WHERE tab1.col1 = tab2.col1
+    
+         UNION ALL
+    
+         SELECT tab1.col1, NULL
+         FROM tab1
+         WHERE tab1.col1 NOT IN (SELECT tab2.col1 FROM tab2)
+         ORDER BY col1
+
+    4.24) ÈçºÎÊ¹ÓÃÉæ¼°¶à¸öÊý¾Ý¿âµÄ²éÑ¯£¿
+
+    Ã»ÓÐ°ì·¨²éÑ¯µ±Ç°Êý¾Ý¿âÖ®ÍâµÄÊý¾Ý¿â¡£ÒòÎª PostgreSQL ¼ÓÔØÊý¾Ý¿âÏà¹ØµÄÏµÍ³Ä¿Â¼£¨ÏµÍ³±í£©£¬¿çÊý¾Ý¿âµÄ²éÑ¯ÈçºÎÖ´ÐÐÒ²Î´Ã÷È·¡£
+    
+     contrib/dblink ÔÊÐí²ÉÓÃº¯Êýµ÷ÓÃÊµÏÖ¿ç¿â²éÑ¯¡£µ±È»¿ÉÒÔÍ¬Ê±Á¬½Óµ½²»Í¬µÄÊý¾Ý¿â²¢ÔÚ¿Í»§¶ËºÏ²¢½á¹û¡£
+
+    4.25) ÈçºÎÈÃº¯Êý·µ»Ø¶àÐÐ»ò¶àÁÐ£¿
+
+    ¿ÉÒÔÔÚ PL/pgSQL º¯ÊýÖÐÊ¹ÓÃ refcursors ·µ»Ø½á¹û¼¯¡£²Î¿´ http://www.PostgreSQL.org/idocs/index.php?plpgsql-cursors.html, 23.7.3.3½Ú¡£
+    
+
+    4.26) ÎªÊ²Ã´ÔÚ PL/PgSQL º¯ÊýÖÐ²»ÄÜ¿É¿¿µØ´´½¨»òÉ¾³ýÁÙÊ±±í£¿
+
+    PL/PgSQL »º´æº¯ÊýµÄÄÚÈÝ£¬ÓÉ´Ë´øÀ´µÄÒ»¸ö²»ºÃµÄ¸±×÷ÓÃÊÇÈôÒ»¸ö PL/PgSQL º¯Êý·ÃÎÊÁËÒ»¸öÁÙÊ±±í£¬È»ºó¸Ã±í±»É¾³ý²¢ÖØ½¨ÁË£¬ÔòÔÙ´Îµ÷ÓÃ¸Ãº¯Êý½«Ê§°Ü£¬ÒòÎª»º´æµÄº¯ÊýÄÚÈÝÈÔÈ»Ö¸Ïò¾ÉµÄÁÙÊ±±í¡£½â¾öµÄ·½·¨ÊÇÔÚ PL/PgSQL ÖÐÓÃ EXECUTE ¶ÔÁÙÊ±±í½øÐÐ·ÃÎÊ¡£ÕâÑù»á±£Ö¤²éÑ¯ÔÚÖ´ÐÐÇ°×ÜÊÇÖØÐÂ·ÖÎö¡£
+
+    4.27) ÓÐÄÄÐ©Êý¾Ý¸´ÖÆÑ¡Ïî£¿
+
+    ÓÐ¼¸ÖÖÖ÷/´Ó·½Ê½µÄ¸´ÖÆÑ¡Ïî¡£ÕâÐ©Ñ¡ÏîÖ»ÔÊÐíÖ÷Êý¾Ý¿â½øÐÐ¸üÐÂ£¬´ÓÊý¾Ý¿âÖ»ÄÜ½øÐÐ¶Á¡£ÍøÒ³ http://gborg.PostgreSQL.org/genpage?replication_research  µÄ×îºóÁÐ³öÁËÕâÐ©Ñ¡Ïî¡£ÔÚ http://gborg.PostgreSQL.org/project/pgreplication/projdisplay.php ÕýÔÚ½øÐÐÒ»¸ö¶àÖ÷±¾¸´ÖÆµÄ½â¾ö·½°¸¡£
+
+    4.28) ÓÐÄÄÐ©Êý¾Ý¼ÓÃÜÑ¡Ïî£¿
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+    £¨PostgreSQL Data Base Management System£©
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+    £¨Portions copyright (c) 1996-2002, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
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-       ±ØÐë»ñµÃÓÐ¹Ø±íµÄÍ³¼ÆÖµ¡£ÕâÐ©Í³¼ÆÖµ¿ÉÒÔÊ¹ÓÃ VACUUM ANALYZE£¬»ò ANALYZE           
-       »ñµÃ¡£Ê¹ÓÃÍ³¼ÆÖµ£¬ÓÅ»¯Æ÷ÖªµÀ±íÖÐÓÐ¶àÉÙÐÐ£¬¾ÍÄÜ¹»¸üºÃµØÅÐ¶ÏÊÇ·ñÀûÓÃË÷Òý¡£Í³¼ÆÖµ¶ÔÈ·¶¨ÓÅ»¯µÄÁ¬½ÓË³ÐòºÍÁ¬½Ó·½·¨Ò²ºÜÓÐÓÃ¡£ÔÚ±íµÄÄÚÈÝ·¢Éú±ä»¯Ê±£¬Ó¦¶¨ÆÚ½øÐÐÍ³¼ÆÖµµÄ»ñÈ¡¡£
-       
-       Ë÷ÒýÍ¨³£²»ÓÃÓÚ ORDER BY »òÖ´ÐÐÁ¬½Ó¡£¶ÔÒ»¸ö´ó±íµÄÒ»´ÎË³ÐòÉ¨Ãè£¬ÔÙ×öÒ»¸öÏÔÊ½µÄÅÅÐòÍ¨³£±ÈË÷ÒýÉ¨ÃèÒª¿ì¡£          
-       µ«ÊÇ£¬ÔÚ LIMIT ºÍ ORDER BY ½áºÏÊ¹ÓÃÊ±¾³£»áÊ¹ÓÃË÷Òý£¬ÒòÎªÖ»»á·µ»Ø±íµÄÒ»Ð¡²¿·Ö¡£Êµ¼ÊÉÏ£¬ËäÈ» MAX() ºÍ MIN() ²¢²»Ê¹ÓÃË÷Òý£¬Í¨¹ý¶Ô           
-           ORDER BY ºÍ LLIMIT Ê¹ÓÃË÷ÒýÈ¡µÃ×î´óÖµºÍ×îÐ¡ÖµÒ²ÊÇ¿ÉÒÔµÄ£º
          
-           
-            SELECT col
          
-            FROM tab
          
-            ORDER BY col [ DESC ]
          
-            LIMIT 1;          
-       µ±Ê¹ÓÃÍ¨Åä·û²Ù×÷£¬ÀýÈç LIKE »ò ~ Ê±£¬Ë÷ÒýÖ»ÄÜÔÚÌØ¶¨µÄÇé¿öÏÂÊ¹ÓÃ£º  
 ×Ö·û´®µÄ¿ªÊ¼²¿·Ö±ØÐëÊÇÆÕÍ¨×Ö·û´®£¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇËµ£º
   
-          LIKE Ä£Ê½²»ÄÜÒÔ % ´òÍ·¡£
~ £¨ÕýÔò±í´ïÊ½£©Ä£Ê½±ØÐëÒÔ ^ ´òÍ·¡£
   
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-           4.9)        
-            ÎÒÈçºÎ²ÅÄÜ¿´µ½²éÑ¯ÓÅ»¯Æ÷ÊÇÔõÑù´¦ÀíÎÒµÄ²éÑ¯µÄ£¿  
-           ²Î¿¼ EXPLAIN ÊÖ²áÒ³¡£          
-           4.10) R-tree Ë÷ÒýÊÇÊ²Ã´£¿
          
-       R-tree Ë÷ÒýÓÃÓÚË÷Òý¿Õ¼äÊý¾Ý¡£Ò»¸ö¹þÏ£Ë÷ÒýÎÞ·¨´¦Àí·¶Î§ËÑË÷¡£¶ø B-tree Ë÷ÒýÖ»ÄÜ´¦ÀíÒ»Î¬µÄ·¶Î§ËÑË÷¡£R-tree           
-           Ë÷Òý¿ÉÒÔ´¦Àí¶àÎ¬Êý¾Ý¡£ÀýÈç£¬Èç¹û¿ÉÒÔÔÚÒ»¸öÀàÐÍÎª point µÄ×Ö¶ÎÉÏ½¨Á¢Ò»¸ö R-tree Ë÷Òý£¬ÄÇÃ´ÏµÍ³ÄÜ¸ü¸ßÐ§µØ»Ø´ðÀàËÆ           
-           ¡°Ñ¡ÔñÔÚÒ»¸ö³¤·½ÐÎ·¶Î§ÄÚµÄËùÓÐµã¡±¡£
-           
-           ÃèÊö×î³õµÄ R-Tree Éè¼ÆµÄÕýÊ½ÂÛÎÄÊÇ£º
          
-           
-           Guttman, A. "R-Trees: A Dynamic Index Structure for Spatial Searching." Proc of           
-           the 1984 ACM SIGMOD Int'l Conf on Mgmt of Data, 45-57.          
-           
-           
-           Äã»¹¿ÉÒÔÔÚ Stonebraker µÄ¡°Readings in Database Systems¡±ÀïÕÒµ½ÕâÆªÎÄÕÂ¡£
          
-           
-           ÏµÍ³ÄÚÖÃµÄ R-Tree ¿ÉÒÔ´¦Àí¶à±ßÐÎºÍ·½ÐÎ¡£ÀíÂÛÉÏËµ£¬R-tree ¿ÉÒÔÀ©Õ¹Îª´¦Àí¸ü¶àÎ¬Êý¡£²»¹ýÔÚÊµ¼ùÉÏ£¬À©Õ¹ R-trees           
-           ÐèÒªÒ»¶¨µÄ¹¤×÷Á¿£¬¶øÎÒÃÇÄ¿Ç°Ã»ÓÐÈçºÎ×öµÄÎÄµµ¡£4.11)        
-        Ê²Ã´ÊÇ»ùÒò²éÑ¯ÓÅ»¯£¨Genetic Query Optimization£©£¿         
-       GEQO Ä£¿é²ÉÓÃ»ùÒòËã·¨£¨Genetic Algorithm£¬GA£©¼Ó¿ì¶à±íÁ¬½ÓµÄ²éÑ¯ÓÅ»¯¡£ËüÔÊÐíÍ¨¹ý·ÇÇî¾ÙËÑË÷´¦Àí´óµÄÁ¬½Ó²éÑ¯¡£          
-           4.12)        
-            ÎÒÔõÑù×öÕýÔò±í´ïÊ½ËÑË÷ºÍ´óÐ¡Ð´ÎÞ¹ØµÄÕýÔò±í´ïÊ½ËÑË÷£¿ÔõÑùÀûÓÃË÷Òý½øÐÐ´óÐ¡Ð´ÎÞ¹ØËÑË÷£¿ 
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-        
-        ´óÐ¡Ð´ÎÞ¹ØµÄµÈÊ½±È½ÏÍ¨³£Ð´×ö£º
-        
-            SELECT *
          
-            FROM tab
          
-            WHERE lower(col) = 'abc';
          
-        
-        ÕâÑù½«²»»áÊ¹ÓÃ±ê×¼µÄË÷Òý¡£µ«ÊÇ¿ÉÒÔ´´½¨Ò»¸ö¿É±»ÀûÓÃµÄº¯ÊýË÷Òý:
-        
-            CREATE INDEX tabindex ON tab (lower(col));
         
-        4.13) ÔÚÒ»¸ö²éÑ¯Àï£¬ÎÒÔõÑù¼ì²âÒ»¸ö×Ö¶ÎÊÇ·ñÎª NULL£¿
          
-        ÓÃ IS NULL ºÍ IS NOT NULL ²âÊÔÕâ¸ö×Ö¶Î¡£ 
         
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-          ÀàÐÍ                   
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-          --------------------------------------------------
        
-          "char"        char                
-        1¸ö×Ö·û character
          
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-          VARCHAR(#)  varchar     Ö¸¶¨ÁË×î´ó³¤¶È£¬±ä³¤×Ö·û´®£¬²»×ã¶¨Òå³¤¶ÈµÄ²¿·Ö²»²¹Æë
         
-          TEXT           text                
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-        ÉÏÃæ×îºóËÄÖÖÀàÐÍÊÇ"varlena"£¨±ä³¤£©ÀàÐÍ£¨Ò²¾ÍÊÇËµ£¬¿ªÍ·µÄËÄ¸ö×Ö½ÚÊÇ³¤¶È£¬ºóÃæ²ÅÊÇÊý¾Ý£©¡£ÓÚÊÇÊµ¼ÊÕ¼ÓÃµÄ¿Õ¼ä±ÈÉùÃ÷µÄ´óÐ¡Òª¶àÒ»Ð©¡£È»¶øÕâÐ©ÀàÐÍ¶¼¿ÉÒÔ±»Ñ¹Ëõ´æ´¢£¬Ò²¿ÉÒÔÓÃ TOAST ÍÑ»ú´æ´¢£¬Òò´Ë´ÅÅÌ¿Õ¼äÒ²¿ÉÄÜ±ÈÔ¤ÏëµÄÒªÉÙ¡£
          
-        
-        CHAR(n) ×îÊÊºÏÓÚ´æ´¢³¤¶È»ù±¾²î²»¶àµÄ×Ö·û´®¡£VARCHAR(n) ÔÚ´æ´¢ÏÞÖÆÁË×î´ó³¤¶ÈµÄ±ä³¤×Ö·û´®ÊÇ×îºÃµÄ¡£TEXT ÊÊÓÃÓÚ´æ´¢²»ÏÞÖÆ³¤¶ÈµÄ×Ö·û´®£¬×î´ó¿É´ï 1G¡£BYTEA ÓÃÓÚ´æ´¢¶þ½øÖÆÊý¾Ý£¬ÓÈÆäÊÇ°üº¬ NULL ×Ö½Ú£¨¶þ½øÖÆµÄ0£©µÄÖµ¡£ÕâÐ©ÀàÐÍ¾ßÓÐÀàÐÍµÄÐÔÄÜ¡£
          
-        4.15.1) ÎÒÔõÑù´´½¨Ò»¸öÐòÁÐºÅ/×Ô¶¯µÝÔöµÄ×Ö¶Î£¿
          
-        PostgreSQL Ö§³Ö SERIAL Êý¾ÝÀàÐÍ¡£ËüÔÚ×Ö¶ÎÉÏ×Ô¶¯´´½¨Ò»¸öÐòÁÐºÍË÷Òý¡£ÀýÈç£¬
          
-            CREATE TABLE person ( 
         
-                id   SERIAL, 
         
-                name TEXT 
         
-                );
        
-        
-   »á×Ô¶¯×ª»»Îª£º 
-            
-            CREATE SEQUENCE person_id_seq;
          
-            CREATE TABLE person ( 
         
-                id   INT4 NOT NULL DEFAULT nextval('person_id_seq'),
          
-                name TEXT 
         
-                );
        
-            CREATE UNIQUE INDEX person_id_key ON person ( id );
          
-        
-        ²Î¿¼ create_sequence ÊÖ²áÒ³»ñÈ¡¹ØÓÚÐòÁÐµÄ¸ü¶àÐÅÏ¢¡£Äã»¹¿ÉÒÔÓÃÃ¿ÐÐµÄ oid ×Ö¶Î×÷ÎªÒ»¸öÎ¨Ò»Öµ¡£²»¹ý£¬Èç¹ûÄãÐèÒªÇãµ¹ºÍÖØÔØÊý¾Ý¿â£¬ÄãÐèÒªÊ¹ÓÃ pg_dump µÄ -o Ñ¡Ïî»òÕß COPY WITH OIDS Ñ¡ÏîÒÔ±£Áô OID¡£ 
         
-        4.15.2)           
-           ÎÒÈçºÎ»ñµÃÒ»¸ö²åÈëµÄÐòÁÐºÅµÄÖµ£¿
-        Ò»ÖÖ·½·¨ÊÇÔÚ²åÈëÖ®Ç°ÏÈÓÃº¯Êý nextval() ´ÓÐòÁÐ¶ÔÏóÀï¼ìË÷³öÏÂÒ»¸ö SERIAL Öµ£¬È»ºóÔÙÏÔÊ½²åÈë¡£Ê¹ÓÃ 
-         4.15.1 ÀïµÄÀý±í£¬¿ÉÓÃÎ±ÂëÕâÑùÃèÊö£º 
         
-        
-            new_id = execute("SELECT nextval('person_id_seq')");
          
-            execute("INSERT INTO person (id, name) VALUES (new_id, 'Blaise Pascal')");
          
-        
-        ÕâÑù»¹ÄÜÔÚÆäËû²éÑ¯ÖÐÊ¹ÓÃ´æ·ÅÔÚ new_id ÀïµÄÐÂÖµ£¨ÀýÈç£¬×÷Îª person ±íµÄÍâ¼ü£©¡£×¢Òâ×Ô¶¯´´½¨µÄ SEQUENCE ¶ÔÏóµÄÃû³Æ½«»áÊÇ <table>_<serialcolumn>_seq£¬ÕâÀï table ºÍ serialcolumn ·Ö±ðÊÇÄãµÄ±íµÄÃû³ÆºÍÄãµÄ SERIAL ×Ö¶ÎµÄÃû³Æ¡£ 
         
-        
-        ÀàËÆµÄ£¬ÔÚ SERIAL ¶ÔÏóÈ±Ê¡²åÈëºóÄã¿ÉÒÔÓÃº¯Êý currval() ¼ìË÷¸Õ¸³ÖµµÄ SERIAL Öµ£¬ÀýÈç£¬ 
         
-        
-            execute("INSERT INTO person (name) VALUES ('Blaise Pascal')");
          
-            new_id = execute("SELECT currval('person_id_seq')");
          
-        
-        ×îºó£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔÊ¹ÓÃ´Ó INSERT Óï¾ä·µ»ØµÄ OID 
-        ²éÕÒÈ±Ê¡Öµ£¬¾¡¹ÜÕâ¿ÉÄÜÊÇ×îÈ±·¦ÒÆÖ²ÐÔµÄ·½·¨¡£ÔÚ Perl Àï£¬Ê¹ÓÃ´øÓÐ Edmund Mergl µÄ DBD::Pg Ä£¿éµÄ DBI£¬oid Öµ¿ÉÒÔÍ¨¹ý $sth->execute() ºóµÄ $sth->{pg_oid_status} »ñµÃ¡£ 
         
-        4.15.3) Ê¹ÓÃ currval() ºÍ nextval() »áµ¼ÖÂÒ»¸öÓëÆäËûÓÃ»§Ö®¼äµÄÎÉÂÒÇé¿öÂð£¿
          
-        ²»»á¡£currval() ·µ»ØºóÌ¨½ø³Ì¶ø²»ÊÇËùÓÐÓÃ»§¸³ÓèµÄµ±Ç°Öµ¡£
          
-        
-        4.15.4)           
-           ÎªÊ²Ã´²»ÔÚÊÂÎñÒì³£ÖÐÖ¹ºóÖØÓÃÐòÁÐºÅÄØ£¿ÎªÊ²Ã´ÔÚÐòÁÐºÅ×Ö¶ÎµÄÈ¡ÖµÖÐ´æÔÚ¼ä¶ÏÄØ£¿
-        ÎªÁËÌá¸ß²¢·¢ÐÔ£¬ÐòÁÐºÅÔÚÐèÒªµÄÊ±ºò¸³ÓèÕýÔÚÔËÐÐµÄÊÂÎñ£¬²¢ÇÒÖ»ÔÚÊÂÎñ½áÊøÖ®Ç°²»·âËø¡£Õâ¾Í»áµ¼ÖÂØ²ÕÛÊÂÎñºóµÄÐòÁÐºÅ³öÏÖ¼ä¸ô¡£
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-        4.16) Ê²Ã´ÊÇ OID£¿Ê²Ã´ÊÇ TID£¿          
-        OID ÊÇ PostgreSQL ÖÐÐÐµÄÎ¨Ò»±êÊ¶¡£PostgreSQL Àï´´½¨µÄÃ¿Ò»ÐÐ¶¼»ñµÃÒ»¸öÎ¨Ò»µÄ OID¡£ËùÓÐÔÚ initdb ¹ý³ÌÖÐ´´½¨µÄ OID ¶¼Ð¡ÓÚ 16384 £¨²Î¼û include/access/transam.h£©¡£ËùÓÐÓÃ»§´´½¨µÄ OID ¶¼´óÓÚ»òµÈÓÚÕâ¸öÖµ¡£È±Ê¡Ê±£¬ËùÓÐÕâÐ© OID ²»½öÔÚÒ»¸ö±í»òÒ»¸öÊý¾Ý¿âÀïÃæÎ¨Ò»£¬¶øÇÒÔÚÕû¸ö PostgreSQL °²×°ÀïÒ²ÊÇÎ¨Ò»µÄ¡£ 
         
-        
-        PostgreSQL ÔÚËüµÄÄÚ²¿ÏµÍ³±íÀïÊ¹ÓÃ OID ÔÚ±íÖ®¼ä½¨Á¢ÁªÏµ¡£ÕâÐ© OID ¿ÉÒÔÓÃÓÚ±êÊ¶ÌØ¶¨µÄÓÃ»§ÐÐÒÔ¼°ÓÃÔÚÁ¬½ÓÀï¡£½¨ÒéÊ¹ÓÃ×Ö¶ÎÀàÐÍ OID ´æ´¢ OID Öµ¡£¿ÉÒÔÔÚ OID ×Ö¶ÎÉÏ´´½¨Ò»¸öË÷ÒýÒÔ¿ìËÙ·ÃÎÊ¡£ 
         
-        
-        OID ´ÓÒ»¸ö±»ËùÓÐÊý¾Ý¿âÊ¹ÓÃµÄÖÐÐÄÇøÓòÀï¸³Öµ¸øËùÓÐÐÂÐÐ¡£Èç¹ûÄãÏë°Ñ OID ¸Ä³É±ðµÄÖµ£¬»òÕßÏë×öÒ»·Ý±íµÄ´øÔÊ¼ OID µÄ¿½±´£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔ×öµ½£º 
         
-        
-            CREATE TABLE new(old_oid oid, mycol int);
          
-            SELECT old_oid, mycol INTO new FROM old;
          
-            COPY new TO '/tmp/pgtable';
          
-            DELETE FROM new;
          
-            COPY new WITH OIDS FROM '/tmp/pgtable';
          
-        
-        OID ÓÃ4×Ö½ÚµÄÕûÊý±£´æ£¬ÔÚ³¬¹ý40ÒÚÊ±½«Òç³ö¡£Ã»ÓÐÈË±¨¸æ³öÏÖ¹ýÒç³ö£¬¶øÎÒÃÇ´òËãÔÚÓÐÈË±¨¸æÖ®Ç°Ïû³ýÕâ¸öÏÞÖÆ¡£
          
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-        4.17) PostgreSQL Ê¹ÓÃµÄÒ»Ð©ÊõÓïµÄº¬ÒåÊÇÊ²Ã´£¿
          
-        Ò»Ð©Ô´´úÂëºÍÒ»Ð©¾ÉÒ»µãµÄÎÄµµÊ¹ÓÃÒ»Ð©ÓÐ¸ü³£ÓÃÓÃ·¨µÄÊõÓï¡£ÏÂÃæÊÇÆäÖÐÒ»²¿·Ö£º 
-            table, relation, class 
         
-            row, record, tuple 
         
-            column, field, attribute 
         
-            retrieve, select 
         
-            replace, update 
         
-            append, insert 
         
-            OID, serial value 
         
-            portal, cursor 
         
-            range variable, table name, table alias 
         
-        
-        ÓÐÒ»¸öÍ¨ÓÃÊý¾Ý¿âÊõÓïµÄÁÐ±í£ºhttp://hea-www.harvard.edu/MST/simul/software/docs/pkgs/pgsql/glossary/glossary.html 
-        ¡£  
-        4.18)           
-           ÎªÊ²Ã´ÎÒÊÕµ½´íÎó¡°ERROR: Memory exhausted in AllocSetAlloc()¡±£¿
-        ÕâºÜ¿ÉÄÜÊÇÏµÍ³µÄÐéÄâÄÚ´æÓÃ¹âÁË£¬»òÕßÄÚºË¶ÔÄ³Ð©×ÊÔ´ÓÐ½ÏµÍµÄÏÞÖÆÖµ¡£ÔÚÆô¶¯ postmaster Ö®Ç°ÊÔÊÔÏÂÃæµÄÃüÁî£º 
         
-        
-            ulimit -d 262144
          
-            limit datasize 256m
          
-        
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-        4.19)           
-           ÎÒÈçºÎ²ÅÄÜÖªµÀËùÔËÐÐµÄ PostgreSQL µÄ°æ±¾£¿          
-        ´Ó psql Àï£¬¼üÈë SELECT version()£»
          
-        
-        4.20)           
-           ÎªÊ²Ã´ÎÒµÄ´ó¶ÔÏó²Ù×÷µ¼ÖÂ´íÎó¡°invalid large obj descriptor¡±£¨·Ç·¨µÄ´ó¶ÔÏóÃèÊö·û£©£¿          
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+    4.7) ÈçºÎ²é¿´±í¡¢Ë÷Òý¡¢Êý¾Ý¿âÒÔ¼°ÓÃ»§µÄ¶¨Òå£¿
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+    4.8) ÎÒµÄ²éÑ¯ºÜÂý»òÕßÃ»ÓÐÀûÓÃË÷Òý¡£ÎªÊ²Ã´£¿
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+    Ë÷ÒýÍ¨³£²»ÓÃÓÚ ORDER BY »òÖ´ÐÐÁ¬½Ó¡£¶ÔÒ»¸ö´ó±íµÄÒ»´ÎË³ÐòÉ¨Ãè£¬ÔÙ×öÒ»¸öÏÔÊ½µÄÅÅÐòÍ¨³£±ÈË÷ÒýÉ¨ÃèÒª¿ì¡£
+
+    µ«ÊÇ£¬ÔÚ LIMIT ºÍ ORDER BY ½áºÏÊ¹ÓÃÊ±¾³£»áÊ¹ÓÃË÷Òý£¬ÒòÎªÖ»»á·µ»Ø±íµÄÒ»Ð¡²¿·Ö¡£Êµ¼ÊÉÏ£¬ËäÈ» MAX() ºÍ MIN() ²¢²»Ê¹ÓÃË÷Òý£¬Í¨¹ý¶Ô ORDER BY ºÍ LLIMIT Ê¹ÓÃË÷ÒýÈ¡µÃ×î´óÖµºÍ×îÐ¡ÖµÒ²ÊÇ¿ÉÒÔµÄ£º
+    
+         SELECT col
+         FROM tab
+         ORDER BY col [ DESC ]
+         LIMIT 1;
+
+    µ±Ê¹ÓÃÍ¨Åä·û²Ù×÷£¬ÀýÈç LIKE »ò ~ Ê±£¬Ë÷ÒýÖ»ÄÜÔÚÌØ¶¨µÄÇé¿öÏÂÊ¹ÓÃ£º  
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+      ×Ö·û´®µÄ¿ªÊ¼²¿·Ö±ØÐëÊÇÆÕÍ¨×Ö·û´®£¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇËµ£º
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+      ´óÐ¡Ð´ÎÞ¹ØµÄ²éÕÒ£¬Èç ILIKE ºÍ ~* µÈ²»Ê¹ÓÃË÷Òý¡£µ«¿ÉÒÔÓÃ 4.12 ½ÚÃèÊöµÄº¯ÊýË÷Òý¡£
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+      ÔÚ×ö initdb Ê±±ØÐë²ÉÓÃÈ±Ê¡µÄ±¾µØÉèÖÃ C locale¡£
+    
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+    4.9) ÎÒÈçºÎ²ÅÄÜ¿´µ½²éÑ¯ÓÅ»¯Æ÷ÊÇÔõÑù´¦ÀíÎÒµÄ²éÑ¯µÄ£¿
+    ²Î¿¼ EXPLAIN ÊÖ²áÒ³¡£ 
+
+    4.10) R-tree Ë÷ÒýÊÇÊ²Ã´£¿
+
+    R-tree Ë÷ÒýÓÃÓÚË÷Òý¿Õ¼äÊý¾Ý¡£Ò»¸ö¹þÏ£Ë÷ÒýÎÞ·¨´¦Àí·¶Î§ËÑË÷¡£¶ø B-tree Ë÷ÒýÖ»ÄÜ´¦ÀíÒ»Î¬µÄ·¶Î§ËÑË÷¡£R-tree Ë÷Òý¿ÉÒÔ´¦Àí¶àÎ¬Êý¾Ý¡£ÀýÈç£¬Èç¹û¿ÉÒÔÔÚÒ»¸öÀàÐÍÎª point µÄ×Ö¶ÎÉÏ½¨Á¢Ò»¸ö R-tree Ë÷Òý£¬ÄÇÃ´ÏµÍ³ÄÜ¸ü¸ßÐ§µØ»Ø´ðÀàËÆ ¡°Ñ¡ÔñÔÚÒ»¸ö³¤·½ÐÎ·¶Î§ÄÚµÄËùÓÐµã¡±¡£
+    
+     ÃèÊö×î³õµÄ R-Tree Éè¼ÆµÄÕýÊ½ÂÛÎÄÊÇ£º
+    
+     Guttman, A. "R-Trees: A Dynamic Index Structure for Spatial Searching." Proc of the 1984 ACM SIGMOD Int'l Conf on Mgmt of Data, 45-57.
+    
+     Äã»¹¿ÉÒÔÔÚ Stonebraker µÄ¡°Readings in Database Systems¡±ÀïÕÒµ½ÕâÆªÎÄÕÂ¡£
+    
+     ÏµÍ³ÄÚÖÃµÄ R-Tree ¿ÉÒÔ´¦Àí¶à±ßÐÎºÍ·½ÐÎ¡£ÀíÂÛÉÏËµ£¬R-tree ¿ÉÒÔÀ©Õ¹Îª´¦Àí¸ü¶àÎ¬Êý¡£²»¹ýÔÚÊµ¼ùÉÏ£¬À©Õ¹ R-trees ÐèÒªÒ»¶¨µÄ¹¤×÷Á¿£¬¶øÎÒÃÇÄ¿Ç°Ã»ÓÐÈçºÎ×öµÄÎÄµµ¡£
+
+    4.11) Ê²Ã´ÊÇ»ùÒò²éÑ¯ÓÅ»¯£¨Genetic Query Optimization£©£¿
+
+    GEQO Ä£¿é²ÉÓÃ»ùÒòËã·¨£¨Genetic Algorithm£¬GA£©¼Ó¿ì¶à±íÁ¬½ÓµÄ²éÑ¯ÓÅ»¯¡£ËüÔÊÐíÍ¨¹ý·ÇÇî¾ÙËÑË÷´¦Àí´óµÄÁ¬½Ó²éÑ¯¡£
+
+    4.12) ÎÒÔõÑù×öÕýÔò±í´ïÊ½ËÑË÷ºÍ´óÐ¡Ð´ÎÞ¹ØµÄÕýÔò±í´ïÊ½ËÑË÷£¿ÔõÑùÀûÓÃË÷Òý½øÐÐ´óÐ¡Ð´ÎÞ¹ØËÑË÷£¿
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+    
+     ´óÐ¡Ð´ÎÞ¹ØµÄµÈÊ½±È½ÏÍ¨³£Ð´×ö£º
+    
+         SELECT *
+         FROM tab
+         WHERE lower(col) = 'abc';
+    
+     ÕâÑù½«²»»áÊ¹ÓÃ±ê×¼µÄË÷Òý¡£µ«ÊÇ¿ÉÒÔ´´½¨Ò»¸ö¿É±»ÀûÓÃµÄº¯ÊýË÷Òý:
+    
+         CREATE INDEX tabindex ON tab (lower(col));
+
+    4.13) ÔÚÒ»¸ö²éÑ¯Àï£¬ÎÒÔõÑù¼ì²âÒ»¸ö×Ö¶ÎÊÇ·ñÎª NULL£¿
+
+    ÓÃ IS NULL ºÍ IS NOT NULL ²âÊÔÕâ¸ö×Ö¶Î¡£ 
+    
+
+    4.14) ¸÷ÖÖ×Ö·ûÀàÐÍÖ®¼äÓÐÊ²Ã´²»Í¬£¿
+
+      ÀàÐÍ            ÄÚ²¿Ãû³Æ    ËµÃ÷
+       --------------------------------------------------
+       "char"        char         1¸ö×Ö·û character
+       CHAR(#)      bpchar       ¶¨³¤×Ö·û´®£¬Êµ¼ÊÊý¾Ý²»×ã¶¨Òå³¤¶ÈÊ±£¬ÒÔ¿Õ¸ñ²¹Æë
+       VARCHAR(#)  varchar     Ö¸¶¨ÁË×î´ó³¤¶È£¬±ä³¤×Ö·û´®£¬²»×ã¶¨Òå³¤¶ÈµÄ²¿·Ö²»²¹Æë
+       TEXT           text         ´®³¤¶È½öÊÜÐÐµÄ×î´ó³¤¶ÈÏÞÖÆ
+       BYTEA          bytea       ±ä³¤×Ö½ÚÐòÁÐ£¨±ä³¤µÄ¶þ½øÖÆÊý¾Ý£©
+    
+     ÔÚÏµÍ³±íºÍÔÚÒ»Ð©´íÎóÐÅÏ¢ÀïÄã½«¿´µ½ÄÚ²¿Ãû³Æ¡£ 
+    
+     ÉÏÃæ×îºóËÄÖÖÀàÐÍÊÇ"varlena"£¨±ä³¤£©ÀàÐÍ£¨Ò²¾ÍÊÇËµ£¬¿ªÍ·µÄËÄ¸ö×Ö½ÚÊÇ³¤¶È£¬ºóÃæ²ÅÊÇÊý¾Ý£©¡£ÓÚÊÇÊµ¼ÊÕ¼ÓÃµÄ¿Õ¼ä±ÈÉùÃ÷µÄ´óÐ¡Òª¶àÒ»Ð©¡£È»¶øÕâÐ©ÀàÐÍ¶¼¿ÉÒÔ±»Ñ¹Ëõ´æ´¢£¬Ò²¿ÉÒÔÓÃ TOAST ÍÑ»ú´æ´¢£¬Òò´Ë´ÅÅÌ¿Õ¼äÒ²¿ÉÄÜ±ÈÔ¤ÏëµÄÒªÉÙ¡£
+    
+     CHAR(n) ×îÊÊºÏÓÚ´æ´¢³¤¶È»ù±¾²î²»¶àµÄ×Ö·û´®¡£VARCHAR(n) ÔÚ´æ´¢ÏÞÖÆÁË×î´ó³¤¶ÈµÄ±ä³¤×Ö·û´®ÊÇ×îºÃµÄ¡£TEXT ÊÊÓÃÓÚ´æ´¢²»ÏÞÖÆ³¤¶ÈµÄ×Ö·û´®£¬×î´ó¿É´ï 1G¡£BYTEA ÓÃÓÚ´æ´¢¶þ½øÖÆÊý¾Ý£¬ÓÈÆäÊÇ°üº¬ NULL ×Ö½Ú£¨¶þ½øÖÆµÄ0£©µÄÖµ¡£ÕâÐ©ÀàÐÍ¾ßÓÐÀàÐÍµÄÐÔÄÜ¡£
+
+    4.15.1) ÎÒÔõÑù´´½¨Ò»¸öÐòÁÐºÅ/×Ô¶¯µÝÔöµÄ×Ö¶Î£¿
+
+    PostgreSQL Ö§³Ö SERIAL Êý¾ÝÀàÐÍ¡£ËüÔÚ×Ö¶ÎÉÏ×Ô¶¯´´½¨Ò»¸öÐòÁÐºÍË÷Òý¡£ÀýÈç£¬
+         CREATE TABLE person ( 
+             id SERIAL, 
+             name TEXT 
+             );
+    
+     »á×Ô¶¯×ª»»Îª£º 
+         
+         CREATE SEQUENCE person_id_seq;
+         CREATE TABLE person ( 
+             id INT4 NOT NULL DEFAULT nextval('person_id_seq'),
+             name TEXT 
+             );
+         CREATE UNIQUE INDEX person_id_key ON person ( id );
+    
+     ²Î¿¼ create_sequence ÊÖ²áÒ³»ñÈ¡¹ØÓÚÐòÁÐµÄ¸ü¶àÐÅÏ¢¡£Äã»¹¿ÉÒÔÓÃÃ¿ÐÐµÄ oid ×Ö¶Î×÷ÎªÒ»¸öÎ¨Ò»Öµ¡£²»¹ý£¬Èç¹ûÄãÐèÒªÇãµ¹ºÍÖØÔØÊý¾Ý¿â£¬ÄãÐèÒªÊ¹ÓÃ pg_dump µÄ -o Ñ¡Ïî»òÕß COPY WITH OIDS Ñ¡ÏîÒÔ±£Áô OID¡£ 
+
+    4.15.2) ÎÒÈçºÎ»ñµÃÒ»¸ö²åÈëµÄÐòÁÐºÅµÄÖµ£¿
+
+    Ò»ÖÖ·½·¨ÊÇÔÚ²åÈëÖ®Ç°ÏÈÓÃº¯Êý nextval() ´ÓÐòÁÐ¶ÔÏóÀï¼ìË÷³öÏÂÒ»¸ö SERIAL Öµ£¬È»ºóÔÙÏÔÊ½²åÈë¡£Ê¹ÓÃ 4.15.1 ÀïµÄÀý±í£¬¿ÉÓÃÎ±ÂëÕâÑùÃèÊö£º 
+    
+         new_id = execute("SELECT nextval('person_id_seq')");
+         execute("INSERT INTO person (id, name) VALUES (new_id, 'Blaise Pascal')");
+    
+     ÕâÑù»¹ÄÜÔÚÆäËû²éÑ¯ÖÐÊ¹ÓÃ´æ·ÅÔÚ new_id ÀïµÄÐÂÖµ£¨ÀýÈç£¬×÷Îª person ±íµÄÍâ¼ü£©¡£×¢Òâ×Ô¶¯´´½¨µÄ SEQUENCE ¶ÔÏóµÄÃû³Æ½«»áÊÇ <table>_<serialcolumn>_seq£¬ÕâÀï table ºÍ serialcolumn ·Ö±ðÊÇÄãµÄ±íµÄÃû³ÆºÍÄãµÄ SERIAL ×Ö¶ÎµÄÃû³Æ¡£ 
+    
+     ÀàËÆµÄ£¬ÔÚ SERIAL ¶ÔÏóÈ±Ê¡²åÈëºóÄã¿ÉÒÔÓÃº¯Êý currval() ¼ìË÷¸Õ¸³ÖµµÄ SERIAL Öµ£¬ÀýÈç£¬ 
+    
+         execute("INSERT INTO person (name) VALUES ('Blaise Pascal')");
+         new_id = execute("SELECT currval('person_id_seq')");
+    
+     ×îºó£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔÊ¹ÓÃ´Ó INSERT Óï¾ä·µ»ØµÄ OID ²éÕÒÈ±Ê¡Öµ£¬¾¡¹ÜÕâ¿ÉÄÜÊÇ×îÈ±·¦ÒÆÖ²ÐÔµÄ·½·¨¡£ÔÚ Perl Àï£¬Ê¹ÓÃ´øÓÐ Edmund Mergl µÄ DBD::Pg Ä£¿éµÄ DBI£¬oid Öµ¿ÉÒÔÍ¨¹ý $sth->execute() ºóµÄ $sth->{pg_oid_status} »ñµÃ¡£ 
+
+    4.15.3) Ê¹ÓÃ currval() ºÍ nextval() »áµ¼ÖÂÒ»¸öÓëÆäËûÓÃ»§Ö®¼äµÄÎÉÂÒÇé¿öÂð£¿
+
+    ²»»á¡£currval() ·µ»ØºóÌ¨½ø³Ì¶ø²»ÊÇËùÓÐÓÃ»§¸³ÓèµÄµ±Ç°Öµ¡£
+    
+
+    4.15.4) ÎªÊ²Ã´²»ÔÚÊÂÎñÒì³£ÖÐÖ¹ºóÖØÓÃÐòÁÐºÅÄØ£¿ÎªÊ²Ã´ÔÚÐòÁÐºÅ×Ö¶ÎµÄÈ¡ÖµÖÐ´æÔÚ¼ä¶ÏÄØ£¿
+
+    ÎªÁËÌá¸ß²¢·¢ÐÔ£¬ÐòÁÐºÅÔÚÐèÒªµÄÊ±ºò¸³ÓèÕýÔÚÔËÐÐµÄÊÂÎñ£¬²¢ÇÒÖ»ÔÚÊÂÎñ½áÊøÖ®Ç°²»·âËø¡£Õâ¾Í»áµ¼ÖÂØ²ÕÛÊÂÎñºóµÄÐòÁÐºÅ³öÏÖ¼ä¸ô¡£
+
+    
+     4.16) Ê²Ã´ÊÇ OID£¿Ê²Ã´ÊÇ TID£¿
+
+    OID ÊÇ PostgreSQL ÖÐÐÐµÄÎ¨Ò»±êÊ¶¡£PostgreSQL Àï´´½¨µÄÃ¿Ò»ÐÐ¶¼»ñµÃÒ»¸öÎ¨Ò»µÄ OID¡£ËùÓÐÔÚ initdb ¹ý³ÌÖÐ´´½¨µÄ OID ¶¼Ð¡ÓÚ 16384 £¨²Î¼û include/access/transam.h£©¡£ËùÓÐÓÃ»§´´½¨µÄ OID ¶¼´óÓÚ»òµÈÓÚÕâ¸öÖµ¡£È±Ê¡Ê±£¬ËùÓÐÕâÐ© OID ²»½öÔÚÒ»¸ö±í»òÒ»¸öÊý¾Ý¿âÀïÃæÎ¨Ò»£¬¶øÇÒÔÚÕû¸ö PostgreSQL °²×°ÀïÒ²ÊÇÎ¨Ò»µÄ¡£ 
+    
+     PostgreSQL ÔÚËüµÄÄÚ²¿ÏµÍ³±íÀïÊ¹ÓÃ OID ÔÚ±íÖ®¼ä½¨Á¢ÁªÏµ¡£ÕâÐ© OID ¿ÉÒÔÓÃÓÚ±êÊ¶ÌØ¶¨µÄÓÃ»§ÐÐÒÔ¼°ÓÃÔÚÁ¬½ÓÀï¡£½¨ÒéÊ¹ÓÃ×Ö¶ÎÀàÐÍ OID ´æ´¢ OID Öµ¡£¿ÉÒÔÔÚ OID ×Ö¶ÎÉÏ´´½¨Ò»¸öË÷ÒýÒÔ¿ìËÙ·ÃÎÊ¡£ 
+    
+     OID ´ÓÒ»¸ö±»ËùÓÐÊý¾Ý¿âÊ¹ÓÃµÄÖÐÐÄÇøÓòÀï¸³Öµ¸øËùÓÐÐÂÐÐ¡£Èç¹ûÄãÏë°Ñ OID ¸Ä³É±ðµÄÖµ£¬»òÕßÏë×öÒ»·Ý±íµÄ´øÔÊ¼ OID µÄ¿½±´£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔ×öµ½£º 
+    
+         CREATE TABLE new(old_oid oid, mycol int);
+         SELECT old_oid, mycol INTO new FROM old;
+         COPY new TO '/tmp/pgtable';
+         DELETE FROM new;
+         COPY new WITH OIDS FROM '/tmp/pgtable';
+    
+     OID ÓÃ4×Ö½ÚµÄÕûÊý±£´æ£¬ÔÚ³¬¹ý40ÒÚÊ±½«Òç³ö¡£Ã»ÓÐÈË±¨¸æ³öÏÖ¹ýÒç³ö£¬¶øÎÒÃÇ´òËãÔÚÓÐÈË±¨¸æÖ®Ç°Ïû³ýÕâ¸öÏÞÖÆ¡£
+    
+     TID ÓÃÓÚ±êÊ¶´ø×ÅÊý¾Ý¿é£¨µØÖ·£©ºÍ£¨¿éÄÚ£©Æ«ÒÆµÄÌØ¶¨µÄÎïÀíÐÐ¡£TID ÔÚÐÐ±»¸ü¸Ä»òÖØÔØºó·¢Éú¸Ä±ä¡£Ë÷ÒýÈë¿ÚÊ¹ÓÃËüÃÇÖ¸ÏòÎïÀíÐÐ¡£
+
+    4.17) PostgreSQL Ê¹ÓÃµÄÒ»Ð©ÊõÓïµÄº¬ÒåÊÇÊ²Ã´£¿
+
+    Ò»Ð©Ô´´úÂëºÍÒ»Ð©¾ÉÒ»µãµÄÎÄµµÊ¹ÓÃÒ»Ð©ÓÐ¸ü³£ÓÃÓÃ·¨µÄÊõÓï¡£ÏÂÃæÊÇÆäÖÐÒ»²¿·Ö£º 
+         table, relation, class 
+         row, record, tuple 
+         column, field, attribute 
+         retrieve, select 
+         replace, update 
+         append, insert 
+         OID, serial value 
+         portal, cursor 
+         range variable, table name, table alias 
+    
+     ÓÐÒ»¸öÍ¨ÓÃÊý¾Ý¿âÊõÓïµÄÁÐ±í£ºhttp://hea-www.harvard.edu/MST/simul/software/docs/pkgs/pgsql/glossary/glossary.html ¡£  
+
+    4.18) ÎªÊ²Ã´ÎÒÊÕµ½´íÎó¡°ERROR: Memory exhausted in AllocSetAlloc()¡±£¿
+
+    ÕâºÜ¿ÉÄÜÊÇÏµÍ³µÄÐéÄâÄÚ´æÓÃ¹âÁË£¬»òÕßÄÚºË¶ÔÄ³Ð©×ÊÔ´ÓÐ½ÏµÍµÄÏÞÖÆÖµ¡£ÔÚÆô¶¯ postmaster Ö®Ç°ÊÔÊÔÏÂÃæµÄÃüÁî£º 
+    
+         ulimit -d 262144
+         limit datasize 256m
+    
+     È¡¾öÓÚÄãÓÃµÄ shell£¬ÉÏÃæÃüÁîÖ»ÓÐÒ»ÌõÄÜ³É¹¦£¬µ«ÊÇËü½«°ÑÄãµÄ½ø³ÌÊý¾Ý¶ÎÏÞÖÆÉèµÃ±È½Ï¸ß£¬Òò¶øÒ²ÐíÄÜÈÃ²éÑ¯Íê³É¡£ÕâÌõÃüÁîÓ¦ÓÃÓÚµ±Ç°½ø³Ì£¬ÒÔ¼°ËùÓÐÔÚÕâÌõÃüÁîÔËÐÐºó´´½¨µÄ×Ó½ø³Ì¡£Èç¹ûÄãÊÇÔÚÔËÐÐSQL¿Í»§¶ËÊ±ÒòÎªºóÌ¨·µ»ØÁËÌ«¶àµÄÊý¾Ý¶ø³öÏÖÎÊÌâ£¬ÇëÔÚÔËÐÐ¿Í»§¶ËÖ®Ç°Ö´ÐÐÉÏÊöÃüÁî¡£
+
+    4.19) ÎÒÈçºÎ²ÅÄÜÖªµÀËùÔËÐÐµÄ PostgreSQL µÄ°æ±¾£¿
+
+    ´Ó psql Àï£¬¼üÈë SELECT version()£»
+    
+
+    4.20) ÎªÊ²Ã´ÎÒµÄ´ó¶ÔÏó²Ù×÷µ¼ÖÂ´íÎó¡°invalid large obj descriptor¡±£¨·Ç·¨µÄ´ó¶ÔÏóÃèÊö·û£©£¿
+
+    ÄãÐèÒªÔÚÊ¹ÓÃÈÎºÎ´ó¶ÔÏó¾ä±úµÄÇ°ºó·ÅÉÏ BEGIN WORK ºÍ COMMIT£¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇËµ£¬°üÎ§ lo_open ... lo_close¡£ 
+    
+     Ä¿Ç° PostgreSQL Ç¿ÖÆÊµÊ©ÕâÌõ¹æÔò£ºÔÚÊÂÎñÌá½»Ê±¹Ø±Õ´ó¶ÔÏó¾ä±ú£¬ÕâÑù£¬£¨Ã»ÓÐ²ÉÓÃÊÂÎñÊ±£©£¬Ê×´Î¶Ô´ó¶ÔÏó¾ä±ú×öÈÎºÎÊÂÇéµÄÆóÍ¼¶¼»áµ¼ÖÂÒ»¸ö invalid large obj descriptor¡£ËùÒÔ£¬Èç¹ûÄãÃ»ÓÐÊ¹ÓÃÒ»¸öÊÂÎñ£¬ÒÔÇ°ÄÜ¹¤×÷µÄ´úÂë£¨ÖÁÉÙÊÇ´ó¶àÊýÊ±¼ä£©½«»áÉú³ÉÕâÃ´Ò»¸ö´íÎóÐÅÏ¢¡£ 
+    
+     Èç¹ûÄãÊ¹ÓÃ¿Í»§¶Ë½Ó¿Ú£¬Èç ODBC£¬Äã¿ÉÄÜÐèÒª set auto-commit off¡£
+
+    4.21) ÎÒÈçºÎ´´½¨Ò»¸öÈ±Ê¡ÖµÊÇµ±Ç°Ê±¼äµÄ×Ö¶Î£¿
+
+    Ê¹ÓÃ CURRENT_TIMESTAMP£º
+    
+         CREATE TABLE test(x int, modtime timestamp DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP);
+
+    4.22) ÎªÊ²Ã´Ê¹ÓÃ IN µÄ×Ó²éÑ¯ÕâÃ´Âý£¿
+
+    Ä¿Ç°£¬ÎÒÃÇÍ¨¹ýÎªÍâ²éÑ¯µÄÃ¿Ò»ÐÐË³ÐòÉ¨Ãè×Ó²éÑ¯µÄ½á¹ûÀ´Á¬½Ó×Ó²éÑ¯ºÍÍâ²éÑ¯¡£Èç¹û×Ó²éÑ¯·µ»ØÉÙÊý¼¸ÐÐ£¬¶øÍâ²éÑ¯·µ»ØºÜ¶àÐÐ£¬IN Ö´ÐÐµÃºÜ¿ì¡£ÎªÁË¼Ó¿ìÆäËû IN ²éÑ¯µÄÖ´ÐÐ£¬¿ÉÒÔÓÃ EXISTS Ìæ»» IN£º 
+    
+         SELECT *
+         FROM tab
+         WHERE col IN (SELECT subcol FROM subtab);
+    
+     ¸ÄÎª£º 
+    
+         SELECT *
+         FROM tab
+         WHERE EXISTS (SELECT subcol FROM subtab WHERE subcol = col);
+    
+     ºóÕßÒªÏëÖ´ÐÐµÃ¸ü¿ì£¬subcol Ó¦¸ÃÊÇÒ»¸öË÷ÒýÁÐ¡£ÎÒÃÇÏ£ÍûÔÚÎ´À´µÄ·¢²¼°æ±¾ÖÐÐÞ²¹Õâ¸öÏÞÖÆ¡£
+
+    4.23) ÎÒÔõÑù½øÐÐ outer join £¨ÍâÁ¬½Ó£©£¿
+
+    PostgreSQL ²ÉÓÃ±ê×¼µÄ SQL Óï·¨Ö§³ÖÍâÁ¬½Ó¡£ÕâÀïÊÇÁ½¸öÀý×Ó£º
+    
+         SELECT *
+         FROM t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN t2 ON (t1.col = t2.col);
+    
+     »ò 
+         SELECT *
+         FROM t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN t2 USING (col);
+    
+     ÕâÁ½¸öµÈ¼ÛµÄ²éÑ¯ÔÚ t1.col ºÍ t2.col ÉÏ×öÁ¬½Ó£¬²¢ÇÒ·µâ»?t1 ÖÐËùÓÐÎ´Á¬½ÓµÄÐÐ£¨ÄÇÐ©ÔÚ t2 ÖÐÃ»ÓÐÆ¥ÅäµÄÐÐ£©¡£ÓÒ[Íâ]Á¬½Ó(RIGHT OUTER JOIN)½«·µ»Ø t2 ÖÐÎ´Á¬½ÓµÄÐÐ¡£ÍêÈ«ÍâÁ¬½Ó£¨FULL OUTER JOIN£©½«·µ»Ø t1 ºÍ t2 ÖÐÎ´Á¬½ÓµÄÐÐ¡£¹Ø¼ü×Ö OUTER ÔÚ×ó[Íâ]Á¬½Ó¡¢ÓÒ[Íâ]Á¬½ÓºÍÍêÈ«[Íâ]Á¬½ÓÖÐÊÇ¿ÉÑ¡µÄ£¬ÆÕÍ¨Á¬½Ó±»³ÉÎªÄÚÁ¬½Ó£¨INNER JOIN£©¡£
+    
+     ÔÚ´ËÇ°µÄ°æ±¾ÖÐ£¬ÍâÁ¬½Ó¿ÉÒÔÓÃ UNION ºÍ NOT IN À´Ä£Äâ¡£ÀýÈç£¬ÏÂÃæµÄÀý×ÓÔÚ±í tab1 ºÍ tab2 Ö®¼ä×öÍâÁ¬½Ó£º
+    
+         SELECT tab1.col1, tab2.col2
+         FROM tab1, tab2
+         WHERE tab1.col1 = tab2.col1
+    
+         UNION ALL
+    
+         SELECT tab1.col1, NULL
+         FROM tab1
+         WHERE tab1.col1 NOT IN (SELECT tab2.col1 FROM tab2)
+         ORDER BY col1
+
+    4.24) ÈçºÎÊ¹ÓÃÉæ¼°¶à¸öÊý¾Ý¿âµÄ²éÑ¯£¿
+
+    Ã»ÓÐ°ì·¨²éÑ¯µ±Ç°Êý¾Ý¿âÖ®ÍâµÄÊý¾Ý¿â¡£ÒòÎª PostgreSQL ¼ÓÔØÊý¾Ý¿âÏà¹ØµÄÏµÍ³Ä¿Â¼£¨ÏµÍ³±í£©£¬¿çÊý¾Ý¿âµÄ²éÑ¯ÈçºÎÖ´ÐÐÒ²Î´Ã÷È·¡£
+    
+     contrib/dblink ÔÊÐí²ÉÓÃº¯Êýµ÷ÓÃÊµÏÖ¿ç¿â²éÑ¯¡£µ±È»¿ÉÒÔÍ¬Ê±Á¬½Óµ½²»Í¬µÄÊý¾Ý¿â²¢ÔÚ¿Í»§¶ËºÏ²¢½á¹û¡£
+
+    4.25) ÈçºÎÈÃº¯Êý·µ»Ø¶àÐÐ»ò¶àÁÐ£¿
+
+    ¿ÉÒÔÔÚ PL/pgSQL º¯ÊýÖÐÊ¹ÓÃ refcursors ·µ»Ø½á¹û¼¯¡£²Î¿´ http://www.PostgreSQL.org/idocs/index.php?plpgsql-cursors.html, 23.7.3.3½Ú¡£
+    
+
+    4.26) ÎªÊ²Ã´ÔÚ PL/PgSQL º¯ÊýÖÐ²»ÄÜ¿É¿¿µØ´´½¨»òÉ¾³ýÁÙÊ±±í£¿
+
+    PL/PgSQL »º´æº¯ÊýµÄÄÚÈÝ£¬ÓÉ´Ë´øÀ´µÄÒ»¸ö²»ºÃµÄ¸±×÷ÓÃÊÇÈôÒ»¸ö PL/PgSQL º¯Êý·ÃÎÊÁËÒ»¸öÁÙÊ±±í£¬È»ºó¸Ã±í±»É¾³ý²¢ÖØ½¨ÁË£¬ÔòÔÙ´Îµ÷ÓÃ¸Ãº¯Êý½«Ê§°Ü£¬ÒòÎª»º´æµÄº¯ÊýÄÚÈÝÈÔÈ»Ö¸Ïò¾ÉµÄÁÙÊ±±í¡£½â¾öµÄ·½·¨ÊÇÔÚ PL/PgSQL ÖÐÓÃ EXECUTE ¶ÔÁÙÊ±±í½øÐÐ·ÃÎÊ¡£ÕâÑù»á±£Ö¤²éÑ¯ÔÚÖ´ÐÐÇ°×ÜÊÇÖØÐÂ·ÖÎö¡£
+
+    4.27) ÓÐÄÄÐ©Êý¾Ý¸´ÖÆÑ¡Ïî£¿
+
+    ÓÐ¼¸ÖÖÖ÷/´Ó·½Ê½µÄ¸´ÖÆÑ¡Ïî¡£ÕâÐ©Ñ¡ÏîÖ»ÔÊÐíÖ÷Êý¾Ý¿â½øÐÐ¸üÐÂ£¬´ÓÊý¾Ý¿âÖ»ÄÜ½øÐÐ¶Á¡£ÍøÒ³ http://gborg.PostgreSQL.org/genpage?replication_research  µÄ×îºóÁÐ³öÁËÕâÐ©Ñ¡Ïî¡£ÔÚ http://gborg.PostgreSQL.org/project/pgreplication/projdisplay.php ÕýÔÚ½øÐÐÒ»¸ö¶àÖ÷±¾¸´ÖÆµÄ½â¾ö·½°¸¡£
+
+    4.28) ÓÐÄÄÐ©Êý¾Ý¼ÓÃÜÑ¡Ïî£¿
+
+    contrib/pgcrypto °üº¬ÁËºÜ¶àÔÚ SQL ²éÑ¯ÖÐÊ¹ÓÃµÄ¼ÓÃÜº¯Êý¡£¼ÓÃÜ¿Í»§¶Ëµ½·þÎñÆ÷¶Ë´«ÊäÊý¾ÝµÄÎ¨Ò»·½·¨ÊÇÔÚ pg_hba.conf ÖÐ²ÉÓÃ hostss ¡£ 
+    
+     7.3 °æ±¾ÖÐ×Ô¶¯¶ÔÊý¾Ý¿âÓÃ»§ÃÜÂë½øÐÐ¼ÓÃÜ¡£ÔÚÒÔÇ°µÄ°æ±¾ÖÐ£¬±ØÐëÔÚ postgresql.conf ÖÐ´ò¿ª PASSWORD_ENCRYPTION Ñ¡Ïî¡£·þÎñÆ÷¿ÉÒÔÔËÐÐÔÚ¼ÓÃÜµÄÎÄ¼þÏµÍ³ÉÏ£¨ÒÔ´ïµ½¼ÓÃÜµÄÄ¿µÄ£©¡£
+    
+     --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    À©Õ¹ PostgreSQL
+
+    5.1) ÎÒÐ´ÁËÒ»¸öÓÃ»§¶¨Òåº¯Êý¡£µ±ÎÒÔÚ psql ÀïÔËÐÐÊ±£¬ÎªÊ²Ã´»áµ¼ÖÂ core dump£¿
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author	Bruce Momjian
	Mon, 16 May 2005 02:50:20 +0000 (02:50 +0000)
committer	Bruce Momjian
	Mon, 16 May 2005 02:50:20 +0000 (02:50 +0000)
doc/FAQ_chinese		patch \| blob \| blame \| history
doc/src/FAQ/FAQ_chinese.html		patch \| blob \| blame \| history