-\r
-\r
-
PostgreSQL <span class="marked"><span class="cntrl">\r</span></span></div>
<div class="diff rem">- FAQ-ch\r
- content="text/html; charset=gb_2312-80" http-equiv="Content-Type">\r
- \r
- \r
- \r
-
PostgreSQL ³£¼ûÎÊÌ⣨FAQ£©
\r
- ×î½ü¸üУº2003 Äê 01 Ô 06 ÈÕ ÐÇÆÚÒ» 22:27:35 CST\r
-
\r
- £©
±¾ÎĵµµÄ×îа汾¿ÉÒÔÔÚhttp://www.postgresql.org/files/documentation/faqs/FAQ.html \r
- ²é¿´¡£
²Ù×÷ϵͳƽ̨Ïà¹ØµÄÎÊÌâÔÚhttp://www.postgresql.org/docs/faq/Àï»Ø´ð¡£
\r
-
\r
-
\r
-
³£¼ûÎÊÌâ
\r
- \r
- PostgreSQL ÊÇʲô£¿¸ÃÔõô·¢Òô£¿ \r
-
\r
- PostgreSQL µÄ°æȨÊÇʲô? \r
-
\r
- PostgreSQL ÔËÐÐÔÚʲô Unix ƽ̨ÉÏ£¿ \r
-
\r
- ƽ̨ÓÐÄÇЩ£¿\r
-
\r
- PostgreSQL£¿\r
-
\r
-
1.6) ÎÒ´ÓÄÄÀïÄܵõ½¶Ô \r- PostgreSQL µÄÖ§³Ö£¿ \r
-
\r
- PostgreSQL ×îеİ汾ÊÇʲô£¿ \r
-
\r
- PostgreSQL µÄÎĵµ£¿ \r
-
\r
-
1.9) ÎÒÈçºÎÁ˽âÒÑÖªµÄ BUG \r- »òȱʧµÄÌØÐÔ£¿\r
-
\r
-
1.10) ÎÒÓ¦¸ÃÔõÑùѧϰ \r- SQL £¿ \r
-
\r
- PostgreSQL ÊÇ Y2K ¼æÈݵÄÂ𣿠\r
-
\r
- ÎÒÓ¦¸ÃÔõÑù¼ÓÈ뿪·¢¶ÓÎ飿\r
-
\r
- ÎÒÓ¦¸ÃÔõÑùÌá½»Ò»¸ö BUG ±¨¸æ£¿ \r
-
\r
- PostgreSQL ºÍÆäËû DBMS ±ÈÆðÀ´ÈçºÎ£¿
\r
-
1.15) ÎÒÓ¦¸ÃÔõÑùÔÞÖú \r- PostgreSQL £¿ \r
-
\r
-
Óû§¿Í»§¶ËÎÊÌâ
\r
- \r
- PostgreSQL µÄ ODBC Çý¶¯³ÌÐòô£¿ \r
-
\r
-
2.2) ÓÐʲô¹¤¾ß¿ÉÒÔ°Ñ \r- PostgreSQL ÓÃÓÚ Web Ò³Ã棿 \r
-
\r
- PostgreSQL ÓµÓÐͼÐÎÓû§½çÃæÂ𣿠\r
-
\r
- ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÓÃʲôÓïÑÔºÍ PostgreSQL ´ò½»µÀ£¿ \r
-
\r
-
ϵͳ¹ÜÀíÎÊÌâ
\r
- \r
- PostgreSQL ×°ÔÚ /usr/local/pgsql ÒÔÍâµÄµØ·½£¿ \r
-
\r
- postmaster ʱ£¬³öÏÖ Bad System Call£¨ÏµÍ³µ÷ÓÃ´í£©»ò Core Dumped ´íÎó¡£ÎªÊ²Ã´£¿ \r
-
\r
- postmaster ʱ£¬³öÏÖ IpcMemoryCreate ´íÎó¡£ÎªÊ²Ã´£¿ \r
-
\r
- postmaster ʱ£¬³öÏÖ IpcSemaphoreCreate ´íÎó¡£ÎªÊ²Ã´£¿ \r
-
\r
- ÎÒÈçºÎ¿ØÖÆÀ´×ÔÆäËûÖ÷»úµÄÁ¬½Ó£¿\r
-
\r
- ÎÒÔõÑùµ÷ÕûÊý¾Ý¿âÒýÇæÒÔ»ñµÃ¸üºÃµÄÐÔÄÜ£¿\r
-
\r
- PostgreSQL Àï¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃʲôÑùµÄµ÷ÊÔÌØÐÔ£¿ \r
-
\r
- ΪʲôÔÚÊÔͼÁ¬½ÓµÇ¼ʱÊÕµ½¡°Sorry, too many clients¡± ÏûÏ¢£¿
\r
- pgsql_tmp Ŀ¼ÀﶼÓÐЩʲô£¿
\r
-
3.10) ΪʲôҪÔÚÉý¼¶ \r- PostgreSQL ·¢²¼°æ±¾Ê±×ö dump ºÍ restore £¿ \r
-
\r
-
²Ù×÷ÎÊÌâ
\r
- \r
- ¶þ½øÖÆÓαêºÍÆÕͨÓαêÖ®¼äµÄÇø±ðÊÇʲô£¿\r
-
\r
- ÈçºÎֻѡÔñÒ»¸ö²éѯ½á¹ûµÄÍ·¼¸ÐУ¿\r
-
\r
- ÎÒÈçºÎ»ñÈ¡Ò»¸öÊý¾Ý¿âÖбíµÄÁÐ±í£¬»òÕßÊÇÆäËûÎÒÄÜÔÚ psql Àï¿´µ½µÄ¶«Î÷£¿ \r
-
\r
- ÔõÑù´Ó±íÀïÃæɾ³ýÒ»ÁУ¿\r
-
\r
- Ò»ÐУ¬Ò»¸ö±í£¬Ò»¸ö¿âµÄ×î´ó³ß´çÊǶàÉÙ£¿\r
-
\r
- ´æ´¢Ò»¸öµäÐ͵ÄÎı¾ÎļþÀïµÄÊý¾ÝÐèÒª¶àÉÙ´ÅÅ̿ռ䣿\r
-
\r
- ÈçºÎ²é¿´±í¡¢Ë÷Òý¡¢Êý¾Ý¿âÒÔ¼°Óû§µÄ¶¨Ò壿\r
-
\r
- ÎҵIJéѯºÜÂý»òÕßûÓÐÀûÓÃË÷Òý¡£ÎªÊ²Ã´£¿\r
-
\r
- ÎÒÈçºÎ²ÅÄÜ¿´µ½²éѯÓÅ»¯Æ÷ÊÇÔõÑù´¦ÀíÎҵIJéѯµÄ£¿\r
-
\r
- Ë÷ÒýÊÇʲô£¿\r
-
\r
- ʲôÊÇ»ùÒò²éѯÓÅ»¯£¨Genetic Query Optimization£©£¿ \r
-
\r
- ÎÒÔõÑù×öÕýÔò±í´ïʽËÑË÷ºÍ´óСдÎ޹صÄÕýÔò±í´ïʽ²éÕÒ£¿ÔõÑùÀûÓÃË÷Òý½øÐдóСдÎ޹زéÕÒ£¿\r
-
\r
- ÔÚÒ»¸ö²éѯÀÎÒÔõÑù¼ì²âÒ»¸ö×Ö¶ÎÊÇ·ñΪ NULL£¿ \r
-
\r
- ¸÷ÖÖ×Ö·ûÀàÐÍÖ®¼äÓÐʲô²»Í¬£¿\r
-
\r
- ÎÒÔõÑù´´½¨Ò»¸öÐòÁкÅ/×Ô¶¯µÝÔöµÄ×ֶΣ¿\r
-
\r
- ÎÒÈçºÎ»ñµÃÒ»¸ö²åÈëµÄÐòÁкŵÄÖµ£¿\r
-
\r
- currval() ºÍ nextval() »áµ¼ÖºÍÆäËûÓû§µÄÎÉÂÒÇé¿ö£¨race condition£©Âð£¿
\r
- Ϊʲô²»ÔÚÊÂÎñÒì³£ÖÐÖ¹ºóÖØÓÃÐòÁкÅÄØ£¿ÎªÊ²Ã´ÔÚÐòÁкÅ×ֶεÄÈ¡ÖµÖдæÔÚ¼ä¶ÏÄØ£¿\r
-
\r
- OID£¿Ê²Ã´ÊÇ TID £¿ \r
-
\r
- PostgreSQL ʹÓõÄһЩÊõÓïµÄº¬ÒåÊÇʲô£¿ \r
-
\r
- ΪʲôÎÒÊÕµ½´íÎó¡°ERROR: Memory exhausted in AllocSetAlloc()¡±£¿
\r
- ÎÒÈçºÎ²ÅÄÜÖªµÀËùÔËÐÐµÄ PostgreSQL µÄ°æ±¾£¿ \r
-
\r
- ΪʲôÎҵĴó¶ÔÏó²Ù×÷µ¼Ö´íÎó¡°invalid large obj descriptor¡±£¨·Ç·¨µÄ´ó¶ÔÏóÃèÊö·û£©£¿ \r
-
\r
- ÎÒÈçºÎ´´½¨Ò»¸öȱʡֵÊǵ±Ç°Ê±¼äµÄ×ֶΣ¿\r
-
\r
- µÄ×Ó²éѯÕâôÂý£¿ \r
-
\r
- outer join £¨ÍâÁ¬½Ó£©£¿
\r
- ÈçºÎʹÓÃÉæ¼°¶à¸öÊý¾Ý¿âµÄ²éѯ£¿
\r
-
\r
- \r
- ÈçºÎÈú¯Êý·µ»Ø¶àÐлò¶àÁУ¿
\r
-
\r
- \r
- PL/PgSQL º¯ÊýÖв»ÄÜ¿É¿¿µØ´´½¨»òɾ³ýÁÙʱ±í£¿
\r
-
\r
- \r
- ÓÐÄÄЩÊý¾Ý¸´ÖÆÑ¡Ï
\r
- ÓÐÄÄЩÊý¾Ý¼ÓÃÜÑ¡Ï\r
-
\r
-
À©Õ¹ PostgreSQL
\r
- \r
- ÎÒдÁËÒ»¸öÓû§¶¨Ò庯Êý¡£µ±ÎÒÔÚ psql ÀïÔËÐÐʱ£¬ÎªÊ²Ã´»áµ¼Ö core dump£¿ \r
-
\r
- PostgreSQL ¹±Ï×һЩͦ²»´íµÄÐÂÀàÐͺͺ¯Êý£¿ \r
-
\r
- ÎÒÔõÑùдһ¸ö·µ»ØÒ»Ìõ¼Ç¼µÄ C º¯Êý£¿ \r
-
\r
- ÎÒÐÞ¸ÄÁËÒ»¸öÔ´Îļþ£¬ÎªÊ²Ã´ÖØбàÒëºóûÓп´µ½¸Ä±ä£¿\r
-
\r
-
\r
-
\r
-
³£¼ûÎÊÌâ
\r
- \r
-
1.1) PostgreSQL ÊÇʲô£¿¸ÃÔõô·¢Òô£¿
\r- PostgreSQL ¶Á×÷ Post-Gres-Q-L ¡£ \r
-
PostgreSQL ÊÇÏÂÒ»´ú DBMS µÄÑо¿ÔÐÍ POSTGRES Êý¾Ý¿â¹ÜÀíϵͳµÄÔöÇ¿°æ¡£PostgreSQL ÔÚ±£³Ö POSTGRES \r
- µÄÇ¿´óµÄÊý¾ÝÄ£ÐͺͷḻµÄÊý¾ÝÀàÐ͵Ļù´¡ÉÏ£¬ÓÃÒ»¸öÀ©Õ¹Á赀 SQL ×Ó¼¯È¡´úÁËÔÏ鵀 PostQuel ²éѯÓïÑÔ¡£PostgreSQL \r
- ÊÇ×ÔÓɵIJ¢ÇÒËùÓÐÔ´´úÂ붼¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ¡£\r
-
PostgreSQL µÄ¿ª·¢ÓÉ²Î¼Ó PostgreSQL ¿ª·¢ÓʼþÁбíµÄÒ»¸ö¿ª·¢ÈËԱС×é½øÐС£Ä¿Ç°µÄе÷ÈËÊÇ Marc G. Fournier £¨[email protected] \r
- £©¡££¨¹ØÓÚÈçºÎ¼ÓÈë²Î¼û1.6½Ú£©¡£Õâ¸ö¶ÓÎéÏÖÔÚ¸ºÔð PostgreSQL µÄËùÓпª·¢¡£ \r
- PostgreSQL 1.01 µÄ×÷ÕßÊÇ Andrew Yu ºÍ Jolly \r
- Chen¡£»¹ÓÐÐí¶àÆäËûÈËΪÒÆÖ²£¬²âÊÔ£¬µ÷ÊÔºÍÔöÇ¿´úÂë×öÁË´óÁ¿¹±Ïס£PostgreSQL µÄ×î³õÆðÔ´ Postgres£¬ÊÇÔÚ¼ÓÖÝ´óѧ²®¿ËÀû·ÖУµÄ Michael \r
- Stonebraker ½ÌÊÚµÄÖ¸µ¼Ï£¬ÓÉÐí¶àÑо¿Éú£¬±¾¿ÆÉúºÍ±à³ÌÖ°Ô±Íê³ÉµÄ¡£ \r
-
Õâ¸öÈí¼þ×î³õÔÚ²®¿ËÀûµÄÃû×ÖÊÇ Postgres¡£ÔÚ 1995 Ä꣬µ±Ôö¼ÓÁË SQL ¹¦Äܺó£¬ËüµÄÃû×Ö¸Ä³É Postgres95¡£ÔÚ 1996ÄêÄ©£¬²Å¸ÄÃûΪ \r
- PostgreSQL¡£\r
-
1.2) PostgreSQL µÄ°æȨÊÇʲô?
\r- PostgreSQL ÊÜÏÂÃæµÄ°æȨԼÊø¡£ \r
- PostgreSQL Êý¾Ý¿â¹ÜÀíϵͳ \r
- £¨PostgreSQL Data Base Management System£©
²¿·Ö°æȨ£¨c£©1996-2002£¬PostgreSQL È«Çò¿ª·¢Ð¡×é
\r
- ²¿·Ö°æȨ£¨c£©1994-6 ¼ÓÖÝ´óѧ¶Ê \r
-
£¨Portions copyright (c) 1996-2002, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
\r
- Portions Copyright (c) 1994-6 Regents of the University of California£© \r
- ÔÊÐíΪÈκÎÄ¿µÄʹÓ㬿½±´£¬Ð޸ĺͷַ¢Õâ¸öÈí¼þºÍËüµÄÎĵµ¶ø²»ÊÕÈ¡ÈκηÑÓ㬲¢ÇÒÎÞÐëÇ©ÊðÒò´Ë¶ø²úÉúµÄÖ¤Ã÷£¬Ç°ÌáÊÇÉÏÃæµÄ°æȨÉùÃ÷ºÍ±¾¶ÎÒÔ¼°ÏÂÃæÁ½¶ÎÎÄ×Ö³öÏÖÔÚËùÓп½±´ÖС£\r
- £¨Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its \r
- documentation for any purpose, without fee, and without a written agreement is \r
- hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph and \r
- the following two paragraphs appear in all copies.£© \r
- ÔÚÈκÎÇé¿öÏ£¬¼ÓÖÝ´óѧ¶¼²»³Ðµ£ÒòʹÓôËÈí¼þ¼°ÆäÎĵµ¶øµ¼ÖµĶÔÈκε±ÊÂÈ˵ÄÖ±½ÓµÄ£¬¼ä½ÓµÄ£¬ÌØÊâµÄ£¬¸½¼ÓµÄ»òÕßÏà°é¶øÉúµÄË𻵣¬°üÀ¨ÀûÒæËðʧµÄÔðÈΣ¬¼´Ê¹¼ÓÖÝ´óѧÒѾ½¨ÒéÁËÕâЩËðʧµÄ¿ÉÄÜÐÔʱҲÊÇÈç´Ë¡£\r
- £¨IN NO EVENT SHALL THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BE LIABLE TO ANY PARTY FOR \r
- DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING LOST \r
- PROFITS, ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE AND ITS DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF \r
- THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH \r
- DAMAGE.£©\r
- ¼ÓÖÝ´óѧÃ÷È··ÅÆúÈκα£Ö¤£¬°üÀ¨µ«²»¾ÖÏÞÓÚijһÌض¨ÓÃ;µÄÉÌÒµºÍÀûÒæµÄÒþº¬±£Ö¤¡£ÕâÀïÌṩµÄÕâ·ÝÈí¼þÊÇ»ùÓÚ¡°µ±×÷ÊÇ¡±µÄ»ù´¡µÄ£¬Òò¶ø¼ÓÖÝ´óѧûÓÐÔðÈÎÌṩά»¤£¬Ö§³Ö£¬¸üУ¬ÔöÇ¿»òÕßÐ޸ĵķþÎñ¡£
£¨THE \r
- UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT \r
- NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A \r
- PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE SOFTWARE PROVIDED HEREUNDER IS ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, AND \r
- THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA HAS NO OBLIGATIONS TO PROVIDE MAINTENANCE, \r
- SUPPORT, UPDATES, ENHANCEMENTS, OR MODIFICATIONS.£©
\r
-
\r
- ÉÏÃæ¾ÍÊÇ BSD °æȨÉùÃ÷£¬Ò»¸ö¾µäµÄ¿ªÔ´°æȨÉùÃ÷¡£Ëü¶ÔÔ´´úÂëµÄʹÓÃδ×÷ÈκÎÏÞÖÆ¡£ÎÒÃÇϲ»¶Ëü²¢ÇÒ²»´òËã¸Ä±äËü¡£ \r
-
1.3) PostgreSQL ÔËÐÐÔÚʲô Unix ƽ̨ÉÏ£¿
\r-
Ò»°ã˵À´£¬Ò»¸öÏÖ´úµÄ UNIX ¼æÈݵÄƽ̨¶¼ÄÜÔËÐÐ PostgreSQL ¡£ÔÚ°²×°Ö¸ÄÏÀïÁгöÁË·¢²¼Ê±¾¹ýÃ÷È·²âÊÔµÄƽ̨¡£
\r- \r
-
1.4) ¿ÉÓÃµÄ·Ç Unix ƽ̨ÓÐÄÄЩ£¿
\r- ¿Í»§¶Ë\r
-
°Ñ libpq C ¿â£¬psql£¬ÆäËû½Ó¿ÚºÍ¿Í»§¶ËÓ¦ÓóÌÐò±àÒë³É¿ÉÒÔÔÚ MS Windows ƽ̨ÉÏÔËÐÐÊÇ¿ÉÄܵġ£ÕâÖÖÇé¿öÏ£¬¿Í»§¶ËÔÚ MS Windows \r
- ÉÏÔËÐУ¬²¢ÇÒͨ¹ý TCP/IP ÓëÒ»¸öÔËÐÐÔÚÎÒÃÇÖ§³ÖµÄ Unix ƽ̨ÉϵķþÎñÆ÷½øÐÐͨѶ¡£·¢²¼°æ±¾Öаüº¬Ò»¸öÎļþ win32.mak ÓÃÓÚÉú³É Win32 \r
- libpq ¿âºÍ psql ¡£PostgreSQL Ò²¿ÉÒÔºÍ ODBC ¿Í»§¶ËͨѶ¡£ \r
-
Êý¾Ý¿â·þÎñÆ÷ÏÖÔÚ¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý Cygwin £¬Cygnus µÄ Unix/NT ÒÆÖ²¿âÔÚ Windows NT ºÍ Win2k ÉÏÔËÐС£²ÎÔÄ·¢²¼°æ±¾ÀïµÄ See pgsql/doc/FAQ_MSWIN \r
- Îļþ»ò
http://www.PostgreSQL.org/docs/faq-mswin.html \r- ¡£ \r
-
ÒÆÖ²µ½ MS Win NT/2000/XP µÄ±¾»ú°æµÄ¹¤×÷ÕýÔÚ½øÐС£ \r
-
1.5) ÎÒ´ÓÄÄÀïÄܵõ½ PostgreSQL£¿
\r-
PostgreSQL µÄÖ÷ÄäÃûFTPÕ¾µãÊÇ ftp://ftp.PostgreSQL.org/pub£¬¾µÏñÕ¾µã¿ÉÒԲο¼ÎÒÃÇÍøÕ¾µÄÖ÷Ò³¡£ \r
-
1.6) ÎÒ´ÓÄÄÀïÄܵõ½¶Ô PostgreSQL µÄÖ§³Ö£¿
\r- PostgreSQL µÄÎÊÌâ¡£Òª¼ÓÈëÁÐ±í£¬·¢Ò»·âÓʼþÄÚÈÝ£¨²»ÊÇÖ÷ÌâÐУ©Îª \r
- end\r
- ¡£ \r
- end\r
- ÿµ±Ö÷Áбí´ïµ½´óÔ¼ 30k µÄÏûÏ¢ÄÚÈÝʱ£¬ÕªÒª¾Í·¢Ë͸øÕâ¸öÁбíµÄ³ÉÔ±¡£ \r
-
»¹¿ÉÒԲμӳô³æÓʼþÁÐ±í¡£Òª¼ÓÈëÕâ¸öÁÐ±í£¬·¢ËÍÒ»¸öÓʼþµ½ [email protected]£¬ÄÚÈÝΪ£º \r
- end\r
- »¹¿ÉÒԲμӿª·¢ÈËÔ±ÓʼþÁÐ±í¡£Òª¼ÓÈëÕâ¸öÁÐ±í£¬·¢ËÍÒ»¸öÓʼþµ½
[email protected]£¬ÄÚÈÝΪ£º \r- end\r
- ÆäËûµÄ¹ØÓÚ PostgreSQL ÓʼþÁбíºÍÆäËûÐÅÏ¢¿ÉÒÔÔÚ PostgreSQL µÄ WWW Ö÷Ò³ÕÒµ½£º
http://postgresql.org/
\r- ÔÚ EFNet ÀﻹÓÐÒ»¸ö IRC ƵµÀ£¬ÆµµÀ #PostgreSQL¡£ÎÒÓà unix ÃüÁîirc -c '#PostgreSQL' "$USER" \r
- irc.phoenix.net\r
-
ÉÌÒµÖ§³Ö¹«Ë¾µÄÁбíÔÚ http://www.PostgreSQL.org/users-lounge/commercial-support.html \r
- ¡£ \r
-
1.7) PostgreSQL ×îеİ汾ÊÇʲô£¿
\r- PostgreSQL ×îеİ汾ÊÇ°æ±¾ 7.2.3¡££¨Òë×¢£ºÏÖÔÚÓ¦¸ÃÊÇ 7.3.1 ÁË¡££© \r
-
ÎÒÃǼƻ®Ã¿ËĸöÔ·¢²¼Ò»¸öÖ÷Òª°æ±¾¡£\r
-
1.8) ÓÐÄÄЩ¿ÉÓÃµÄ PostgreSQL µÄÎĵµ£¿
\r- ÔÚ·¢²¼°üÀïÓÐһЩÊֲᣬÊÖ²áÒ³ºÍһЩСµÄ²âÊÔÀý×Ó¡£²Î¼û /doc Ŀ¼¡££¨Òë×¢£ºÓ¦Îª $PGHOME/doc£©¡£Ä㻹¿ÉÒÔÔÚÏßä¯ÀÀ PostgreSQL \r
- µÄÊֲᣬÔÚ
http://www.PostgreSQL.org/users-lounge/docs/ \r- ¡£
ÓÐÁ½±¾¹ØÓÚ PostgreSQL µÄÊéÔÚÏßÌṩ£¬ÔÚ \r
- http://www.PostgreSQL.org/docs/awbook.html ºÍ
\r- http://www.commandprompt.com/ppbook/ ¡£ÔÚ
\r- http://www.ca.PostgreSQL.org/books/ ÉÏÓйØÓÚ PostgreSQL µÄ¿É¹ºÊé¼®µÄÁÐ±í¡£ÔÚ
\r- http://techdocs.PostgreSQL.org/\r
- ÉÏÊÕ¼¯ÁËÓÐ¹Ø PostgreSQL µÄ¼¼ÊõÎÄÕ¡£ \r
- ÓÐһЩ²»´íµÄ \d ÃüÁÏÔʾ¹ØÓÚÀàÐÍ£¬²Ù×÷·û£¬º¯Êý£¬¾Û¼¯µÈµÄÐÅÏ¢¡£ \r
-
ÎÒÃÇµÄ web Õ¾µã°üº¬¸ü¶àµÄÎĵµ£®
1.9) \r
- ÎÒÈçºÎÁ˽âÒÑÖªµÄ BUG ºÍȱʧµÄÌØÐÔ£¿ \r
- PostgreSQL Ö§³ÖÒ»¸öÀ©Õ¹Á赀 SQL-92 µÄ×Ó¼¯¡£²ÎÔÄÎÒÃǵÄ
\r- TODO
ÁÐ±í£¬»ñÈ¡Ò»¸öÒÑÖª³ô³æ£¬È±Ê§ÌØÐÔºÍδÀ´¼Æ»®¡£ \r-
1.10) ÎÒÓ¦¸ÃÔõÑùѧϰ SQL£¿
\r- ÔÚ
http://www.postgresql.org/docs/awbook.html \r- µÄ¹ØÓÚ PostgreSQL µÄÊé½ÌÊÚ SQL¡££¨Òë×¢£ºÎÒÏÂÔص½±¾µØÁË¡££©ÔÚ
\r- http://www.commandprompt.com/ppbook ÓÐÁíÍâÒ»±¾¹ØÓÚ PostgreSQL µÄÊé¡£ÔÚ
http://www.intermedia.net/support/sql/sqltut.shtm£¬http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/graeme_birchall/HTM_COOK.HTM \r- ºÍ
http://sqlcourse.com \r- ÓÐÒ»¸ö²»´íµÄÈëÃŽ̡̳£ \r
-
ÁíÒ»¸öÊÇ "Teach Yourself SQL in 21 Days, Second Edition"£¨21Ììѧ»áSQL£¬µÚ¶þ°æ£©£¬ÔÚ \r
- http://members.tripod.com/er4ebus/sql/index.htm\r
-
ÎÒÃǵÄÐí¶àÓû§Ï²»¶ The Practical SQL Handbook, Bowman, Judith S., et al., Addison-Wesley ¡£ \r
- ÆäËûµÄÓÐ The Complete Reference SQL, Groff et al., McGraw-Hill ¡£ \r
-
1.11) PostgreSQL ÊÇ Y2K ¼æÈݵÄÂð£¿
\r- ÊÇ£¬ÎÒÃǺÜÈÝÒ׿ØÖÆ 2000 AD Ö®ºóºÍ 2000 BC ֮ǰµÄÈÕÆÚ¡£ \r
-
1.12) ÎÒÓ¦¸ÃÔõÑù¼ÓÈ뿪·¢¶ÓÎ飿
\r- Ê×ÏÈ£¬ÏÂÔØ×îеÄÔ´´úÂë²¢ÔĶÁÎÒÃÇ web Õ¾µã»ò·¢²¼°üÖÐµÄ PostgreSQL ¿ª·¢ÕßÎĵµ¡£Æä´Î£¬¼ÓÈë pgsql-hackers ºÍ \r
- pgsql-patches ÓʼþÁÐ±í¡£µÚÈý£¬Ïò pgsql-patches Ìá½»¸ßÖÊÁ¿µÄ²¹¶¡³ÌÐò¡£ \r
-
ÏÖÔÚ´ó¸ÅÓÐÊ®¼¸¸öÈËÓÐ PostgreSQL CVS ¹éµµ COMMIT µÄȨÏÞ¡£ËûÃǶ¼ÒѾÌá½»Á˷dz£¶à¸ßÖÊÁ¿µÄ²¹¶¡ÁË£¬ÒÔÖÁÓÚÏÖÓеÄÌá½»È˺ÜÄѸúÉϽÚ×࣬²¢ÇÒÎÒÃÇÏàÐÅËûÃÇÌá½»µÄ²¹¶¡¶¼ÊǸßÖÊÁ¿µÄ¡£1.13) \r
- ÎÒÓ¦¸ÃÔõÑùÌá½»Ò»¸öBUG±¨¸æ£¿\r
- Çë·ÃÎÊ
http://www.PostgreSQL.org/bugs/bugs.php \r- µÄ PostgreSQL BugTool Ò³Ãæ, ÄÇÀï¸ø³öÁËÈçºÎÌá½»Ò»¸öBUG±¨¸æµÄÖ¸ÄÏ¡£ \r
-
ͬÑùÒ²Òª¿´¿´ÎÒÃÇµÄ ftp Õ¾µã ftp://ftp.postgreSQL.org/pub£¬¿´ÓÐûÓиüÐ嵀 \r
- PostgreSQL °æ±¾»ò²¹¶¡¡£ \r
-
1.14) PostgreSQL ºÍÆäËû DBMS ±ÈÆðÀ´ÈçºÎ£¿
\r- ÆÀ¼ÛÈí¼þÓкü¸ÖÖ·½·¨£ºÌØÐÔ£¬ÐÔÄÜ£¬¿É¿¿ÐÔ£¬Ö§³ÖºÍ¼Û¸ñ¡£\r
-
ÌØÐÔ\r
-
\r
- PostgreSQL ÓµÓдóÐÍÉÌÓà DBMS \r
- Àï´ó¶àÊýÌØÐÔ£¬ÀýÈ磺ÊÂÎñ£¬×Ó²éѯ£¬´¥·¢Æ÷£¬ÊÓͼ£¬Íâ¼ü²Î¿¼ÍêÕûÐԺ͸´ÔÓµÄËøµÈ¡£ÎÒÃÇ»¹ÓÐһЩËüÃÇûÓеÄÌØÐÔ£¬ÈçÓû§¶¨ÒåÀàÐÍ£¬¼Ì³Ð£¬¹æÔòºÍ¶à°æ±¾²¢ÐпØÖÆÒÔ¼õÉÙËøµÄÕùÓõȡ£\r
-
\r
-
ÐÔÄÜ\r
-
\r
- PostgreSQL ºÍÆäËûÉÌÓúͿªÔ´µÄÊý¾Ý¿â¾ßÓÐÀàËƵÄÐÔÄÜ¡£¶ÔijЩ´¦ÀíËü±È½Ï¿ì£¬¶ÔÆäËûһЩ´¦ÀíËü±È½ÏÂý¡£Óë MySQL »ò¸üÇá±ãµÄÊý¾Ý¿âϵͳ±È½Ï£¬ÎÒÃÇÔÚ \r
- insert/update ʱÂý£¬ÒòΪÎÒÃÇÓÐÊÂÎñ´¦Àí¡£µ±È» MySQL ²»¾ßÓÐÎÒÃÇÔÚÉÏÃæµÄÌØÐÔ ¶ÎÀï¸ø³öµÄÈκÎÌØÐÔ¡£ÎÒÃǵÄÖ÷Òª·½ÏòÊÇ¿É¿¿ÐÔºÍÌØÐÔ£¬¾¡¹ÜÎÒÃÇÔÚÿ´Î·¢²¼Ê±²»¶ÏµØ¸Ä½øÐÔÄÜ¡£ÓÐÒ»¸öºÜÓÐȤµÄÍøÒ³±È½ÏÁË \r
- PostgreSQL ºÍ MySQL
http://openacs.org/why-not-mysql.html¡£
\r-
¿É¿¿ÐÔ\r
-
\r
- ÎÒÃÇÖªµÀ DBMS ±ØÐëÊÇ¿É¿¿µÄ£¬·ñÔòËü¾ÍÒ»µãÓö¼Ã»ÓС£ÎÒÃÇŬÁ¦×öµ½·¢²¼¾¹ýÈÏÕæ²âÊԵģ¬Îȶ¨µÄ³ô³æ×îÉٵĴúÂ롣ÿ¸ö°æ±¾ÖÁÉÙÓÐÒ»¸öÔ嵀 beta \r
- ²âÊÔ£¬²¢ÇÒÎÒÃǵķ¢²¼ÀúÊ·ÏÔʾÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÌṩÎȶ¨µÄ£¬Àι̵ģ¬¿ÉÓÃÓÚÉú²úʹÓõİ汾¡£ÎÒÃÇÏàÐÅÔÚÕâ·½ÃæÎÒÃÇÓëÆäËûµÄÊý¾Ý¿âÈí¼þÊÇÏ൱µÄ¡£\r
-
\r
-
Ö§³Ö\r
-
\r
- ÎÒÃǵÄÓʼþÁбíÌṩһ¸ö·Ç³£´óµÄ¿ª·¢ÈËÔ±ºÍÓû§µÄ×éÒÔ°ïÖú½â¾öËùÅöµ½µÄÈκÎÎÊÌâ¡£ÎÒÃDz»Äܱ£Ö¤¿Ï¶¨Äܽâ¾öÎÊÌ⣬Ïà±È֮ϣ¬ÉÌÓà DBMS \r
- Ò²²¢²»ÊÇ×ÜÄܹ»Ìṩ½â¾ö·½·¨¡£Ö±½ÓÓ뿪·¢ÈËÔ±£¬Óû§Èº£¬ÊÖ²áºÍÔ´³ÌÐò½Ó´¥Áî PostgreSQL µÄÖ§³Ö±ÈÆäËû DBMS \r
- »¹ÒªºÃ¡£»¹ÓÐһЩÉÌÒµÐÔµÄÔ¤°ü×°µÄÖ§³Ö£¬¿ÉÒÔ¸øÌṩ¸øÄÇЩÐèÒªµÄÈË¡££¨²ÎÔÄÖ§³Ö FAQ Ìõ¿î 1.6 С½Ú¡££© \r
-
\r
-
¼Û¸ñ\r
-
\r
- ÎÒÃǶÔÈκÎÓÃ;¶¼Ãâ·Ñ£¬°üÀ¨ÉÌÓúͷÇÉÌÓÃÄ¿µÄ¡£Äã¿ÉÒÔ²»¼ÓÏÞÖƵØÏòÄãµÄ²úÆ·Àï¼ÓÈëÎÒÃǵĴúÂ룬³ýÁËÄÇЩÎÒÃÇÔÚÉÏÃæµÄ°æȨÉùÃ÷ÀïÉùÃ÷µÄ BSD ·ç¸ñµÄ°æȨÍâ¡£ \r
- \r
-
1.15) ÎÒÓ¦¸ÃÔõÑùÔÞÖú PostgreSQL £¿
\r-
×Ô´Ó1996Ä꿪ʼ£¬PostgreSQL \r
- ÒѾÓÐÁËÒ»¸öÓÅÐãµÄ×éÖ¯¡£ÕâЩӦ¸Ã¹é¹¦ÓÚ Marc \r
- Fournier£¬ÊÇËû´´½¨Á˲¢ÔÚÕâЩÄêÒ»Ö±¹ÜÀíÕâ¸ö×éÖ¯¡£\r
-
¶ÔÓÚÒ»¸ö¿ªÔ´ÏîÄ¿À´Ëµ£¬ÖÊÁ¿»ù´¡ÉèÊ©ÊǷdz£ÖØÒªµÄ¡£ËüÄÜ·ÀÖ¹³öÏÖÑÏÖØÑÓ³ÙÏîÄ¿Ç°½øµÄ»ìÂÒ¡£
\r-
ÏÔÈ»£¬Õâ¸ö×éÖ¯µÄÔËת³É±¾²»·Æ¡£Î¬³ÖÆäÇ°½øÓи÷ÖÖÔ¶ȵġ¢Ò»´ÎÐԵĿªÖ§¡£Èç¹ûÄã»òÕßÄãµÄ¹«Ë¾ÄܽøÐоèÔùÒÔÖ§³ÖÕâÏîÊÂÒµ£¬Çë·ÃÎÊ \r
- http://store.pgsql.com/shopping/ ½øÐоèÔù¡£ \r
-
ËäÈ»¸ÃÍøÒ³Ìá¼°ÁË PostgreSQL ¹«Ë¾£¬ÕâЩ¾èÔù½«½öÓÃÓÚÖ§³Ö PostgreSQL \r
- ÏîÄ¿£¬²¢²»»áÓÃÓÚ×ÊÖúû¸öÌض¨µÄ¹«Ë¾¡£Èç¹ûÄãÔ¸Ò⣬Ҳ¿ÉÒÔÓʼÄ֧Ʊµ½ÁªÏµµØÖ·¡£\r
-
\r
-
\r
-
Óû§¿Í»§¶ËÎÊÌâ
\r
- \r
-
2.1) ÓÐ PostgreSQL µÄ ODBC Çý¶¯Ã´£¿
\r- ÓÐÁ½¸ö ODBC Çý¶¯¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ£¬PsqlODBC ºÍ OpenLink ODBC.
¿ÉÒÔÔÚhttp://gborg.postgresql.org/project/psqlodbc/projdisplay.php \r
- ÏÂÔØ PsqlODBC ¡£ \r
-
OpenLink ODBC ¿ÉÒÔ´Ó http://www.openlinksw.com/ \r
- »ñµÃ¡£ËüÓëËûÃǵıê×¼ ODBC ¿Í»§¶ËÈí¼þ¼æÈÝ£¬Òò¶øÄã¿ÉÒÔÔÚÈκÎËûÃÇÖ§³ÖµÄ¿Í»§¶Ëƽ̨£¨Win, Mac, Unix, VMS£©ÉÏʹÓà PostgreSQL \r
- ODBC¡£\r
-
ËûÃÇ¿ÉÄܽ«Õâ¸ö²úÆ·ÏúÊÛ¸øÄÇЩÐèÒªÉÌÒµÖ§³ÖµÄÓû§£¬µ«ÊÇ×ÜÊÇÓÐÒ»¸ö freeware £¨×ÔÓÉÈí¼þ£©µÄ°æ±¾¿ÉÒԵõ½¡£ÇëѯÎÊ \r
-
2.2) ÓÐʲô¹¤¾ß¿ÉÒÔ°Ñ PostgreSQL ÓÃÓÚ Web Ò³Ã棿
\r- Ò»¸ö½éÉÜÒÔÊý¾Ý¿âΪºǫ́µÄͦ²»´íµÄ Õ¾µãÊÇ£º
http://www.webreview.com \r- ¡£ \r
-
¶ÔÓÚ Web ¼¯³É£¬PHP ÊÇÒ»¸ö¼«ºÃµÄ½Ó¿Ú¡£ËüÔÚ£ºhttp://www.php.net/ \r
- ¡£ \r
-
¶ÔÓÚ¸´ÔÓµÄÈÎÎñ£¬ºÜ¶àÈ˲ÉÓà Perl ½Ó¿ÚºÍ CGI.pm »ò mod_perl ¡£ \r
-
2.3) PostgreSQL ÓµÓÐͼÐÎÓû§½çÃæÂð£¿
\r- Êǵġ£Óм¸¸öÊÊÓÃÓÚ PostgreSQL µÄͼÐνӿڡ£°üÀ¨PgAccess£¨
http://www.pgaccess.com)£¬PgAdmin \r- II £¨
http://www.pgadmin.org£¬½öÊÊÓÃÓÚWin32£©£¬ \r- RHDB Admin (
http://sources.redhat.com/rhdb/£© \r- ÒÔ¼° Rekall £¨
http://www.thekompany.com/products/rekall/£¬ \r- רÓеÄ/proprietary)¡£»¹ÓÐPHPPgAdmin £¨
http://phppgadmin.sourceforge.net/£© \r- £¬Ò»¸ö»ùÓÚ web µÄ PostgreSQL ·ÃÎʽӿڡ£ \r
-
ÎÒÃÇÓÐÒ»¸ö²»´íµÄͼÐÎÓû§½çÃ棬³ÆΪ PgAccess £¬ËüÒ²¿ÉÒÔÓÃ×÷±¨±íÉú³ÉÆ÷¡£ÍøÒ³ÊÇ http://www.pgaccess.org/¡£
\r-
2.4) ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÓÃʲôÓïÑÔºÍ PostgreSQL ´ò½»µÀ£¿
\r-
´ó¶àÊýÁ÷Ðеıà³ÌÓïÑÔ¶¼ÓзÃÎÊ PostgreSQL µÄ½Ó¿Ú¡£Çë¼ì²é±à³ÌÓïÑÔµÄÀ©Õ¹Ä£¿éÁÐ±í¡£
\r-
PostgreSQL ·¢²¼°üÖаüº¬ÁËÒÔϽӿڣº
\r-
\r
- C (libpq) \r
-
\r
- Embedded C (ecpg)\r
-
\r
- Java (jdbc)\r
-
\r
- Python (PyGreSQL)\r
-
\r
- TCL (libpgtcl)\r
- \r
-
ÆäËûµÄ½Ó¿ÚÔÚ http://gborg.postgresql.org É쵀 Drivers/Interfaces \r
- С½Ú¡£ \r
-
\r
-
\r
-
ϵͳ¹ÜÀíÎÊÌâ
\r
- \r
-
3.1) ÎÒÔõÑùÄÜ°Ñ PostgreSQL ×°ÔÚ /usr/local/pgsql ÒÔÍâµÄµØ·½£¿
\r-
ÔÚÔËÐÐ configure ʱ¼ÓÉÏ --prefix Ñ¡Ïî¡£
\r-
3.2) µ±ÎÒÔËÐÐ postmaster ʱ£¬³öÏÖ Bad System Call£¨ÏµÍ³µ÷ÓÃ´í£©»ò Core \r
- Dumped ´íÎó¡£ÎªÊ²Ã´£¿ \r
-
Õâ¿ÉÄÜÊǺܶ෽ÃæµÄÎÊÌ⣬ÇëÏȼì²é²Ù×÷ϵͳºËÐÄÊÇ·ñÖ§³Ö System V À©Õ¹¡£PostgreSQL ÐèÒªÄÚºËÖ§³Ö¹²ÏíÄÚ´æºÍÐźŵơ£
\r-
3.3) µ±ÎÒÊÔͼÔËÐÐ postmaster ʱ£¬³öÏÖ IpcMemoryCreate ´íÎó¡£ÎªÊ²Ã´£¿
\r- ÄãҪôÊÇûÓÐÔÚÄÚºËÀïÕýÈ·ÅäÖù²ÏíÄڴ棬ҪôÊÇÄãÐèÒªÀ©´óÄãµÄÄں˵ĿÉÓù²ÏíÄÚ´æ¡£ÐèÒªµÄ¹²ÏíÄÚ´æ¾ßÌåµÄÊýÁ¿È¡¾öÓÚÄãµÄÌåϵ½á¹¹ºÍÄãÅäÖÃÄãµÄ postmaster \r
- ÔËÐÐʱʹÓõĻº³åÇøºÍºó¶Ë½ø³ÌÊýÄ¿¡£¶Ô´ó¶àÊýϵͳ£¬Ê¹ÓÃȱʡ»º³åÇøºÍ½ø³ÌÊýĿʱ£¬Äã×îÉÙÐèÒª~1MB¡£Óйع²ÏíÄÚ´æºÍÐźŵƵÄÏêϸÐÅÏ¢Çë²Î¿¼
\r- PostgreSQL Administrator's Guide ¡£ \r
-
3.4) µ±ÎÒÊÔͼÔËÐÐ postmaster ʱ£¬³öÏÖ IpcSemaphoreCreate ´íÎó¡£ÎªÊ²Ã´£¿
\r-
Èç¹û´íÎóÐÅÏ¢ÊÇ IpcSemaphoreCreate: semget failed (No space left on device)£¬ÄÇôÔÒòÊÇÄãµÄÄÚºËûÓÐÅäÖÃ×ã¹»µÄÐźŵÆ×ÊÔ´¡£Postgres \r
- µÄÿ¸öDZÔڵĺǫ́½ø³Ì¶¼ÐèÒªÒ»¸öÐźŵơ£Ò»¸öÁÙʱµÄ½â¾ö·½·¨ÊÇÒԱȽÏÉٵĺǫ́½ø³ÌÊý£¨²ÎÊý£©Æô¶¯ postmaster¡£Ê¹Óÿª¹Ø -N ´øÒ»¸öÉÙÓÚȱʡֵ \r
- 32 µÄ²ÎÊýÔËÐÐ postmaster¡£¸ü³¤¾ÃµÄ½â¾ö·½·¨ÊǼӴóÄãµÄÄÚºËµÄ SEMMNS ºÍ \r
- SEMMNI ²ÎÊý¡£ \r
-
ÔÚÊý¾Ý¿â·ÃÎÊÁ¿ºÜ´óʱ£¬ÐźŵƲ»¿ÉÓÿÉÄܵ¼ÖÂϵͳ±ÀÀ£¡£
\r-
Èç¹û´íÎóÐÅÏ¢ÊÇÆäËûµÄʲô¶«Î÷£¬Äã¿ÉÄܾ͸ù±¾Ã»ÓÐÔÚÄÚºËÀïÃæÅäÖÃÐźŵÆÖ§³Ö¡£Óйع²ÏíÄÚ´æºÍÐźŵƵÄÏêϸÐÅÏ¢Çë²Î¿¼ \r
- PostgreSQL Administrator's Guide ¡£
3.5) \r
- ÎÒÈçºÎ¿ØÖÆÀ´×ÔÆäËûÖ÷»úµÄÁ¬½Ó£¿\r
-
ȱʡʱ£¬PostgreSQL Ö»ÔÊÐíͨ¹ý unix ÓòÌ×½Ó×ÖÀ´×Ô±¾»úµÄÁ¬½Ó¡£³ý·ÇÄãʹÓà -i ¿ª¹ØÆô¶¯ postmaster£¬²¢ÇÒͨ¹ý¶ÔÓ¦µÄ±à¼ \r
- $PGDATA/pg_hba.conf Îļþ´ò¿ªÁËÖ÷»úΪ»ù´¡£¨ host-based £©µÄÈÏÖ¤£¬·ñÔòÆäËû»úÆ÷ÊDz»ÄÜÓëÄãµÄ»úÆ÷Á¬½ÓµÄ¡£ÕâÑù½«ÔÊÐí \r
- TCP/IP Á¬½Ó¡£ \r
-
3.6) ÎÒÔõÑùµ÷ÕûÊý¾Ý¿âÒýÇæÒÔ»ñµÃ¸üºÃµÄÐÔÄÜ£¿
\r-
µ±È»£¬Ë÷Òý¿ÉÒÔ¼ÓËÙ²éѯ¡£EXPLAIN ÃüÁîÔÊÐíÄã¹Û²ì PostgreSQL \r
- ÈçºÎ½âÊÍÄãµÄ²éѯ£¬ÒÔ¼°Ê¹ÓÃÁËÄÄЩË÷Òý¡£\r
-
Èç¹ûÄãÕý´¦ÀíÒ»¶Ñ INSERT£¬¿¼ÂÇʹÓà COPY ÃüÁîÒÔ´óÅúÁ¿µÄ·½Ê½½øÐС£ÕâÑù×ö±Èµ¥¶ÀµÄÒ»¸ö¸ö \r
- INSERT ¿ìµÃ¶à¡£Æä´Î£¬Ã»Óд¦ÓÚ BEGIN WORK/COMMIT \r
- ÊÂÎñ¿éÖ®¼äµÄÓï¾ä±»ÈÏΪÊôÓÚͬһ¸öÊÂÎñ¡£ÊÔ×ÅÔÚÒ»¸öÊÂÎñ¿éÀïÃæ´¦Àí¸ü¶àµÄÓï¾ä¡£ÕâÑù¿ÉÒÔ¼õÉÙÊÂÎñ´øÀ´µÄ¶îÍ⿪Ïú¡£Í¬Ñù£¬ÔÚ×ö´óÁ¿µÄÊý¾Ý¸Ä±äʱ¿¼ÂÇɾ³ýºÍÖؽ¨Ë÷Òý¡£ \r
-
»¹Óм¸¸öµ÷½ÚµÄÑ¡Ïî¿ÉÒÔʹÓá£Äã¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý´ø -o -F Ñ¡ÏîÆô¶¯ postmaster À´½ûÖ¹ fsync()¡£ÕâÑù½«±ÜÃâÿ´ÎÊÂÎñºóµ÷Óà fsync() \r
- \r
- °ÑÊý¾Ýˢе½´ÅÅÌÉÏ¡£\r
- Ä㻹¿ÉÒÔʹÓà postmaster -B Ñ¡ÏîÔö¼Óºó¶Ë½ø³ÌʹÓõĹ²ÏíÄڴ滺³åµÄÊýÄ¿¡£Èç¹ûÄã°ÑÕâ¸ö²ÎÊýÉèÖõÃÌ«´ó£¬postmaster \r
- ¿ÉÄÜÎÞ·¨Æô¶¯£¬ÒòΪÄãÒѾ³¬¹ýÁËÄãµÄÄÚºËÔÚ¹²ÏíÄÚ´æ¿Õ¼äÉϵÄÏÞÖÆ¡£Ã¿¸ö»º³åÇøÊÇ 8K ²¢ÇÒȱʡ 64 ¸ö»º³åÇø¡£
\r
- Ä㻹¿ÉÒÔʹÓúǫ́½ø³ÌµÄ -S Ñ¡ÏîÀ´Ôö¼Óÿ¸öºǫ́½ø³ÌÓÃÓÚÁÙʱÅÅÐòÓõÄ×î´óÄÚ´æÊýÁ¿¡£-S ÖµÊÇÒÔK×ֽڼƵģ¬È±Ê¡ÊÇ 512 £¨Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵£¬512K£©¡£
Ä㻹¿ÉÒÔʹÓà \r
- CLUSTER ÃüÁîÀ´°Ñ±íÀïµÄÊý¾Ý°´ÕÕij¸öË÷Òý½øÐоۼ¯´æ·Å¡£²ÎÔÄ CLUSTER µÄÊÖ²áÒ³»ñÈ¡¸ü¶àϸ½Ú¡£ \r
-
3.7) PostgreSQL Àï¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃʲôÑùµÄµ÷ÊÔÌØÐÔ£¿
\r-
PostgreSQL Óм¸¸öÌØÐÔÓÃÓÚ±¨¸æ״̬ÐÅÏ¢£¬ÕâЩÐÅÏ¢¿ÉÄܶԵ÷ÊÔÓÃ;ºÜÓаïÖú¡£
\r-
Ê×ÏÈ£¬Í¨¹ý¸½´ø --enable-cassert Ñ¡ÏîÔËÐÐ configure£¬Óкܶà assert() \r
- ¼à¿Øºǫ́½ø³ÌºÍÔÚ·¢ÉúijЩδÔøÔ¤ÁϵÄÏÖÏóʱֹͣ³ÌÐòÔËÐС£ \r
-
postmaster ºÍ postgres ¶¼ÓÐһЩ¿ÉÓõÄÑ¡Ïî¡£Ê×ÏÈ£¬µ±ÄãÆô¶¯ postmaster \r
- ʱ£¬È·±£Äã°Ñ±ê×¼Êä³öºÍ±ê×¼´íÎóÊä³ö¶¨Ïòµ½ÁËÒ»¸öÈÕÖ¾ÎļþÀïÈ¥ÁË£¬Ïó£º\r
- ./bin/postmaster >server.log 2>&1 &\r
- ÕâÑù½«ÔÚ PostgreSQL ¶¥¼¶Ä¿Â¼ÏÂÊä³öÒ»¸ö server.log Îļþ¡£Õâ¸öÎļþ°üº¬·þÎñÆ÷Åöµ½µÄÎÊÌâºÍ´íÎóµÄÓÐÓÃÐÅÏ¢¡£postmaster ÓÐÒ»¸ö \r
- -d Ñ¡Ï¸ÃÑ¡ÏîÔÊÐíÎÒÃÇ»ñµÃ¸ü¶àµÄϸ½Ú»ã±¨¡£-d Ñ¡Ïî½ÓÊÜÒ»¸öÊý×Ö±êÃ÷µ÷ÊÔ¼¶±ð¡£ÐèÒª¾¯¸æµÄÊǸߵĵ÷ÊÔ¼¶±ð¿ÉÄÜ»áÉú³É¾Þ´óµÄÈÕÖ¾Îļþ¡£
Èç¹û postmaster \r
- ûÓÐÔËÐУ¬Äã¿ÉÒÔÖ±½ÓÔÚÃüÁîÐÐÉÏÆô¶¯ postgres ºǫ́½ø³Ì£¬È»ºóÖ±½Ó¼üÈë SQL Óï¾ä¡£ÎÒÃÇÖ» \r
- ÍƼöÔÚµ÷ÊÔµÄʱºòÕâô¸É¡£Çë×¢ÒâÕâʱÓû»ÐÐÜÞ¶ø²»ÊǷֺűíʾÓï¾ä½áβ¡£Èç¹ûÄã´ø×ŵ÷ÊÔ·ûºÅ±àÒ룬Äã¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÒ»¸öµ÷ÊÔÆ÷¹Û¿´·¢ÉúÁËʲôÊÂÇé¡£ÒòΪºǫ́½ø³ÌûÓÐÓÉ \r
- postmaster Æô¶¯µÄ£¬Ëü²»ÊǺÍʵ¼ÊµÄÔËÐл·¾³Ò»Ö£¬¶øÇÒËø¶¨/ºǫ́½»»¥ÎÊÌâ¿ÉÄܲ»ÄÜÖØÏÖ¡£ \r
-
Èç¹û postmaster ÒѾÔËÐУ¬¿ÉÔÚÒ»¸ö´°¿ÚÖÐÆô¶¯ psql£¬È»ºóÕÒ³ö psql ¶ÔÓ¦µÄ postgres ½ø³ÌµÄ \r
- PID¡£Ê¹ÓÃÒ»¸öµ÷ÊÔÆ÷¸½×ÅÔÚÕâ¸ö postgres PID \r
- ÉÏ¡£Äã¿ÉÒÔÔÚµ÷ÊÔÆ÷ÀïÉèÖöϵ㲢ÇÒ´Ó psql ÀïÖ´Ðвéѯ¡£Èç¹ûÄãÔÚµ÷ÊÔ postgres µÄÆô¶¯£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔÉèÖà \r
- PGOPTIONS="-W n"£¬È»ºóÆô¶¯ psql¡£ÕâÑù½«µ¼ÖÂÆô¶¯ÑÓ³Ù n \r
- Ã룬ÕâÑùÄã¾Í¿ÉÒÔ¸½¼ÓÒ»¸öµ÷ÊÔÆ÷²¢ÇÒ¸ú×ÙÆô¶¯Ë³ÐòµÄ¹ý³Ì¡£ \r
- postgres ³ÌÐòÓÐ -s£¬-A£¬ºÍ -t Ñ¡Ïî¿ÉÄÜÔÚµ÷ÊÔºÍÐÔÄܲâÁ¿µÄʱºò·Ç³£ÓÐÓᣠ\r
-
Ä㻹¿ÉÒÔ´ø profiling Ö§³Ö±àÒëºǫ́£¬ÒÔ±ã¹Û²ìÄÄЩº¯ÊýÕ¼ÓõÄÖ´ÐÐʱ¼ä½Ï¶à¡£profile Îļþ½«·ÅÔÚ pgsql/data/base/dbname \r
- Ŀ¼Ï¡£¿Í»§¶Ë profile Îļþ½«·ÅÔÚ¿Í»§¶Ëµ±Ç°Ä¿Â¼Ï¡£ÔÚ Linux ÏÂÖ§³Ö profiling ÒªÔÚ±àÒëʱ¼ÓÉÏ-DLINUX_PROFILE \r
- ΪʲôÔÚÊÔͼÁ¬½ÓµÇ¼ʱÊÕµ½¡°Sorry, too many clients¡±ÏûÏ¢£¿ \r
-
ÄãÐèÒªÔö´ó postmaster Æô¶¯Ê±Ö§³ÖµÄ²¢·¢ºǫ́½ø³ÌÊý¡£
\r-
ȱʡÏÞÖÆÊÇ 32 ½ø³Ì¡£Äã¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý´ø×ÅÊʵ±µÄ -N Öµ¿ª¹ØÆô¶¯ postmaster Ôö¼ÓÕâ¸öÊýÄ¿¡£»òÕßÐÞ¸Ä postgresql.conf \r
- Îļþ¡£ \r
-
ҪעÒâÈç¹ûÄã°Ñ -N ÉèÖÃΪ´óÓÚ 32£¬Äã±ØÐëͬÑùÔö´ó -B£¬³¬¹ýËüȱʡµÄ 64£»-B ±ØÐë×îÉÙÊÇ -N \r
- µÄÁ½±¶£¬¶øÇÒΪÁ˸üºÃµÄÐÔÄÜ¿ÉÄÜÒª±ÈÄǸöÊý×ÖÒª´ó¡£¶ÔÓÚ´óÊýÄ¿µÄºó¶Ë½ø³Ì£¬Äã¿ÉÄÜ»¹»á·¢ÏÖÄ㻹ÐèÒªÔö¼ÓÐí¶à Unix \r
- ÄÚºËÅäÖòÎÊýÖµ¡£Òª¼ì²éµÄ¶«Î÷°üÀ¨¹²ÏíÄÚ´æ¿éµÄ×î´ó³ß´ç£¬SHMMAX£¬ÐźŵƵÄ×î´óÊýÄ¿£¬SEMMNS\r
- ºÍ SEMMNI£¬×î´óµÄ½ø³ÌÊý£¬NPROC£¬µ¥Óû§×î´ó½ø³ÌÊý£¬MAXUPRC£¬ÒÔ¼°´ò¿ªÎļþµÄ×î´óÊýÄ¿£¬NFILE \r
- ºÍ NINODE \r
- ¡£Postgres ¶ÔÔÊÐíµÄºǫ́½ø³ÌÊýÓÐÏÞÖƵÄÔÒòÊÇΪÁËÈ·±£ÄãµÄϵͳ²»»áÓùâ×ÊÔ´¡£
ÔÚ Postgres ÔçÓÚ 6.5 µÄ°æ±¾£¬×î´óºǫ́½ø³ÌÊýȱʡÊÇ \r
- 64£¬²¢ÇÒ¶ÔËüµÄÐÞ¸ÄÊ×ÏÈÐèÒªÐÞ¸Ä include/storage/sinvaladt.h ÀïµÄ MaxBackendId ³£Á¿£¬È»ºóÖØР\r
- BUILD¡£\r
-
3.9) pgsql_tmp Ŀ¼ÀﶼÓÐЩʲô£¿
\r-
¸ÃĿ¼Ï±£´æÁ˲éѯִÐÐÆ÷Éú³ÉµÄÁÙʱÎļþ¡£ÀýÈ磬Èç¹ûÐèҪΪÂú×ã ORDER BY Ìõ¼þ×öÅÅÐò£¬²¢ÇÒÅÅÐòÐèÒª±Èºǫ́µÄ \r
- -S ²ÎÊý¸ø³öµÄ¸ü¶àµÄ¿Õ¼ä£¬ÄÇô¾Í»á´´½¨Ò»¸öÁÙʱÎļþ±£´æ¶à³öÀ´µÄÊý¾Ý¡£ \r
-
ÁÙʱÎļþÓ¦¸Ã×Ô¶¯É¾³ý£¬²»¹ýÈç¹ûÔÚÅÅÐò¹ý³ÌÖкǫ́±ÀÀ£Á˾ͿÉÄÜÁôÏÂÀ´¡£Í£Ö¹²¢ÖØÆð postmaster ½«»áɾ³ýÕâЩÎļþ¡£ \r
-
\r
-
3.10) ΪʲôҪÔÚÉý¼¶ PostgreSQL ·¢²¼°æ±¾Ê±×ö dump ºÍ restore £¿
\r- PostgreSQL ¿ª·¢×é¶Ôÿ´ÎСµÄÉý¼¶½ö×öÁ˽ÏÉÙµÄÐÞ¸Ä,Òò´Ë´Ó 7.2 Éý¼¶µ½ 7.2.1 ²»ÐèÒª dump ºÍ restore¡£µ«ÊÇÖ÷ÒªµÄÉý¼¶£¨ÀýÈç´Ó \r
- 7.2 µ½ 7.3£©Í¨³£»áÐÞ¸Äϵͳ±íºÍÊý¾Ý±íµÄÄÚ²¿¸ñʽ¡£ÕâЩ±ä»¯Ò»°ã±È½Ï¸´ÔÓ£¬Òò´ËÎÒÃDz»Î¬Êý¾ÝÎļþµÄÏòºó¼æÈÝ¡£dump \r
- ½«Êý¾Ý°´ÕÕͨÓõĸñʽÊä³ö£¬Ëæºó¿ÉÒÔ±»ÖØмÓÔز¢Ê¹ÓÃеÄÄÚ²¿¸ñʽ¡£\r
- ´ÅÅÌÎļþ¸ñʽûÓб仯µÄÉý¼¶£¬¿ÉÒÔÓà pg_upgrade ½Å±¾£¬¶ø²»ÐèÒª×ö dump ºÍ restor¡£·¢²¼ËµÃ÷script »áÖ¸Ã÷ pg_upgrade \r
- ¶Ô¸Ã´ÎÉý¼¶ÊÇ·ñ¿ÉÓᣠ\r
-
\r
-
\r
-
²Ù×÷ÎÊÌâ
\r
- \r
- ¶þ½øÖÆÓαêºÍÆÕͨÓαêÖ®¼äµÄÇø±ðÊÇʲô£¿ \r
- ²ÎÔÄ DECLARE ÊÖ²áÒ³»ñÈ¡ÐÅÏ¢¡£ \r
-
4.2)ÈçºÎÖ» SELECT Ò»¸ö²éѯ½á¹ûµÄÍ·¼¸ÐУ¿
\r- ²ÎÔÄ FETCH \r
- ÊÖ²áÒ³£¬»òÕßʹÓà SELECT ... LIMIT.... \r
-
¼´Ê¹ÄãÖ»ÐèÒª¿ªÍ·µÄ¼¸ÐУ¬Ò²»áÉæ¼°µ½Õû¸ö²éѯ¡£ÊÔ×ÅʹÓôøÓÐ ORDER BY µÄ²éѯ¡£Èç¹ûÓÐÒ»¸öË÷ÒýÓë \r
- ORDER BY Æ¥Å䣬PostgreSQL ¿ÉÄܾÍÖ»´¦ÀíÒªÇóµÄÍ·¼¸Ìõ¼Ç¼£¬·ñÔò½«¶ÔÕû¸ö²éѯ½øÐд¦ÀíÖ±µ½Éú³ÉÐèÒªµÄÐС£ \r
-
4.3) ÎÒÈçºÎ»ñÈ¡Ò»¸ö±íµÄÁÐ±í£¬»òÕßÊÇÆäËûÎÒÄÜÔÚ psql Àï¿´µ½µÄ¶«Î÷£¿
\r- Äã¿ÉÒÔÔĶÁ psql µÄÔ´´úÂëÎļþpgsql/src/bin/psql/describe.c ¡£Ëü°üÀ¨ÎªÉú³É psql \r
- µÄ·´Ð±¸ÜÃüÁîµÄÊä³öµÄ SQL ÃüÁî¡£Ä㻹¿ÉÒÔ´ø -E Ñ¡ÏîÆô¶¯ psql£¬ÕâÑùËü½«´òÓ¡³öÖ´ÐÐÄã¸ø³öµÄÃüÁîËùÓõIJéѯ¡£ \r
-
4.4) ÔõÑù´Ó±íÀïÃæɾ³ýÒ»ÁУ¿
\r-
7.3 ÀïÔö¼ÓÁË ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN£¬ÒÔÖ§³Ö´ËÏÄÜ¡£ÔÚÒÔÇ°µÄ°æ±¾ÖУ¬¿ÉÒÔÕâÑù×ö£º
\r- LOCK TABLE old_table;\r
- SELECT ... -- select all columns but the one you want to remove\r
- INTO TABLE new_table\r
- FROM old_table;\r
- DROP TABLE old_table;\r
- ALTER TABLE new_table RENAME TO old_table;\r
- COMMIT;\r
-\r
-
4.5) Ò»ÐУ¬Ò»¸ö±í£¬Ò»¸ö¿âµÄ×î´ó³ß´çÊǶàÉÙ£¿
\r- ÏÂÃæÊÇһЩÏÞÖÆ£º
Ò»¸öÊý¾Ý¿â×î´ó³ß´ç£¿ ÎÞÏÞÖÆ£¨´æÔÚ 1TB µÄÊý¾Ý¿â£©\r
- Ò»¸ö±íµÄ×î´ó³ß´ç£¿ 16TB\r
- Ò»ÐеÄ×î´ó³ß´ç£¿ 1.6TB\r
- Ò»¸ö×ֶεÄ×î´ó³ß´ç? 1GB\r
- Ò»¸ö±íÀï×î´óÐÐÊý£¿ ÎÞÏÞÖÆ\r
- Ò»¸ö±íÀï×î´óÁÐÊý£¿ ¸úÁÐÀàÐÍÓйØ,250-1600\r
- Ò»¸ö±íÀïµÄ×î´óË÷ÒýÊýÁ¿£¿ÎÞÏÞÖÆ\r
- µ±È»£¬Êµ¼ÊÉÏûÓÐÕæÕýµÄÎÞÏÞÖÆ£¬»¹ÊÇÒªÊÜ¿ÉÓôÅÅ̿ռ䡢¿ÉÓÃÄÚ´æ/½»»»ÇøµÄÖÆÔ¼¡£\r
- ±íµÄ×î´ó³ß´ç 16 TB ²»ÐèÒª²Ù×÷ϵͳ¶Ô´óÎļþµÄÖ§³Ö¡£´ó±íÓöà¸ö 1 \r
- GB µÄÎļþ´æ´¢£¬Òò´ËÎļþϵͳ³ß´çµÄÏÞÖÆÊDz»ÖØÒªµÄ¡£ \r
-
Èç¹ûȱʡµÄ¿é´óСÔö³¤µ½ 32K £¬×î´óµÄ±í³ß´çºÍ×î´óÁÐÊý¿ÉÒÔÔö¼Ó¡£
\r-
4.6)´æ´¢Ò»¸öµäÐ͵ÄƽÃæÎļþÀïµÄÊý¾ÝÐèÒª¶àÉÙ´ÅÅ̿ռ䣿
\r- Ò»¸ö Postgres Êý¾Ý¿â×î¶à¿ÉÄÜÐèÒªÏ൱ÓÚÔÚÒ»¸öƽÃæÎļþÀï´æ´¢ÏàͬÊý¾ÝµÄ5±¶µÄ´ÅÅ̿ռ䡣 \r
-
ÀýÈ磬¼ÙÉèÓÐÒ»¸ö 100,000 ÐеÄÎļþ£¬Ã¿ÐÐÓÐÒ»¸öÕûÊýºÍÒ»¸öÎı¾ÃèÊö¡£¼ÙÉèÎı¾´®µÄƽ¾ù³¤¶Èλ20×Ö½Ú¡£Æ½ÃæÎļþÕ¼Óà 2.8 MB¡£´æ·ÅÕâЩÊý¾ÝµÄ \r
- PostgreSQL Êý¾Ý¿âÎļþ´óÔ¼ÊÇ 6.4 MB:
36 ×Ö½Ú: ÿÐеÄÍ·£¨¹À¼ÆÖµ£©\r
- 24 ×Ö½Ú: Ò»¸öint×ֶκÍÒ»¸öÎı¾ÐÍ×Ö¶Î\r
- + 4 ×Ö½Ú: Ò³ÃæÄÚÖ¸ÏòÔª×éµÄÖ¸Õë\r
- ----------------------------------------\r
- 64 ×Ö½ÚÿÐÐ\r
-\r
- PostgreSQL Êý¾ÝÒ³µÄ´óСÊÇ 8192 ×Ö½Ú (8 KB)£¬Ôò£º\r
-\r
- 8192 ×Ö½Úÿҳ\r
- ------------------- = 128 ÐÐ/Êý¾ÝÒ³£¨ÏòÏÂÈ¡Õû£©\r
- 64 ×Ö½ÚÿÐÐ\r
-\r
- 100000 Êý¾ÝÐÐ\r
- -------------------- = 782 Êý¾ÝÒ³£¨ÏòÉÏÈ¡Õû£©\r
- 128 ÐÐÿҳ\r
-\r
- 782 Êý¾ÝÒ³ * 8192 ×Ö½Ú/Ò³ = 6,406,144 ×Ö½Ú£¨6.4 MB£©\r
- \r
-
Ë÷Òý²»ÐèÒªÕâô¶àµÄ¶îÍâÏûºÄ£¬µ«Ò²È·Êµ°üÀ¨±»Ë÷ÒýµÄÊý¾Ý£¬Òò´ËËüÃÇÒ²¿ÉÄܴܺó¡£
\r-
¿ÕÖµ´æ·ÅÔÚλͼÖУ¬Òò´ËÕ¼ÓúÜÉٵĿռ䡣
\r- ÈçºÎ²é¿´±í¡¢Ë÷Òý¡¢Êý¾Ý¿âÒÔ¼°Óû§µÄ¶¨Ò壿 \r
- psql ÓÐÐí¶à·´Ð±¸ÜÃüÁîÓÃÓÚÏÔʾÕâЩÐÅÏ¢¡£Óà \? ¿´¿´¶¼ÓÐÄÄЩ¡£ÒÔ pg_ ´òÍ·µÄϵͳ±íÒ²ÃèÊöÁËÕâЩÐÅÏ¢¡£ psql -l \r
- ¿ÉÒÔÁгöËùÓеÄÊý¾Ý¿â¡£\r
-
Ò²¿ÉÒÔÊÔÊÔÎļþ pgsql/src/tutorial/syscat.source¡£ËüÑÝʾÁËÐí¶à´ÓÊý¾Ý¿âϵͳ±íÀï»ñÈ¡ÐÅÏ¢ÐèÒªµÄ \r
- SELECT¡£\r
-
4.8) ÎҵIJéѯºÜÂý»òÕßûÓÐÀûÓÃË÷Òý¡£ÎªÊ²Ã´£¿
\r- ²¢·Çÿ¸ö²éѯ¶¼»á×Ô¶¯Ê¹ÓÃË÷Òý¡£Ö»ÓÐÔÚ±íµÄ´óС³¬¹ýÒ»¸ö×îСֵ£¬²¢ÇÒ²éѯֻѡÔñ±íÖнÏС±ÈÀýµÄÐÐʱ²ÉÓÃʹÓÃË÷Òý¡£ÕâÊÇÒòΪË÷ÒýɨÃèÒýÆðµÄËæ¼´´ÅÅÌ´æÈ¡¿ÉÄܱÈÖ±½ÓµØ¶ÁÈ¡±í£¨Ë³ÐòɨÃ裩¸üÂý¡£ÎªÁËÅжÏÊÇ·ñʹÓÃË÷Òý£¬PostgreSQL \r
- ±ØÐë»ñµÃÓйرíµÄͳ¼ÆÖµ¡£ÕâЩͳ¼ÆÖµ¿ÉÒÔʹÓà VACUUM ANALYZE£¬»ò ANALYZE \r
- »ñµÃ¡£Ê¹ÓÃͳ¼ÆÖµ£¬ÓÅ»¯Æ÷ÖªµÀ±íÖÐÓжàÉÙÐУ¬¾ÍÄܹ»¸üºÃµØÅжÏÊÇ·ñÀûÓÃË÷Òý¡£Í³¼ÆÖµ¶ÔÈ·¶¨ÓÅ»¯µÄÁ¬½Ó˳ÐòºÍÁ¬½Ó·½·¨Ò²ºÜÓÐÓá£ÔÚ±íµÄÄÚÈÝ·¢Éú±ä»¯Ê±£¬Ó¦¶¨ÆÚ½øÐÐͳ¼ÆÖµµÄ»ñÈ¡¡£\r
- Ë÷Òýͨ³£²»ÓÃÓÚ ORDER BY »òÖ´ÐÐÁ¬½Ó¡£¶ÔÒ»¸ö´ó±íµÄÒ»´Î˳ÐòɨÃ裬ÔÙ×öÒ»¸öÏÔʽµÄÅÅÐòͨ³£±ÈË÷ÒýɨÃèÒª¿ì¡£ \r
-
µ«ÊÇ£¬ÔÚ LIMIT ºÍ ORDER BY ½áºÏʹÓÃʱ¾³£»áʹÓÃË÷Òý£¬ÒòΪֻ»á·µ»Ø±íµÄһС²¿·Ö¡£Êµ¼ÊÉÏ£¬ËäÈ» MAX() ºÍ MIN() ²¢²»Ê¹ÓÃË÷Òý£¬Í¨¹ý¶Ô \r
- ORDER BY ºÍ LLIMIT ʹÓÃË÷ÒýÈ¡µÃ×î´óÖµºÍ×îСֵҲÊÇ¿ÉÒԵģº
\r
-
\r
- SELECT col
\r
- FROM tab
\r
- ORDER BY col [ DESC ]
\r
- LIMIT 1; \r
-
µ±Ê¹ÓÃͨÅä·û²Ù×÷£¬ÀýÈç LIKE »ò ~ ʱ£¬Ë÷ÒýÖ»ÄÜÔÚÌض¨µÄÇé¿öÏÂʹÓãº
- ×Ö·û´®µÄ¿ªÊ¼²¿·Ö±ØÐëÊÇÆÕͨ×Ö·û´®£¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵£º
\r
-
- LIKE ģʽ²»ÄÜÒÔ % ´òÍ·¡£
- ~ £¨ÕýÔò±í´ïʽ£©Ä£Ê½±ØÐëÒÔ ^ ´òÍ·¡£
\r-
×Ö·û´®²»ÄÜÒÔÆ¥Åä¶à¸ö×Ö·ûµÄģʽÀà´òÍ·£¬ÀýÈç [a-e]¡£´óСдÎ޹صIJéÕÒ£¬Èç ILIKE ºÍ ~* µÈ²»Ê¹ÓÃË÷Òý¡£µ«¿ÉÒÔÓà 4.12 ½ÚÃèÊöµÄº¯ÊýË÷Òý¡£ÔÚ×ö initdb ʱ±ØÐë²ÉÓÃȱʡµÄ±¾µØÉèÖà C locale¡£ \r
- ÎÒÈçºÎ²ÅÄÜ¿´µ½²éѯÓÅ»¯Æ÷ÊÇÔõÑù´¦ÀíÎҵIJéѯµÄ£¿ \r
- ²Î¿¼ EXPLAIN ÊÖ²áÒ³¡£ \r
-
4.10) R-tree Ë÷ÒýÊÇʲô£¿
\r-
R-tree Ë÷ÒýÓÃÓÚË÷Òý¿Õ¼äÊý¾Ý¡£Ò»¸ö¹þÏ£Ë÷ÒýÎÞ·¨´¦Àí·¶Î§ËÑË÷¡£¶ø B-tree Ë÷ÒýÖ»ÄÜ´¦ÀíһάµÄ·¶Î§ËÑË÷¡£R-tree \r
- Ë÷Òý¿ÉÒÔ´¦Àí¶àάÊý¾Ý¡£ÀýÈ磬Èç¹û¿ÉÒÔÔÚÒ»¸öÀàÐÍΪ point µÄ×Ö¶ÎÉϽ¨Á¢Ò»¸ö R-tree Ë÷Òý£¬ÄÇôϵͳÄܸü¸ßЧµØ»Ø´ðÀàËÆ \r
- ¡°Ñ¡ÔñÔÚÒ»¸ö³¤·½Ðη¶Î§ÄÚµÄËùÓе㡱¡£
\r
-
\r
- ÃèÊö×î³õµÄ R-Tree Éè¼ÆµÄÕýʽÂÛÎÄÊÇ£º
\r
-
\r
- Guttman, A. "R-Trees: A Dynamic Index Structure for Spatial Searching." Proc of \r
- the 1984 ACM SIGMOD Int'l Conf on Mgmt of Data, 45-57. \r
-
\r
-
\r
- Ä㻹¿ÉÒÔÔÚ Stonebraker µÄ¡°Readings in Database Systems¡±ÀïÕÒµ½ÕâƪÎÄÕ¡£
\r
-
\r
- ϵͳÄÚÖÃµÄ R-Tree ¿ÉÒÔ´¦Àí¶à±ßÐκͷ½ÐΡ£ÀíÂÛÉÏ˵£¬R-tree ¿ÉÒÔÀ©Õ¹Îª´¦Àí¸ü¶àάÊý¡£²»¹ýÔÚʵ¼ùÉÏ£¬À©Õ¹ R-trees \r
- ÐèÒªÒ»¶¨µÄ¹¤×÷Á¿£¬¶øÎÒÃÇĿǰûÓÐÈçºÎ×öµÄÎĵµ¡£
4.11) \r
- ʲôÊÇ»ùÒò²éѯÓÅ»¯£¨Genetic Query Optimization£©£¿ \r
-
GEQO Ä£¿é²ÉÓûùÒòËã·¨£¨Genetic Algorithm£¬GA£©¼Ó¿ì¶à±íÁ¬½ÓµÄ²éѯÓÅ»¯¡£ËüÔÊÐíͨ¹ý·ÇÇî¾ÙËÑË÷´¦Àí´óµÄÁ¬½Ó²éѯ¡£ \r
- ÎÒÔõÑù×öÕýÔò±í´ïʽËÑË÷ºÍ´óСдÎ޹صÄÕýÔò±í´ïʽËÑË÷£¿ÔõÑùÀûÓÃË÷Òý½øÐдóСдÎÞ¹ØËÑË÷£¿ \r
-
²Ù×÷·û ~ ´¦ÀíÕýÔò±í´ïʽƥÅ䣬¶ø ~* ´¦Àí´óСдÎ޹صÄÕýÔò±í´ïʽƥÅä¡£´óдЩÎÞ¹ØµÄ LIKE ±äÖÖ³ÉΪ ILIKE¡£
\r
-
\r
- ´óСдÎ޹صĵÈʽ±È½Ïͨ³£Ð´×ö£º
\r
-
\r
- SELECT *
\r
- FROM tab
\r
- WHERE lower(col) = 'abc';
\r
-
\r
- ÕâÑù½«²»»áʹÓñê×¼µÄË÷Òý¡£µ«ÊÇ¿ÉÒÔ´´½¨Ò»¸ö¿É±»ÀûÓõĺ¯ÊýË÷Òý:
\r
-
\r
- CREATE INDEX tabindex ON tab (lower(col)); \r
-
4.13) ÔÚÒ»¸ö²éѯÀÎÒÔõÑù¼ì²âÒ»¸ö×Ö¶ÎÊÇ·ñΪ NULL£¿
\r-
Óà IS NULL ºÍ IS NOT NULL ²âÊÔÕâ¸ö×ֶΡ£
\r
- \r
-
4.14) ¸÷ÖÖ×Ö·ûÀàÐÍÖ®¼äÓÐʲô²»Í¬£¿
\r- ÄÚ²¿Ãû³Æ \r
- ˵Ã÷
\r
- --------------------------------------------------
\r
- "char" char \r
- 1¸ö×Ö·û character
\r
- CHAR(#) bpchar \r
- ¶¨³¤×Ö·û´®£¬Êµ¼ÊÊý¾Ý²»×㶨Ò峤¶Èʱ£¬ÒÔ¿Õ¸ñ²¹Æë
\r
- VARCHAR(#) varchar Ö¸¶¨ÁË×î´ó³¤¶È£¬±ä³¤×Ö·û´®£¬²»×㶨Ò峤¶ÈµÄ²¿·Ö²»²¹Æë
\r
- TEXT text \r
- ´®³¤¶È½öÊÜÐеÄ×î´ó³¤¶ÈÏÞÖÆ
\r
- BYTEA bytea \r
- ±ä³¤×Ö½ÚÐòÁУ¨±ä³¤µÄ¶þ½øÖÆÊý¾Ý£©
\r
-
\r
- ÔÚϵͳ±íºÍÔÚһЩ´íÎóÐÅÏ¢ÀïÄ㽫¿´µ½ÄÚ²¿Ãû³Æ¡£
\r
-
\r
- ÉÏÃæ×îºóËÄÖÖÀàÐÍÊÇ"varlena"£¨±ä³¤£©ÀàÐÍ£¨Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵£¬¿ªÍ·µÄËĸö×Ö½ÚÊdz¤¶È£¬ºóÃæ²ÅÊÇÊý¾Ý£©¡£ÓÚÊÇʵ¼ÊÕ¼ÓõĿռä±ÈÉùÃ÷µÄ´óСҪ¶àһЩ¡£È»¶øÕâЩÀàÐͶ¼¿ÉÒÔ±»Ñ¹Ëõ´æ´¢£¬Ò²¿ÉÒÔÓà TOAST ÍÑ»ú´æ´¢£¬Òò´Ë´ÅÅÌ¿Õ¼äÒ²¿ÉÄܱÈÔ¤ÏëµÄÒªÉÙ¡£
\r
-
\r
- CHAR(n) ×îÊʺÏÓÚ´æ´¢³¤¶È»ù±¾²î²»¶àµÄ×Ö·û´®¡£VARCHAR(n) ÔÚ´æ´¢ÏÞÖÆÁË×î´ó³¤¶ÈµÄ±ä³¤×Ö·û´®ÊÇ×îºÃµÄ¡£TEXT ÊÊÓÃÓÚ´æ´¢²»ÏÞÖƳ¤¶ÈµÄ×Ö·û´®£¬×î´ó¿É´ï 1G¡£BYTEA ÓÃÓÚ´æ´¢¶þ½øÖÆÊý¾Ý£¬ÓÈÆäÊÇ°üº¬ NULL ×Ö½Ú£¨¶þ½øÖƵÄ0£©µÄÖµ¡£ÕâЩÀàÐ;ßÓÐÀàÐ͵ÄÐÔÄÜ¡£ \r
-
4.15.1) ÎÒÔõÑù´´½¨Ò»¸öÐòÁкÅ/×Ô¶¯µÝÔöµÄ×ֶΣ¿
\r-
PostgreSQL Ö§³Ö SERIAL Êý¾ÝÀàÐÍ¡£ËüÔÚ×Ö¶ÎÉÏ×Ô¶¯´´½¨Ò»¸öÐòÁкÍË÷Òý¡£ÀýÈ磬
\r
- CREATE TABLE person (
\r
- id SERIAL,
\r
- name TEXT
\r
- );
\r
-
\r
- »á×Ô¶¯×ª»»Îª£º
\r
-
\r
- CREATE SEQUENCE person_id_seq;
\r
- CREATE TABLE person (
\r
- id INT4 NOT NULL DEFAULT nextval('person_id_seq'),
\r
- name TEXT
\r
- );
\r
- CREATE UNIQUE INDEX person_id_key ON person ( id );
\r
-
\r
- ²Î¿¼ create_sequence ÊÖ²áÒ³»ñÈ¡¹ØÓÚÐòÁеĸü¶àÐÅÏ¢¡£Ä㻹¿ÉÒÔÓÃÿÐÐµÄ oid ×Ö¶Î×÷Ϊһ¸öΨһֵ¡£²»¹ý£¬Èç¹ûÄãÐèÒªÇãµ¹ºÍÖØÔØÊý¾Ý¿â£¬ÄãÐèҪʹÓà pg_dump µÄ -o Ñ¡Ïî»òÕß COPY WITH OIDS Ñ¡ÏîÒÔ±£Áô OID¡£ \r
- ÎÒÈçºÎ»ñµÃÒ»¸ö²åÈëµÄÐòÁкŵÄÖµ£¿\r
-
Ò»ÖÖ·½·¨ÊÇÔÚ²åÈë֮ǰÏÈÓú¯Êý nextval() ´ÓÐòÁжÔÏóÀï¼ìË÷³öÏÂÒ»¸ö SERIAL Öµ£¬È»ºóÔÙÏÔʽ²åÈ롣ʹÓà \r
-
4.15.1 ÀïµÄÀý±í£¬¿ÉÓÃαÂëÕâÑùÃèÊö£º
\r-
\r
- new_id = execute("SELECT nextval('person_id_seq')");
\r
- execute("INSERT INTO person (id, name) VALUES (new_id, 'Blaise Pascal')");
\r
-
\r
- ÕâÑù»¹ÄÜÔÚÆäËû²éѯÖÐʹÓôæ·ÅÔÚ new_id ÀïµÄÐÂÖµ£¨ÀýÈ磬×÷Ϊ person ±íµÄÍâ¼ü£©¡£×¢Òâ×Ô¶¯´´½¨µÄ SEQUENCE ¶ÔÏóµÄÃû³Æ½«»áÊÇ <table>_<serialcolumn>_seq£¬ÕâÀï table ºÍ serialcolumn ·Ö±ðÊÇÄãµÄ±íµÄÃû³ÆºÍÄãµÄ SERIAL ×ֶεÄÃû³Æ¡£
\r
-
\r
- ÀàËƵģ¬ÔÚ SERIAL ¶ÔÏóȱʡ²åÈëºóÄã¿ÉÒÔÓú¯Êý currval() ¼ìË÷¸Õ¸³ÖµµÄ SERIAL Öµ£¬ÀýÈ磬
\r
-
\r
- execute("INSERT INTO person (name) VALUES ('Blaise Pascal')");
\r
- new_id = execute("SELECT currval('person_id_seq')");
\r
-
\r
- ×îºó£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃ´Ó INSERT Óï¾ä·µ»ØµÄ
OID \r- ²éÕÒȱʡֵ£¬¾¡¹ÜÕâ¿ÉÄÜÊÇ×îȱ·¦ÒÆÖ²ÐԵķ½·¨¡£ÔÚ Perl ÀʹÓôøÓÐ Edmund Mergl µÄ DBD::Pg Ä£¿éµÄ DBI£¬oid Öµ¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý $sth->execute() ºóµÄ $sth->{pg_oid_status} »ñµÃ¡£ \r
-
4.15.3) ʹÓà currval() ºÍ nextval() »áµ¼ÖÂÒ»¸öÓëÆäËûÓû§Ö®¼äµÄÎÉÂÒÇé¿öÂð£¿
\r-
²»»á¡£currval() ·µ»Øºǫ́½ø³Ì¶ø²»ÊÇËùÓÐÓû§¸³ÓèµÄµ±Ç°Öµ¡£
\r
- \r
- Ϊʲô²»ÔÚÊÂÎñÒì³£ÖÐÖ¹ºóÖØÓÃÐòÁкÅÄØ£¿ÎªÊ²Ã´ÔÚÐòÁкÅ×ֶεÄÈ¡ÖµÖдæÔÚ¼ä¶ÏÄØ£¿\r
-
ΪÁËÌá¸ß²¢·¢ÐÔ£¬ÐòÁкÅÔÚÐèÒªµÄʱºò¸³ÓèÕýÔÚÔËÐеÄÊÂÎñ£¬²¢ÇÒÖ»ÔÚÊÂÎñ½áÊø֮ǰ²»·âËø¡£Õâ¾Í»áµ¼ÖÂزÕÛÊÂÎñºóµÄÐòÁкųöÏÖ¼ä¸ô¡£
\r-
\r
-
4.16) ʲôÊÇ OID£¿Ê²Ã´ÊÇ TID£¿ \r-
OID ÊÇ PostgreSQL ÖÐÐеÄΨһ±êʶ¡£PostgreSQL Àï´´½¨µÄÿһÐж¼»ñµÃÒ»¸öΨһµÄ OID¡£ËùÓÐÔÚ initdb ¹ý³ÌÖд´½¨µÄ OID ¶¼Ð¡ÓÚ 16384 £¨²Î¼û include/access/transam.h£©¡£ËùÓÐÓû§´´½¨µÄ OID ¶¼´óÓÚ»òµÈÓÚÕâ¸öÖµ¡£È±Ê¡Ê±£¬ËùÓÐÕâЩ OID ²»½öÔÚÒ»¸ö±í»òÒ»¸öÊý¾Ý¿âÀïÃæΨһ£¬¶øÇÒÔÚÕû¸ö PostgreSQL °²×°ÀïÒ²ÊÇΨһµÄ¡£
\r
-
\r
- PostgreSQL ÔÚËüµÄÄÚ²¿ÏµÍ³±íÀïʹÓà OID ÔÚ±íÖ®¼ä½¨Á¢ÁªÏµ¡£ÕâЩ OID ¿ÉÒÔÓÃÓÚ±êʶÌض¨µÄÓû§ÐÐÒÔ¼°ÓÃÔÚÁ¬½ÓÀï¡£½¨ÒéʹÓÃ×Ö¶ÎÀàÐÍ OID ´æ´¢ OID Öµ¡£¿ÉÒÔÔÚ OID ×Ö¶ÎÉÏ´´½¨Ò»¸öË÷ÒýÒÔ¿ìËÙ·ÃÎÊ¡£
\r
-
\r
- OID ´ÓÒ»¸ö±»ËùÓÐÊý¾Ý¿âʹÓõÄÖÐÐÄÇøÓòÀ︳ֵ¸øËùÓÐÐÂÐС£Èç¹ûÄãÏë°Ñ OID ¸Ä³É±ðµÄÖµ£¬»òÕßÏë×öÒ»·Ý±íµÄ´øÔʼ OID µÄ¿½±´£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔ×öµ½£º
\r
-
\r
- CREATE TABLE new(old_oid oid, mycol int);
\r
- SELECT old_oid, mycol INTO new FROM old;
\r
- COPY new TO '/tmp/pgtable';
\r
- DELETE FROM new;
\r
- COPY new WITH OIDS FROM '/tmp/pgtable';
\r
-
\r
- OID ÓÃ4×Ö½ÚµÄÕûÊý±£´æ£¬ÔÚ³¬¹ý40ÒÚʱ½«Òç³ö¡£Ã»ÓÐÈ˱¨¸æ³öÏÖ¹ýÒç³ö£¬¶øÎÒÃÇ´òËãÔÚÓÐÈ˱¨¸æ֮ǰÏû³ýÕâ¸öÏÞÖÆ¡£
\r
-
\r
- TID ÓÃÓÚ±êʶ´ø×ÅÊý¾Ý¿é£¨µØÖ·£©ºÍ£¨¿éÄÚ£©Æ«ÒƵÄÌض¨µÄÎïÀíÐС£TID ÔÚÐб»¸ü¸Ä»òÖØÔغó·¢Éú¸Ä±ä¡£Ë÷ÒýÈë¿ÚʹÓÃËüÃÇÖ¸ÏòÎïÀíÐС£ \r
-
4.17) PostgreSQL ʹÓõÄһЩÊõÓïµÄº¬ÒåÊÇʲô£¿
\r-
һЩԴ´úÂëºÍһЩ¾ÉÒ»µãµÄÎĵµÊ¹ÓÃһЩÓиü³£ÓÃÓ÷¨µÄÊõÓï¡£ÏÂÃæÊÇÆäÖÐÒ»²¿·Ö£º
\r
- table, relation, class
\r
- row, record, tuple
\r
- column, field, attribute
\r
- retrieve, select
\r
- replace, update
\r
- append, insert
\r
- OID, serial value
\r
- portal, cursor
\r
- range variable, table name, table alias
\r
-
\r
- ÓÐÒ»¸öͨÓÃÊý¾Ý¿âÊõÓïµÄÁÐ±í£º
http://hea-www.harvard.edu/MST/simul/software/docs/pkgs/pgsql/glossary/glossary.html \r- ¡£ \r
- ΪʲôÎÒÊÕµ½´íÎó¡°ERROR: Memory exhausted in AllocSetAlloc()¡±£¿\r
-
ÕâºÜ¿ÉÄÜÊÇϵͳµÄÐéÄâÄÚ´æÓùâÁË£¬»òÕßÄں˶ÔijЩ×ÊÔ´Óнϵ͵ÄÏÞÖÆÖµ¡£ÔÚÆô¶¯ postmaster ֮ǰÊÔÊÔÏÂÃæµÄÃüÁ
\r
-
\r
- ulimit -d 262144
\r
- limit datasize 256m
\r
-
\r
- È¡¾öÓÚÄãÓÃµÄ shell£¬ÉÏÃæÃüÁîÖ»ÓÐÒ»ÌõÄܳɹ¦£¬µ«ÊÇËü½«°ÑÄãµÄ½ø³ÌÊý¾Ý¶ÎÏÞÖÆÉèµÃ±È½Ï¸ß£¬Òò¶øÒ²ÐíÄÜÈòéѯÍê³É¡£ÕâÌõÃüÁîÓ¦ÓÃÓÚµ±Ç°½ø³Ì£¬ÒÔ¼°ËùÓÐÔÚÕâÌõÃüÁîÔËÐк󴴽¨µÄ×Ó½ø³Ì¡£Èç¹ûÄãÊÇÔÚÔËÐÐSQL¿Í»§¶ËʱÒòΪºǫ́·µ»ØÁËÌ«¶àµÄÊý¾Ý¶ø³öÏÖÎÊÌ⣬ÇëÔÚÔËÐпͻ§¶Ë֮ǰִÐÐÉÏÊöÃüÁî¡£ \r
- ÎÒÈçºÎ²ÅÄÜÖªµÀËùÔËÐÐµÄ PostgreSQL µÄ°æ±¾£¿ \r
-
´Ó psql À¼üÈë SELECT version()£»
\r
- \r
- ΪʲôÎҵĴó¶ÔÏó²Ù×÷µ¼Ö´íÎó¡°invalid large obj descriptor¡±£¨·Ç·¨µÄ´ó¶ÔÏóÃèÊö·û£©£¿ \r
-
ÄãÐèÒªÔÚʹÓÃÈκδó¶ÔÏó¾ä±úµÄÇ°ºó·ÅÉÏ BEGIN WORK ºÍ COMMIT£¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵£¬°üΧ lo_open ... lo_close¡£
\r
-
\r
- Ä¿Ç° PostgreSQL Ç¿ÖÆʵʩÕâÌõ¹æÔò£ºÔÚÊÂÎñÌύʱ¹Ø±Õ´ó¶ÔÏó¾ä±ú£¬ÕâÑù£¬£¨Ã»ÓвÉÓÃÊÂÎñʱ£©£¬Ê״ζԴó¶ÔÏó¾ä±ú×öÈκÎÊÂÇéµÄÆóͼ¶¼»áµ¼ÖÂÒ»¸ö invalid large obj descriptor¡£ËùÒÔ£¬Èç¹ûÄãûÓÐʹÓÃÒ»¸öÊÂÎñ£¬ÒÔÇ°Äܹ¤×÷µÄ´úÂ루ÖÁÉÙÊÇ´ó¶àÊýʱ¼ä£©½«»áÉú³ÉÕâôһ¸ö´íÎóÐÅÏ¢¡£
\r
-
\r
- Èç¹ûÄãʹÓÿͻ§¶Ë½Ó¿Ú£¬Èç ODBC£¬Äã¿ÉÄÜÐèÒª set auto-commit off¡£ \r
-
4.21) ÎÒÈçºÎ´´½¨Ò»¸öȱʡֵÊǵ±Ç°Ê±¼äµÄ×ֶΣ¿
\r-
ʹÓà CURRENT_TIMESTAMP£º
\r
-
\r
- CREATE TABLE test(x int, modtime timestamp DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP); \r
-
4.22) ΪʲôʹÓà IN µÄ×Ó²éѯÕâôÂý£¿
\r-
Ä¿Ç°£¬ÎÒÃÇͨ¹ýΪÍâ²éѯµÄÿһÐÐ˳ÐòɨÃè×Ó²éѯµÄ½á¹ûÀ´Á¬½Ó×Ó²éѯºÍÍâ²éѯ¡£Èç¹û×Ó²éѯ·µ»ØÉÙÊý¼¸ÐУ¬¶øÍâ²éѯ·µ»ØºÜ¶àÐУ¬IN Ö´Ðеúܿ졣ΪÁ˼ӿìÆäËû IN ²éѯµÄÖ´ÐУ¬¿ÉÒÔÓà EXISTS Ìæ»» IN£º
\r
-
\r
- SELECT *
\r
- FROM tab
\r
- WHERE col IN (SELECT subcol FROM subtab);
\r
-
\r
- ¸ÄΪ£º
\r
-
\r
- SELECT *
\r
- FROM tab
\r
- WHERE EXISTS (SELECT subcol FROM subtab WHERE subcol = col);
\r
-
\r
- ºóÕßÒªÏëÖ´Ðеøü¿ì£¬subcol Ó¦¸ÃÊÇÒ»¸öË÷ÒýÁС£ÎÒÃÇÏ£ÍûÔÚδÀ´µÄ·¢²¼°æ±¾ÖÐÐÞ²¹Õâ¸öÏÞÖÆ¡£ \r
-
4.23) ÎÒÔõÑù½øÐÐ outer join £¨ÍâÁ¬½Ó£©£¿
\r-
PostgreSQL ²ÉÓñê×¼µÄ SQL Óï·¨Ö§³ÖÍâÁ¬½Ó¡£ÕâÀïÊÇÁ½¸öÀý×Ó£º
\r
-
\r
- SELECT *
\r
- FROM t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN t2 ON (t1.col = t2.col);
\r
-
\r
- »ò
\r
- SELECT *
\r
- FROM t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN t2 USING (col);
\r
-
\r
- ÕâÁ½¸öµÈ¼ÛµÄ²éѯÔÚ t1.col ºÍ t2.col ÉÏ×öÁ¬½Ó£¬²¢ÇÒ·µâ»?t1 ÖÐËùÓÐδÁ¬½ÓµÄÐУ¨ÄÇЩÔÚ t2 ÖÐûÓÐÆ¥ÅäµÄÐУ©¡£ÓÒ[Íâ]Á¬½Ó(RIGHT OUTER JOIN)½«·µ»Ø t2 ÖÐδÁ¬½ÓµÄÐС£ÍêÈ«ÍâÁ¬½Ó£¨FULL OUTER JOIN£©½«·µ»Ø t1 ºÍ t2 ÖÐδÁ¬½ÓµÄÐС£¹Ø¼ü×Ö OUTER ÔÚ×ó[Íâ]Á¬½Ó¡¢ÓÒ[Íâ]Á¬½ÓºÍÍêÈ«[Íâ]Á¬½ÓÖÐÊÇ¿ÉÑ¡µÄ£¬ÆÕͨÁ¬½Ó±»³ÉΪÄÚÁ¬½Ó£¨INNER JOIN£©¡£
\r
-
\r
- ÔÚ´ËÇ°µÄ°æ±¾ÖУ¬ÍâÁ¬½Ó¿ÉÒÔÓà UNION ºÍ NOT IN À´Ä£Äâ¡£ÀýÈ磬ÏÂÃæµÄÀý×ÓÔÚ±í tab1 ºÍ tab2 Ö®¼ä×öÍâÁ¬½Ó£º
\r
-
\r
- SELECT tab1.col1, tab2.col2
\r
- FROM tab1, tab2
\r
- WHERE tab1.col1 = tab2.col1
\r
-
\r
- UNION ALL
\r
-
\r
- SELECT tab1.col1, NULL
\r
- FROM tab1
\r
- WHERE tab1.col1 NOT IN (SELECT tab2.col1 FROM tab2)
\r
- ORDER BY col1 \r
- ÈçºÎʹÓÃÉæ¼°¶à¸öÊý¾Ý¿âµÄ²éѯ£¿\r
-
ûÓа취²éѯµ±Ç°Êý¾Ý¿âÖ®ÍâµÄÊý¾Ý¿â¡£ÒòΪ PostgreSQL ¼ÓÔØÊý¾Ý¿âÏà¹ØµÄϵͳĿ¼£¨ÏµÍ³±í£©£¬¿çÊý¾Ý¿âµÄ²éѯÈçºÎÖ´ÐÐҲδÃ÷È·¡£
\r
-
\r
- contrib/dblink ÔÊÐí²ÉÓú¯Êýµ÷ÓÃʵÏÖ¿ç¿â²éѯ¡£µ±È»¿ÉÒÔͬʱÁ¬½Óµ½²»Í¬µÄÊý¾Ý¿â²¢ÔÚ¿Í»§¶ËºÏ²¢½á¹û¡£ \r
- ÈçºÎÈú¯Êý·µ»Ø¶àÐлò¶àÁУ¿\r
-
¿ÉÒÔÔÚ PL/pgSQL º¯ÊýÖÐʹÓà refcursors ·µ»Ø½á¹û¼¯¡£²Î¿´ \r
-
http://www.PostgreSQL.org/idocs/index.php?plpgsql-cursors.html, 23.7.3.3½Ú¡£
\r- \r
- PL/PgSQL º¯ÊýÖв»ÄÜ¿É¿¿µØ´´½¨»òɾ³ýÁÙʱ±í£¿ \r
- »º´æº¯ÊýµÄÄÚÈÝ£¬ÓÉ´Ë´øÀ´µÄÒ»¸ö²»ºÃµÄ¸±×÷ÓÃÊÇÈôÒ»¸ö PL/PgSQL \r
- º¯Êý·ÃÎÊÁËÒ»¸öÁÙʱ±í£¬È»ºó¸Ã±í±»É¾³ý²¢Öؽ¨ÁË£¬ÔòÔٴε÷Óøú¯Êý½«Ê§°Ü£¬ÒòΪ»º´æµÄº¯ÊýÄÚÈÝÈÔȻָÏò¾ÉµÄÁÙʱ±í¡£½â¾öµÄ·½·¨ÊÇÔÚ \r
- PL/PgSQL ÖÐÓÃ EXECUTE \r
- ¶ÔÁÙʱ±í½øÐзÃÎÊ¡£ÕâÑù»á±£Ö¤²éѯÔÚÖ´ÐÐÇ°×ÜÊÇÖØзÖÎö¡£\r
- ÓÐÄÄЩÊý¾Ý¸´ÖÆÑ¡Ï\r
-
Óм¸ÖÖÖ÷/´Ó·½Ê½µÄ¸´ÖÆÑ¡Ïî¡£ÕâЩѡÏîÖ»ÔÊÐíÖ÷Êý¾Ý¿â½øÐиüУ¬´ÓÊý¾Ý¿âÖ»ÄܽøÐжÁ¡£ÍøÒ³ \r
-
http://gborg.PostgreSQL.org/genpage?replication_research \r- µÄ×îºóÁгöÁËÕâЩѡÏî¡£ÔÚ
http://gborg.PostgreSQL.org/project/pgreplication/projdisplay.php \r- ÕýÔÚ½øÐÐÒ»¸ö¶àÖ÷±¾¸´ÖƵĽâ¾ö·½°¸¡£ \r
- ÓÐÄÄЩÊý¾Ý¼ÓÃÜÑ¡Ï\r
-
\r
- \r
- \r
-
contrib/pgcrypto °üº¬Á˺ܶàÔÚ SQL \r
- ²éѯÖÐʹÓõļÓÃܺ¯Êý¡£¼ÓÃÜ¿Í»§¶Ëµ½·þÎñÆ÷¶Ë´«ÊäÊý¾ÝµÄΨһ·½·¨ÊÇÔÚ pg_hba.conf \r
- ÖвÉÓà hostss ¡£
\r
-
\r
- 7.3 \r
- °æ±¾ÖÐ×Ô¶¯¶ÔÊý¾Ý¿âÓû§ÃÜÂë½øÐмÓÃÜ¡£ÔÚÒÔÇ°µÄ°æ±¾ÖУ¬±ØÐëÔÚ \r
- postgresql.conf Öдò¿ª PASSWORD_ENCRYPTION \r
- Ñ¡Ïî¡£·þÎñÆ÷¿ÉÒÔÔËÐÐÔÚ¼ÓÃܵÄÎļþϵͳÉÏ£¨ÒÔ´ïµ½¼ÓÃܵÄÄ¿µÄ£©¡£
\r
-
\r
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------\r
- À©Õ¹ PostgreSQL \r
- ÎÒдÁËÒ»¸öÓû§¶¨Ò庯Êý¡£µ±ÎÒÔÚ psql ÀïÔËÐÐʱ£¬ÎªÊ²Ã´»áµ¼Ö core dump£¿ \r
-
²úÉúÕâ¸öÎÊÌâµÄÔÒòºÜ¶à¡£ÇëÏÈÔÚÒ»¸öµ¥¶ÀµÄ²âÊÔ³ÌÐòÖвâÊÔÄãµÄ×Ô¶¨Ò庯Êý¡£
\r- PostgreSQL ¹±Ï×һЩͦ²»´íµÄÐÂÀàÐͺͺ¯Êý£¿ \r
-
½«ÄãµÄÀ©Õ¹·¢Ë͵½ pgsql-hackers \r
- ÓʼþÁÐ±í£¬ËüÃÇ×îÖջᱻ·Åµ½ contrib/ ×ÓĿ¼¡£
\r
- \r
-
5.3) ÎÒÔõÑùдһ¸ö·µ»ØÒ»ÌõÔª×éµÄ C º¯Êý£¿
\r-
ÔÚ PostgreSQL 7.3 ÒÔºóµÄ°æ±¾ÖУ¬C, PL/PgSQL ºÍ SQL \r
- ÍêÈ«Ö§³Ö·µ»ØֵΪ±íµÄº¯Êý¡£¸ü¶àÐÅÏ¢Çë²Î¿¼ \r
- ³ÌÐòÔ±Ö¸ÄÏ£¨the Programmer's Guide£©¡£ÔÚ contrib/tablefunc \r
- ÖÐÓÐÒ»¸öÀý×ÓÊÇÓà C дµÄ·µ»ØֵΪ±íµÄº¯Êý¡£ \r
- ÎÒÐÞ¸ÄÁËÒ»¸öÔ´Îļþ£¬ÎªÊ²Ã´ÖØбàÒëºóûÓп´µ½¸Ä±ä£¿\r
-
Makefiles ÖÐûÓаüº¬Í·ÎļþµÄÕýÈ·ÒÀÀµ¡£Äú±ØÐëÏÈ×ömake \r
- clean£¬ ÔÙ×öÒ»´Î make ¡£Èç¹ûÄúʹÓõÄÊÇ GCC \r
- £¬Ôò¿ÉÒÔ²ÉÓÃÑ¡Ïî --enable-depend \r
- ÈñàÒëÆ÷×Ô¶¯Éú³ÉÍ·ÎļþµÄÒÀÀµ¹Øϵ¡£\r
- \r
-
projects / postgresql.git / commitdiff