grid-template

Baseline Widely available

This feature is well established and works across many devices and browser versions. It’s been available across browsers since October 2017.

grid-template，CSS 属性简写，用以定义网格中行、列与分区。

尝试一下

grid-template:
  "a a a" 40px
  "b c c" 40px
  "b c c" 40px / 1fr 1fr 1fr;

grid-template:
  "b b a" auto
  "b b c" 2ch
  "b b c" 1em / 20% 20px 1fr;

grid-template:
  "a a ." minmax(50px, auto)
  "a a ." 80px
  "b b c" auto / 2em 3em auto;


  

    

      
One

      
Two

      
Three

    

  




#example-element {
  border: 1px solid #c5c5c5;
  display: grid;
  grid-gap: 10px;
  width: 200px;
}

#example-element :nth-child(1) {
  background-color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 0.2);
  border: 3px solid blue;
  grid-area: a;
}

#example-element :nth-child(2) {
  background-color: rgba(255, 0, 200, 0.2);
  border: 3px solid rebeccapurple;
  grid-area: b;
}

#example-element :nth-child(3) {
  background-color: rgba(94, 255, 0, 0.2);
  border: 3px solid green;
  grid-area: c;
}

所简写属性：grid-template-rows、grid-template-columns与grid-template-areas。

语法

css
/* 值为关键词 */
grid-template: none;

/* 为 grid-template-rows / grid-template-columns */
grid-template: 100px 1fr / 50px 1fr;
grid-template: auto 1fr / auto 1fr auto;
grid-template: [linename] 100px / [columnname1] 30% [columnname2] 70%;
grid-template: fit-content(100px) / fit-content(40%);

/* 为 grid-template-areas grid-template-rows / grid-template-column */
grid-template:
  "a a a"
  "b b b";
grid-template:
  "a a a" 20%
  "b b b" auto;
grid-template:
  [header-top] "a a a" [header-bottom]
  [main-top] "b b b" 1fr [main-bottom]
  / auto 1fr auto;

/* 为全局值 */
grid-template: inherit;
grid-template: initial;
grid-template: unset;

可设值

none

关键词，设上文“所简写属性”为none，即恢复默认设置。行列隐式生成，grid-auto-rows与grid-auto-columns定其尺寸。

<'grid-template-rows'> / <'grid-template-columns'>

指定grid-template-rows与grid-template-columns之值，并设grid-template-areas为none。

[ ? ? ? ]+ [ / ]?

设grid-template-areas为列得、grid-template-columns为（默认为none）、grid-template-rows为（默认为auto）并拼接尺寸前后所定义之行。

注：轨道被用以与“ASCII art”（即字符画，此处指）中行列逐一视觉对齐，故中不允许repeat()。

注：grid可如此用，但将重置隐式网格属性。Use grid (as opposed to grid-template) to prevent these values from cascading in seperately.

形式语法

grid-template = 
  none                                                |
  [ <'grid-template-rows'> / <'grid-template-columns'> ]  |
  [ ?  ? ? ]+ [ /  ]?  

 = 
  none                       |
                 |
            |
  subgrid ?  

 = 
  none                       |
                 |
            |
  subgrid ?  

 = 
  '[' * ']'  

 = 
                                     |
  minmax(  ,  )  |
  fit-content(  )          

 = 
  [ ?  ]+ ?  

 = 
  [ ? [  |  ] ]+ ?  

 = 
  [ ? [  |  ] ]* ?  [ ? [  |  ] ]* ?  

 = 
  [  |  ]+  

 = 
    |
                 |
  min-content                |
  max-content                |
  auto                       

 = 
    |
  min-content                |
  max-content                |
  auto                       

 = 
        |
    

 = 
  repeat( [  ] , [ ?  ]+ ? )  

 = 
                                     |
  minmax(  ,  )       |
  minmax(  ,  )  

 = 
  repeat( [  ] , [ ?  ]+ ? )  

 = 
  repeat( [ auto-fill | auto-fit ] , [ ?  ]+ ? )  

 = 
  repeat( [  | auto-fill ] , + )  

 =

示例

CSS

css
#page {
  display: grid;
  width: 100%;
  height: 200px;
  grid-template:
    [header-left] "head head" 30px [header-right]
    [main-left] "nav  main" 1fr [main-right]
    [footer-left] "nav  foot" 30px [footer-right]
    / 120px 1fr;
}

header {
  background-color: lime;
  grid-area: head;
}

nav {
  background-color: lightblue;
  grid-area: nav;
}

main {
  background-color: yellow;
  grid-area: main;
}

footer {
  background-color: red;
  grid-column: foot;
}

HTML

html

  
Header

  
  
Main area

  
Footer

结果

规范

Specification
CSS Grid Layout Module Level 2
# explicit-grid-shorthand
初始值该简写所对应的每个属性：
适用元素网格容器
是否是继承属性否
Percentages该简写所对应的每个属性：
计算值该简写所对应的每个属性：
动画类型该简写所对应的每个属性：
  • grid-template-columns: simple list of length, percentage, or calc, provided the only differences are in the values of the length, percentage, or calc components in the list
  • grid-template-rows: simple list of length, percentage, or calc, provided the only differences are in the values of the length, percentage, or calc components in the list
  • grid-template-areas: 离散值

浏览器兼容性

参见