vertical-align
Baseline Widely available
This feature is well established and works across many devices and browser versions. It’s been available across browsers since July 2015.
The vertical-align
CSS property sets vertical alignment of an inline, inline-block or table-cell box.
Try it
vertical-align: baseline;
vertical-align: top;
vertical-align: middle;
vertical-align: bottom;
vertical-align: sub;
vertical-align: text-top;
Align the star:
#default-example > p {
line-height: 3em;
font-family: monospace;
font-size: 1.2em;
text-decoration: underline overline;
}
The vertical-align
property can be used in two contexts:
- To vertically align an inline-level element's box inside its containing line box. For example, it could be used to vertically position an image in a line of text.
- To vertically align the content of a cell in a table.
Note that vertical-align
only applies to inline, inline-block and table-cell elements: you can't use it to vertically align block-level elements.
Syntax
/* Keyword values */
vertical-align: baseline;
vertical-align: sub;
vertical-align: super;
vertical-align: text-top;
vertical-align: text-bottom;
vertical-align: middle;
vertical-align: top;
vertical-align: bottom;
/* values */
vertical-align: 10em;
vertical-align: 4px;
/* values */
vertical-align: 20%;
/* Global values */
vertical-align: inherit;
vertical-align: initial;
vertical-align: revert;
vertical-align: revert-layer;
vertical-align: unset;
The vertical-align
property is specified as one of the values listed below.
Values for inline elements
Parent-relative values
These values vertically align the element relative to its parent element:
baseline
-
Aligns the baseline of the element with the baseline of its parent. The baseline of some replaced elements, like
, is not specified by the HTML specification, meaning that their behavior with this keyword may vary between browsers.
sub
-
Aligns the baseline of the element with the subscript-baseline of its parent.
super
-
Aligns the baseline of the element with the superscript-baseline of its parent.
text-top
-
Aligns the top of the element with the top of the parent element's font.
text-bottom
-
Aligns the bottom of the element with the bottom of the parent element's font.
middle
-
Aligns the middle of the element with the baseline plus half the x-height of the parent.
-
Aligns the baseline of the element to the given length above the baseline of its parent. A negative value is allowed.
-
Aligns the baseline of the element to the given percentage above the baseline of its parent, with the value being a percentage of the
line-height
property. A negative value is allowed.
Line-relative values
The following values vertically align the element relative to the entire line:
top
-
Aligns the top of the element and its descendants with the top of the entire line.
bottom
-
Aligns the bottom of the element and its descendants with the bottom of the entire line.
For elements that do not have a baseline, the bottom margin edge is used instead.
Values for table cells
baseline
(andsub
,super
,text-top
,text-bottom
,
, and
)-
Aligns the baseline of the cell with the baseline of all other cells in the row that are baseline-aligned.
top
-
Aligns the top padding edge of the cell with the top of the row.
middle
-
Centers the padding box of the cell within the row.
bottom
-
Aligns the bottom padding edge of the cell with the bottom of the row.
Negative values are allowed.
Formal definition
Initial value | baseline |
---|---|
Applies to | inline-level and table-cell elements. It also applies to ::first-letter and ::first-line . |
Inherited | no |
Percentages | refer to the line-height of the element itself |
Computed value | for percentage and length values, the absolute length, otherwise the keyword as specified |
Animation type | a length |
Formal syntax
Examples
Basic example
HTML
An
image with
a default alignment.
An
image with a text-top alignment.
An
image with a text-bottom alignment.
An
image with a middle alignment.
CSS
img.top {
vertical-align: text-top;
}
img.bottom {
vertical-align: text-bottom;
}
img.middle {
vertical-align: middle;
}
Result
Vertical alignment in a line box
HTML
top:
middle:
bottom:
super:
sub:
text-top:
text-bottom:
0.2em:
-1em:
20%:
-100%:
Result
Vertical alignment in a table cell
In this example, we have a table with a single row containing six cells. The row sets vertical-align
to bottom
as the default value.
- The first four cells each set their own
vertical-align
values, and these override the row's value. - The fifth cell does not set any
vertical-align
value, so inherits the row's value.
The sixth cell is only used to ensure that the cells are tall enough to see the effect.
HTML
baseline
top
middle
bottom
Row's style
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Suspendisse
pretium felis eu sem mattis vulputate.
CSS
table {
margin-left: auto;
margin-right: auto;
width: 80%;
}
table,
th,
td {
border: 1px solid black;
}
td {
padding: 0.5em;
font-family: monospace;
}
.bottom {
vertical-align: bottom;
}
.baseline {
vertical-align: baseline;
}
.top {
vertical-align: top;
}
.middle {
vertical-align: middle;
}
Result
Specifications
Specification |
---|
CSS Inline Layout Module Level 3 # propdef-vertical-align |