Add spanner samples and quickstart (GoogleCloudPlatform#372)

Author: bshaffer

spanner/README.md

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+Google Cloud Spanner PHP Samples
+================================
+
+This directory contains samples for Google Cloud Spanner.
+[Google Cloud Spanner][spanner] is a highly scalable, transactional, managed,
+[NewSQL][newsql] database service. Cloud Spanner solves the need for a
+horizontally-scaling database with consistent global transactions and SQL
+semantics.
+
+[spanner]: https://cloud.google.com/spanner/docs
+[newsql]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NewSQL
+
+## Setup
+
+### Authentication
+
+Authentication is typically done through [Application Default Credentials][adc]
+which means you do not have to change the code to authenticate as long as
+your environment has credentials. You have a few options for setting up
+authentication:
+
+1. When running locally, use the [Google Cloud SDK][google-cloud-sdk]
+
+        gcloud auth application-default login
+
+1. When running on App Engine or Compute Engine, credentials are already
+   set-up. However, you may need to configure your Compute Engine instance
+   with [additional scopes][additional_scopes].
+
+1. You can create a [Service Account key file][service_account_key_file]. This file can be used to
+   authenticate to Google Cloud Platform services from any environment. To use
+   the file, set the ``GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS`` environment variable to
+   the path to the key file, for example:
+
+        export GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS=/path/to/service_account.json
+
+[adc]: https://cloud.google.com/docs/authentication#getting_credentials_for_server-centric_flow
+[additional_scopes]: https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/authentication#using
+[service_account_key_file]: https://developers.google.com/identity/protocols/OAuth2ServiceAccount#creatinganaccount
+
+## Install Dependencies
+
+1. [Enable the Cloud Spanner API](https://console.cloud.google.com/flows/enableapi?apiid=spanner.googleapis.com).
+
+1. **Install dependencies** via [Composer](http://getcomposer.org/doc/00-intro.md).
+    Run `php composer.phar install` (if composer is installed locally) or `composer install`
+    (if composer is installed globally).
+
+1. Create a service account at the
+[Service account section in the Cloud Console](https://console.cloud.google.com/iam-admin/serviceaccounts/)
+
+1. Download the json key file of the service account.
+
+1. Set `GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS` environment variable pointing to that file.
+
+## Samples
+
+To run the Spanner Samples:
+
+    $ php spanner.php
+
+    Cloud Spanner
+
+    Usage:
+      command [options] [arguments]
+
+    Options:
+      -h, --help            Display this help message
+      -q, --quiet           Do not output any message
+      -V, --version         Display this application version
+          --ansi            Force ANSI output
+          --no-ansi         Disable ANSI output
+      -n, --no-interaction  Do not ask any interactive question
+      -v|vv|vvv, --verbose  Increase the verbosity of messages: 1 for normal output, 2 for more verbose output and 3 for debug
+
+    Available commands:
+      add-column                    Adds a new column to the Albums table in the example database.
+      create-database               Creates a database and tables for sample data.
+      create-index                  Adds a simple index to the example database.
+      create-storing-index          Adds an storing index to the example database.
+      help                          Displays help for a command
+      insert-data                   Inserts sample data into the given database.
+      list                          Lists commands
+      query-data                    Queries sample data from the database using SQL.
+      query-data-with-index         Queries sample data from the database using SQL and an index.
+      query-data-with-new-column    Queries sample data from the database using SQL.
+      read-data                     Reads sample data from the database.
+      read-data-with-index          Reads sample data from the database using an index.
+      read-data-with-storing-index  Reads sample data from the database using an index with a storing clause.
+      read-only-transaction         Reads data inside of a read-only transaction.
+      read-write-transaction        Performs a read-write transaction to update two sample records in the database.
+      update-data                   Updates sample data in the database.
+
+
+
+## The client library
+
+This sample uses the [Google Cloud Client Library for PHP][google-cloud-php].
+You can read the documentation for more details on API usage and use GitHub
+to [browse the source][google-cloud-php-source] and  [report issues][google-cloud-php-issues].
+
+[google-cloud-php]: https://googlecloudplatform.github.io/google-cloud-php
+[google-cloud-php-source]: https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/google-cloud-php
+[google-cloud-php-issues]: https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/google-cloud-php/issues
+[google-cloud-sdk]: https://cloud.google.com/sdk/

spanner/composer.json

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+{
+  "require": {
+    "google/cloud-spanner": "^0.1.1",
+    "symfony/console": "^3.2"
+  },
+  "require-dev": {
+    "phpunit/phpunit": "^4"
+  },
+  "autoload": {
+    "files": [
+      "src/add_column.php",
+      "src/insert_data.php",
+      "src/read_data.php",
+      "src/read_write_transaction.php",
+      "src/create_database.php",
+      "src/query_data.php",
+      "src/read_data_with_index.php",
+      "src/update_data.php",
+      "src/create_index.php",
+      "src/query_data_with_index.php",
+      "src/read_data_with_storing_index.php",
+      "src/create_storing_index.php",
+      "src/query_data_with_new_column.php",
+      "src/read_only_transaction.php"
+    ]
+  }
+}