Fix pg_strtof() to not crash on NULL endptr.

Fix pg_strtof() to not crash on NULL endptr.

We had managed not to notice this simple oversight because none
of our calls exercised the case --- until commit 8f427187d.
That led to pg_dump crashing on any platform that uses this code
(currently Cygwin and Mingw).

Even though there's no immediate bug in the back branches, backpatch,
because a non-POSIX-compliant strtof() substitute is trouble waiting
to happen for extensions or future back-patches.

Diagnosed-by: Alexander Lakhin 
Author: Tom Lane 
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/339b3902-4e98-4e31-a744-94e43b7b9292@gmail.com
Backpatch-through: 13