+ linkend="SQL-CREATETYPE-enum">enumerate types with
+ no labels (Bruce Momjian)
+
+
+ This is useful for supporting binary upgrades.
+
+
+
+
+ Have columns defined with storage type MAIN remain on
+ the main heap page unless it cannot fit (Kevin Grittner)
+
+
+ Previously
MAIN values were forced to TOAST+ tables until the row size was one-quarter of the page size.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
<command>ALTER</>
+
+
+
+ Add ALTER
+ DEFAULT PRIVILEGES command to control privileges
+ of all newly-created objects (Petr Jelinek)
+
+
+ It currently supports tables, views, sequences, and functions, and
+ also has per-schema control.
+
+
+
+
+ Implement IF EXISTS for DROP COLUMN and
+ DROP CONSTRAINT (Andres Freund)
+
+
+
+
+ Allow ALTER TABLE commands which rewrite tables to skip
+
WAL logging (Itagaki Takahiro)+
+
+ Such operations either complete fully or are rolled back, so
+
WAL archiving can be skipped, unless running in continuous+ archiving mode.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
<link linkend="SQL-CREATETABLE"><command>CREATE TABLE</></link>
+
+
+
+ Add support for copying COMMENTS and STORAGE
+ to the CREATE TABLE ... LIKE INCLUDING command (Itagaki
+ Takahiro)
+
+
+
+
+ Add support for copying all attributes to the CREATE
+ TABLE LIKE INCLUDING command (Itagaki Takahiro)
+
+
+
+
+ Add the SQL-standard CREATE TABLE ... OF type command
+ (Peter Eisentraut)
+
+
+ This allows the creation of a table to match an existing composite
+ type. Additional constraints and defaults can be specified in the
+ command.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Constraints
+
+
+
+ Add deferrable
+ unique constraints (Dean Rasheed)
+
+
+ This allows UPDATE tab SET col = col + 1 to work on
+ columns that have a unique indexes or are marked as primary keys,
+ but DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED must be used to mark
+ the constraint as deferred.
+
+
+
+
+ Generalize uniqueness constraints by allowing arbitrary operator
+ comparisons, not just equality (Jeff Davis)
+
+
+ This is enabled with the
+ linkend="SQL-CREATETABLE-EXCLUDE">CREATE
+ TABLE CONSTRAINT ... EXCLUDE clause. While
+ uniqueness checks could be specified using this syntax,
+ the real value of this feature is in using complex
+ operators that do not have built-in constraints.
+
+
+
+
+ Improve the constraint violation error message to report the values
+ causing the failure (Itagaki Takahiro)
+
+
+ For example, a uniqueness constraint violation now reports Key
+ (x)=(2) already exists.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Object Permissions
+
+
+
+ Add the ability to make mass permission changes per
+ schema using the new
+ linkend="SQL-GRANT">GRANT/REVOKE
+ IN SCHEMA clause (Petr Jelinek)
+
+
+
+
+ Add the ability to control large object permissions with
+ GRANT/REVOKE (KaiGai Kohei)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Utility Operations
+
+
+
+
+ Have
LISTEN/
+ linkend="SQL-NOTIFY">NOTIFY store events
+ in a memory queue, rather than a system table (Joachim
+ Wieland)
+
+
+ This greatly improves performance for these operations.
+
+
+
+
+ Allow NOTIFY
+ to pass an optional string to listeners (Joachim Wieland)
+
+
+
+
+ Allow CLUSTER
+ on all system tables (Tom Lane)
+
+
+ Global system tables still cannot be clustered.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
<link linkend="SQL-COPY"><command>COPY</></link>
+
+
+
+ Allow * as a parameter in FORCE QUOTE for
+ COPY CSV (Itagaki Takahiro)
+
+
+ This forces quotes for all
CSV output columns.+
+
+
+
+ Add new COPY syntax that allows parameters to be
+ specified in parentheses (Robert Haas, Emmanuel Cecchet)
+
+
+ This allows greater flexibility for future COPY options.
+ The old syntax is still supported.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
<link linkend="SQL-EXPLAIN"><command>EXPLAIN</></link>
+
+
+
+ Add new EXPLAIN (BUFFERS) to report query buffer
+ activity (Itagaki Takahiro)
+
+
+ log_*_stats log output, e.g.
+ linkend="runtime-config-statistics-monitor">log_statement_stats,
+ no longer shows this information.
+
+
+
+
+ Add hash usage information to EXPLAIN output (Robert
+ Haas)
+
+
+
+
+ Allow
EXPLAIN output in XML, JSON,+ and
YAML formats (Robert Haas, Greg Sabino Mullane)+
+
+
+
+ Allow EXPLAIN options to be specified inside parentheses
+ (Robert Haas)
+
+
+ This allows for the expansion of EXPLAIN options. The
+ old syntax is still supported.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
<link linkend="SQL-VACUUM"><command>VACUUM</></link>
+
+
+
+ Change VACUUM FULL to rewrite the entire table and
+ indexes, rather than moving around single rows to compact space
+ (Itagaki Takahiro, Tom Lane)
+
+
+ The previous method was usually slower and caused index bloat.
+
+
+
+
+ Add new VACUUM syntax that allows parameters to be
+ specified in parentheses (Itagaki Takahiro)
+
+
+ This allows greater flexibility for future VACUUM
+ options. The old syntax is still supported.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Indexes
+
+
+
+ Allow an index to be auto-named by not supplying an index name to
+ CREATE INDEX (Tom Lane)
+
+
+
+
+ Allow REINDEX
+ on system indexes (Tom Lane)
+
+
+ WAS THIS POSSIBLE ON ANY SYSTEM TABLE BEFORE? NON-HARDWIRED ONES?
+
+
+
+
+ Add point_ops opclass for GiST (Teodor Sigaev)
+
+
+ DETAILS?
+
+
+
+
+ Use red-black trees for
GIN index creation+ (Teodor Sigaev)
+
+
+ Red-black trees are self-balanced so allow for faster index
+ creation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Data Types
+
+
+
+ Allow hex values to be specified in
+ linkend="datatype-binary">bytea strings
+ (Peter Eisentraut)
+
+
+ The variable
+ linkend="guc-bytea-output">bytea_output controls
+ if hex (default) or octal escapes are used for bytea
+ output. (SWITCH DEFAULT FOR BETA? PETER) Libpq's
+ PQescapeByteaConn() now uses the hex format
+ for
PostgreSQL 9.0 servers.+
+
+
+
+ Allow
+ linkend="guc-extra-float-digits">extra_float_digits
+ to be increased to 3 (Tom Lane)
+
+
+ The previous maximum extra_float_digits was 2.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
<link linkend="textsearch">Full Text Search</link>
+
+
+
+ Add prefix support for the full text search synonym dictionary
+ (Teodor Sigaev)
+
+
+
+
+ Add full text search filtering dictionaries (Teodor Sigaev)
+
+
+ Filtering dictionaries allow tokens to be modified and passed to
+ subsequent dictionaries.
+
+
+
+
+ Allow underscores in full text email addresses (Teodor Sigaev)
+
+
+
+
+ Use more standards-compliant rules for
URL+ parsing (Tom Lane)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Functions
+
+
+
+ Allow case-insensitive
+ linkend="functions-posix-regexp">regular expression
+ matching with
UTF-8 server encodings.+
+
+ Previously, only
ASCII characters and single-byte+ encodings worked properly. Other multi-byte, non-
UTF-8+ encodings are still broken for case-insensitive regular expression
+ matching.
+
+
+
+
+ Allow function calls to supply parameter names and match them to named
+ parameters in the function definition (Pavel Stehule)
+
+
+ For example, if a function is defined to take parameters a
+ and b, it can be called with func(7 AS a, 12
+ AS b) or func(12 AS b, 7 AS a).
+
+
+
+
+ Add support for
+ linkend="functions-formatting">to_char()
+ scientific notation output (
+ linkend="functions-formatting-numeric-table">'EEEE')
+ (Pavel Stehule, Brendan Jurd)
+
+
+
+
+ Have
to_char() honor
+ linkend="functions-formatting-datetimemod-table">'FM'
+ (fill mode) in 'Y', 'YY', and
+ 'YYY' specifications (Bruce Momjian, Tom Lane)
+
+
+ It was already honored by 'YYYY'.
+
+
+
+
+ Fix to_char() to output the proper localized
+ numeric and monetary characters on
Windows+ (Hiroshi Inoue, Itagaki Takahir, Bruce Momjian)
+
+
+
+
+ Correct calculations of
+ linkend="functions-geometry-op-table">"overlap"
+ and "contains" operations over polygons (Teodor Sigaev)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Aggregates
+
+
+
+ Allow aggregate functions to use ORDER BY (Andrew
+ Gierth)
+
+
+ For example, this is now supported, array_agg(a ORDER BY
+ b). This is useful for aggregates where the order of values is
+ significant.
+
+
+
+
+ Add the
+ linkend="functions-aggregate-table">string_agg()
+ aggregate function which aggregates values into a single
+ string (Pavel Stehule)
+
+
+ An optional second argument allows specification of a delimiter.
+
+
+
+
+ Aggregate functions that are called with DISTINCT are
+ now passed NULL values if the aggregate transition function is
+ not marked as STRICT (Andrew Gierth)
+
+
+ For example, agg(DISTINCT x) might pass NULL x
+ values to agg().
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Bit Strings
+
+
+
+ Add
+ linkend="functions-binarystring-other">get_bit()
+ and set_bit() functions for bit
+ strings, mirroring those for bytea (Leonardo
+ F)
+
+
+
+
+ Implement
+ linkend="functions-string-sql">OVERLAY()
+ (replace) for bit strings and bytea
+ (Leonardo F)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Object Information Functions
+
+
+
+ Add
+ linkend="functions-admin-dbsize">pg_table_size()
+ and pg_indexes_size() to provide a more
+ user-friendly interface to the pg_relation_size()
+ function (Bernd Helmle)
+
+
+
+
+ Add
+ linkend="functions-info-access-table">has_sequence_privilege()
+ for sequence permission checking (Abhijit Menon-Sen)
+
+
+
+
+ Have information
+ schema properly display date type octet lengths
+ (Peter Eisentraut)
+
+
+ The reported length is now the maximum octet length; previously,
+ a huge value was reported.
+
+
+
+
+ Speed up information schema privilege views (Joachim Wieland)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Function and Trigger Creation
+
+
+
+ Implement anonymous functions using the
+ linkend="SQL-DO">DO statement (Petr
+ Jelinek, Joshua Tolley, Hannu Valtonen)
+
+
+ This allows execution of server-side code without the need to create
+ a new function and execute it.
+
+
+
+
+ Allow SQL-compliant
+ linkend="SQL-CREATETRIGGER">per-column triggers
+ (Itagaki Takahiro)
+
+
+ Such triggers are fired only if the specified columns are affected
+ by the query, e.g. in UPDATE's SET list.
+ information_schema now also shows this information.
+
+
+
+
+ Add
WHERE clause to
+ linkend="SQL-CREATETRIGGER">CREATE TRIGGER
+ to allow control over whether a trigger is fired (Takahiro
+ Itagaki)
+
+
+ While a check can be performed inside the trigger, doing it in an
+ external WHERE clause has performance benefits.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Server-Side Languages
+
+
+
+
+ Add the
OR REPLACE clause to
+ linkend="SQL-CREATELANGUAGE">CREATE LANGUAGE
+ (Tom Lane)
+
+
+ This is helpful to optionally install a language if it does not
+ already exist, and is particularly helpful now that PL/pgSQL is
+ installed by default.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
<link linkend="plpgsql">PL/PgSQL</link> Server-Side</div>
<div class="diff add">+ Language
+
+
+
+
+ Install server-side language PL/pgSQL by default (Bruce Momjian)
+
+
+
+
+ Allow PL/pgSQL to handle row types with dropped columns (Pavel Stehule)
+
+
+
+
+ Allow IN parameters to be assigned values within
+ PL/pgSQL functions (Steve Prentice)
+
+
+
+
+ Improve error location reporting in PL/pgSQL (Tom Lane)
+
+
+
+
+ Have PL/pgSQL use the main lexer, rather than a custom version (Tom Lane)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
<link linkend="plpgsql-cursors">PL/pgSQL Cursors</link>
+
+
+
+ Add count and ALL options to MOVE
+ FORWARD/BACKWARD in PL/pgSQL (Pavel Stehule)
+
+
+
+
+ Allow PL/pgSQL's WHERE CURRENT OF to use a cursor
+ variable (Tom Lane)
+
+
+
+
+ Add PL/pgSQL's OPEN cursor FOR EXECUTE to use parameters
+ (Pavel Stehule, Itagaki Takahiro)
+
+
+ This is accomplished with a new USING clause.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
<link linkend="plperl">PL/Perl</link> Server-Side Language
+
+
+
+ Add new PL/Perl functions:
+ linkend="plperl-utility-functions">quote_literal(),
+ quote_nullable(), quote_ident(),
+ encode_bytea(), decode_bytea(),
+ looks_like_number(),
+ encode_array_literal(),
+ encode_array_constructor() (Tim Bunce)
+
+
+
+
+ Add server variable
+ linkend="guc-plperl-on-init">plperl.on_init to
+ specify a PL/Perl Perl initialization function (Tim
+ Bunce)
+
+
+
+ linkend="guc-plperl-on-plperl-init">plperl.on_plperl_init
+ and plperl.on_plperlu_init are also available
+ for trusted/untrusted-specific initialization.
+
+
+
+
+ Improve error context support in PL/Perl (Alexey Klyukin)
+
+
+
+
+ Support END blocks in PL/Perl (Tim Bunce)
+
+
+ END blocks do not currently allow database access.
+
+
+
+
+ Allow use strict in PL/Perl (Tim Bunce)
+
+
+ This can be enabled with the server variable
+ linkend="guc-plperl-use-strict">plperl.use_strict.
+
+
+
+
+ Allow require in PL/Perl (Tim Bunce)
+
+
+ This basically tests to see if the module is loaded, and if not,
+ generates an error.
+
+
+
+
+ Allow use feature in PL/Perl if Perl version 5.10 or
+ later is used (Tim Bunce)
+
+
+
+
+ Verify that PL/Perl return values are valid in the server encoding
+ (Andrew Dunstan)
+
+
+
+
+ Improve PL/Perl code structure (Tim Bunce)
+
+
+
+
+ PL/Perl subroutines are now given names (Tim Bunce)
+
+
+ This is for the use of profiling and code coverage tools. DIDN'T
+ THEY HAVE NAMES BEFORE?
+
+
+
+
+ PL/Perl no longer allows
Safe version 2.20 because+ it is unsafe (Tim Bunce)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
<link linkend="plpython">PL/Python</link> Server-Side Language
+
+
+
+ Add Unicode support in PL/Python (Peter Eisentraut)
+
+
+ Strings are automatically converted from/to the server encoding as
+ necessary.
+
+
+
+
+ Improve bytea support in PL/Python (Caleb Welton)
+
+
+ Bytea values passed into PL/Python now are represented as
+ binary, rather than the Postgres bytea text format. Null
+ bytes are now also output properly from PL/Python. Boolean
+ and numeric value passing in PL/Python was also improved.
+
+
+
+
+ Add array parameter/return
+ support to PL/Python (Peter Eisentraut)
+
+
+
+
+ Improve mapping of domains to Python base types in PL/Python (Peter Eisentraut)
+
+
+
+
+ Add
Python 3 support to PL/Python (Peter Eisentraut)+
+
+ The new server-side language is called
+ linkend="plpython-python23">plpython3u.
+
+
+
+
+ Improve error location and exception reporting in PL/Python (Peter Eisentraut)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
-
-
Overview
+
+
Client Applications
+
+
- Based on overwhelming user demand, this release of
-
PostgreSQL adds features that have been requested- for years, like easy-to-use replication, a mass permission
- facility, and anonymous blocks. While past major releases have
- been quite conservative in their scope, this release shows a
- bold new desire to provide facilities that every new and existing
- user of
PostgreSQL will embrace. This has all- been done with few incompatibilities. The major areas of
- enhancement are:
-
+ Add vacuumdb
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
<link linkend="APP-PSQL"><application>psql</></link>
-
+
+ Properly escape
psql
+ linkend="APP-PSQL-variables">variables and
+ identifiers (Pavel Stehule, Robert Haas)
+
- <listitem>
- Allow continuous archive standby systems to accept read-only queries
-
-
+ <para>
+ For example, :'var' will be escaped as a literal string, and
+ :"var" will be escaped as an SQL identifier.
+
+
-
- Allow continuous archive (
WAL) files to be streamed to a- standby system
-
-
+
+ Ignore leading UTF-8-encoded Unicode byte-order marker in
+
psql (Itagaki Takahiro)+
-
- Add the ability to make mass permission changes per
- schema using the new
- linkend="SQL-GRANT">GRANT/REVOKE
- IN SCHEMA clause
-
-
+ This is enabled when the client encoding is
UTF-8.+
+
-
- Add the ability to control large object permissions with
- GRANT/REVOKE
-
-
+
+ Fix
psql --file - to properly honor
+ linkend="R1-APP-PSQL-3">
+ (Bruce Momjian)
+
+
-
- Implement anonymous functions using the
- linkend="SQL-DO">DO statement
-
-
+
+ Prevent overwriting of
psql's command-line history+ if two
psql sessions are run simultaneously (Tom Lane)+
+
-
- Allow function calls to supply parameter names and match them to named
- parameters in the function definition (Pavel Stehule)
-
-
+
+ Improve
psql's tab completion support (Itagaki+ Takahiro)
+
+
-
- Install server-side language PL/pgSQL by default
-
-
+
-
- Major PL/Perl enhancements
-
-
+
+
<application>psql</> Display
+
- Allow SQL-compliant
- linkend="SQL-CREATETRIGGER">per-column triggers
-
+ Allow
psql to use fancy Unicode line-drawing+ characters via \pset linestyle unicode (Roger Leigh)
+
- Add deferrable
- unique constraints
-
-
+ Improve display of wrapped columns in
psql (Roger+ Leigh)
+
-
- Have
LISTEN/
- linkend="SQL-NOTIFY">NOTIFY store events
- in a memory queue, rather than a system table
-
+ The previous format is available by using \pset linestyle
+ old-ascii.
+
-
- Allow NOTIFY
- to pass an optional string to listeners
-
-
+
-
- Change VACUUM FULL to rewrite the entire table and
- indexes, rather than moving around single rows to compact space
-
-
+
- >
- Add prefix support for the full text search synonym dictionary
- >
- >
+ >
+
<application>psql</> <link</div>
<div class="diff add">+ linkend="APP-PSQL-meta-commands"><command>\d</></link></div>
<div class="diff add">+ <span class="marked">Commands</title</span>></div>
<div class="diff add">+ <span class="marked"><itemizedlist</span>></div>
<div class="diff ctx"> </div>
<div class="diff ctx"> <listitem></div>
<div class="diff rem">- <span class="marked"> </span><para></div>
<div class="diff rem">- Use red-black trees for <acronym>GIN</> index creation</div>
<div class="diff rem">- </para></div>
<div class="diff rem">- <span class="marked"></listitem</span>></div>
<div class="diff add">+ <para></div>
<div class="diff add">+ Have <command>\d</> show child tables that inherit from the specified</div>
<div class="diff add">+ parent (Damien Clochard)</div>
<div class="diff add">+ <span class="marked"> </para</span>></div>
<div class="diff ctx"> </div>
<div class="diff rem">- <listitem></div>
<div class="diff rem">- <para></div>
<div class="diff rem">- Add <link</div>
<div class="diff rem">- linkend="functions-binarystring-other"><function>get_bit()</></link></div>
<div class="diff rem">- and <function>set_bit()</> functions for <type>bit</></div>
<div class="diff rem">- strings, mirroring those for <type>bytea</></div>
<div class="diff rem">- </para></div>
<div class="diff add">+ <para></div>
<div class="diff add">+ <command>\d</> shows only the number of child tables, while</div>
<div class="diff add">+ <command>\d+</> shows the names of all child tables.</div>
<div class="diff add">+ </para></div>
<div class="diff ctx"> </listitem></div>
<div class="diff ctx"> </div>
<div class="diff ctx"> <listitem></div>
<div class="diff rem">- <para></div>
<div class="diff rem">- Add the ability for clients to set an <link</div>
<div class="diff rem">- linkend="libpq-connect-application-name">application</div>
<div class="diff rem">- name</link>, which is displayed in</div>
<div class="diff rem">- <structname>pg_stat_activity</></div>
<div class="diff rem">- </para></div>
<div class="diff rem">- </listitem></div>
<div class="diff add">+ <para></div>
<div class="diff add">+ Show definition of indexes in <command>\d index_name</> (Khee Chin)</div>
<div class="diff add">+ </para></div>
<div class="diff ctx"> </div>
<div class="diff rem">- <listitem></div>
<div class="diff rem">- <para></div>
<div class="diff rem">- Add support for compiling on <link</div>
<div class="diff rem">- linkend="install-win32-full">64-bit</div>
<div class="diff rem">- <productname>Windows</></link> and running in 64-bit</div>
<div class="diff rem">- mode</div>
<div class="diff rem">- </para></div>
<div class="diff add">+ <para></div>
<div class="diff add">+ The definition is useful for expression indexes.</div>
<div class="diff add">+ </para></div>
<div class="diff ctx"> </listitem></div>
<div class="diff ctx"> </div>
<div class="diff ctx"> <listitem></div>
<div class="diff rem">- <para></div>
<div class="diff rem">- The above items are explained in more detail in the sections below.</div>
<div class="diff rem">- </para></div>
<div class="diff add">+ <para></div>
<div class="diff add">+ In <application>psql</>, show the view definition only with <command>\d+</>,</div>
<div class="diff add">+ not with <command>\d</> (Peter Eisentraut)</div>
<div class="diff add">+ </para></div>
<div class="diff ctx"> </listitem></div>
<div class="diff ctx"> </div>
<div class="diff rem">- </itemizedlist></div>
<div class="diff rem">-</div>
<div class="diff rem">- </sect2></div>
<div class="diff add">+ </itemizedlist></div>
<div class="diff ctx"> </div>
<div class="diff rem">- <sect2></div>
<div class="diff add">+ </sect5></div>
<div class="diff add">+ </sect4></div>
<div class="diff ctx"> </div>
<div class="diff rem">- <title>Migration to Version 9.0
-
CURRENT AS OF 2010-04-29+
+
<link linkend="APP-PGDUMP"><application>pg_dump</></link>
+
- A dump/restore using
pg_dump is
- required for those wishing to migrate data from any previous
- release.
-
+
+ Have
pg_dump/pg_restore+
+ also remove large objects (Itagaki Takahiro)
+
+
- Observe the following incompatibilities:
-
+
+ Fix
pg_dump to properly dump large objects if+ standard_conforming_strings is enabled (Tom Lane)
+
-
-
Server Settings
+ Large objects dumps now use hex format for output. (SWITCH DEFAULT
+ FOR BETA? TOM)
+
+
-
+
+ Allow
pg_dump to dump comments attached to columns+ of composite types (Taro Minowa (Higepon))
+
+
+
+
+ Have
pg_dump
+ linkend="pg-dump-options">
+ output the
pg_dump and server versions+ in text output mode (Jim Cox, Tom Lane)
+
-
- Remove server variable add_missing_from, which was
- defaulted to off for many years (Tom Lane)
-
-
-
-
- Remove server variable regex_flavor, which
- was defaulted to
- linkend="posix-syntax-details">advanced
- (e.g. Perl-regex compatible) for many years (Tom Lane)
-
-
-
-
- It is now necessary to set
- linkend="guc-wal-level">wal_level to
- archive to do continuous archiving.
- (Heikki Linnakangas)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Queries
-
+ These were already present in custom output mode.
+
+
-
- When querying a parent table,
- do not do additional permission checks on child tables
- returned as part of the query (Peter Eisentraut)
-
-
- The SQL standard specifies this behavior.
-
-
+
-
- Have fractional seconds conversion truncate rather than
- round when using float-based dates/times (Tom Lane)
-
-
+
-
+
+
<link</div>
<div class="diff add">+ linkend="app-pg-ctl"><application>pg_ctl</></link>
+
-
+
+ Allow
pg_ctl to be safely used to start the+
postmaster at boot-time (Tom Lane)+
-
-
String Handling
-
+ Previously the
pg_ctl process could have been mistakenly+ identified as a running
postmaster based on a stale+
+
-
- Improve standards compliance of
- linkend="functions-similarto-regexp">SIMILAR TO
- patterns and SQL-style substring() patterns (Tom Lane)
-
-
- This includes treating ? and {...} as
- pattern metacharacters, while they were simple literal characters
- before; that corresponds to new features added in SQL:2008.
- Also, ^ and $ are now treated as simple
- literal characters; formerly they were treated as metacharacters,
- as if the pattern were following POSIX rather than SQL rules.
- Also, in SQL-standard substring(), use of parentheses
- for nesting no longer interferes with capturing of a substring.
- Also, processing of bracket expressions (character classes) is
- now more standards-compliant.
-
-
+
+ Give
pg_ctl the ability to initialize the database+ (like
initdb) (Zdenek Kotala)+
+
-
- Reject negative length values in 3-parameter
- linkend="functions-string-sql">substring()
- for bit strings, per the SQL standard (Tom Lane)
-
-
- >
+ >
-
-
Object Renaming
-
+
-
- Tighten enforcement of column renaming when a child table inherits
- the renamed column from an unrelated parent (KaiGai Kohei)
-
-
+
+
<application>Development Tools</>
-
- No longer rename index names and index column names when table
- columns are renamed (Tom Lane)
-
+
+
<link linkend="libpq"><application>libpq</></link>
- Administrators still can rename such columns manually. Expression
- index names are also not renamed. WHY ARE EXPRESSION INDEXES
- SIGNIFICANT?
-
-
+
-
+
+ Add new
libpq functions+
+ linkend="libpq-connect">PQconnectdbParams()
+ and PQconnectStartParams() (Guillaume
+ Lelarge)
+
-
+ These functions are similar to PQconnectdb() and
+ PQconnectStart() except they allow a null-terminated
+ array of connection options, rather than requiring all options to
+ be sent in a single string.
+
+
-
-
PL/pgSQL Variables
-
+
+ Add
libpq functions
+ linkend="libpq-exec-escape-string">PQescapeLiteral()
+ and PQescapeIdentifier() (Robert Haas)
+
+ These functions return appropriately quoted and escaped literal
+ strings and identifiers. The caller is not required to pre-allocate
+ the string result, as is required by PQescapeStringConn().
+
+
+
+
+ Add checking for a per-user service file (
+ linkend="libpq-pgservice">.pg_service.conf),
+ which is checked before the site-wide service file
+ (Peter Eisentraut)
+
-
- Have PL/pgSQL throw an error if a variable name conflicts with a
- column name used in a query (Tom Lane)
-
-
- This behavior can be changed via the server variable
- linkend="plpgsql-var-subst">plpgsql.variable_conflict,
- or by the per-function option #variable_conflict.
- The former behavior was to bind to variable names over
- column names.
-
-
-
-
- Remove PL/pgSQL's RENAME declaration option (Tom Lane)
-
-
- Instead, use
- linkend="plpgsql-declaration-parameters">ALIAS,
- which can now alias any variable, not just dollar sign
- variables, e.g. $1.
-
-
-
-
- PL/pgSQL no longer allows unquoted variables names that match SQL
- reserved words (Tom Lane)
-
-
- Variables can be double-quoted to avoid this restriction.
-
-
-
-
-
-
+ The file .pg_service.conf is assumed to be in the
+ user's home directory.
+
+
-
-
Changes
-
-
-
Server
-
-
-
Continuous Archiving
-
-
-
- Allow continuous archive standby systems to accept read-only queries
- (Simon Riggs, Heikki Linnakangas)
-
-
- This feature is called Hot Standby. There are new
- postgresql.conf and recovery.conf
- settings to enable this feature, as well as extensive
- documentation.
-
-
-
-
- Allow continuous archive (
WAL) files to be streamed to a- standby system (Fujii Masao, Heikki Linnakangas)
-
-
- Previously
WAL files could be sent to standby systems only- as 16 megabytes files; this allows master changes to be sent to the
- slave with very little delay. There are new postgresql.conf
- and recovery.conf settings to enable this
- feature, as well as extensive
- linkend="streaming-replication">documentation.
-
-
-
-
- Add
- linkend="functions-recovery-info-table">pg_last_xlog_receive_location()
- and pg_last_xlog_replay_location(), which
- can be used to monitor standby server
WAL- activity (Simon Riggs, Fujii Masao, Heikki Linnakangas)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Performance
-
-
-
- Improve performance of finding inherited child tables (Tom Lane)
-
-
-
-
- Allow per-tablespace sequential and random page cost variables
- (seq_page_cost/random_page_cost) via
- ALTER TABLESPACE
- ... SET/RESET (Robert Haas)
-
-
-
-
- Improve performance of
- linkend="SQL-TRUNCATE">TRUNCATE when
- used in the same transaction as table creation (Tom Lane)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Optimizer
-
-
-
- Allow IS NOT NULL restrictions to use indexes (Tom Lane)
-
-
- This is particularly useful for finding
- MAX()/MIN() values in indexes that also
- contain NULLs.
-
-
-
-
- Remove unnecessary outer
- joins (Robert Haas)
-
-
- Outer joins where the inner side is unique and not referenced in
- the query are unnecessary and are therefore now removed.
-
-
-
-
- Improve optimizer equivalence detection of <> boolean
- tests (Tom Lane)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
<link linkend="geqo">GEQO</link>
-
-
-
- Use the same random seed everytime GEQO plans a query (Andres
- Freund)
-
-
- While the Genetic Query Optimizer (GEQO) still selects
- random plans, it now selects the same random plans for
- identical queries. You can modify
- linkend="guc-geqo-seed">geqo_seed to randomize
- the starting value of the random plan generator.
-
-
-
-
- Improve GEQO plan selection (Tom Lane).
-
-
- This avoids the rare error, "failed to make a valid plan".
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Optimizer Statistics
-
-
-
- Improve ANALYZE
- to support inheritance-tree statistics (Tom Lane)
-
-
- This is particularly useful for partitioned tables.
-
-
-
-
- Improve autovacuum
- detection of when re-analyze is necessary (Tom Lane)
-
-
-
-
- Improve optimizer statistics for greater/less-than comparisons
- (Tom Lane)
-
-
- When looking up optimizer statistics for greater/less-than comparisons,
- if the comparison value is in the first or last histogram bucket,
- use an index to generate the actual statistics. This is particularly
- useful for columns that are always increasing, and hence often have
- inaccurate statistics.
-
-
-
-
- Allow setting of distinct statistics using
- linkend="SQL-ALTERTABLE">ALTER TABLE
- (Robert Haas)
-
-
- This allows user-override of the number or percentage of distinct
- values for a column and optionally its child tables. This value
- is normally computed by ANALYZE.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Authentication
-
-
-
- Add support for
- linkend="auth-radius">
RADIUS (Remote- Authentication Dial In User Service) authentication
- (Magnus Hagander)
-
-
-
-
-
- (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) authentication
- to operate in "search/bind" mode (Robert Fleming, Magnus)
-
-
- This allows the user to be looked up first, then the system uses
- the
DN (Distinguished Name) returned for that user.-
-
-
-
- Add
- linkend="auth-pg-hba-conf">samehost
- and samenet designations to
- pg_hba.conf (Stef Walter)
-
-
- These match the server's
IP address and network address- respectively.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Monitoring
-
-
-
- Add the ability for clients to set an
- linkend="libpq-connect-application-name">application
- name, which is displayed in
- pg_stat_activity (Dave Page)
-
-
-
-
- Add an SQL state option (
%e) to
- linkend="guc-log-line-prefix">log_line_prefix
- (Guillaume Smet)
-
-
-
-
- Write to the Windows event log in
UTF16 encoding- (Itagaki Takahiro)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Statistics Counters
-
-
-
- Add
- linkend="monitoring-stats-funcs-table">pg_stat_reset_shared('bgwriter')
- to reset the cluster-wide shared statistics of the
- bgwriter (Greg Smith)
-
-
-
-
- Add
- linkend="monitoring-stats-funcs-table">pg_stat_reset_single_table_counters()
- and pg_stat_reset_single_function_counters()
- to allow the reseting of statistics counters for individual
- tables and indexes (Magnus Hagander)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Server Settings
-
-
-
- Allow setting of configuration variables based on
- linkend="sql-alterrole">database/role
- combinations (Alvaro Herrera)
-
-
- Previously only per-database and per-role setting were possible,
- not combinations. All role and database settings are now stored
- in the new pg_db_role_setting system table. A new
-
psql \drds command shows these settings.- Backwards-compatible system views do not show this information.
-
-
-
-
- Add boolean variable
- linkend="guc-bonjour">bonjour, which
- controls whether a Bonjour-enabled binary advertises
- itself via
Bonjour (Tom Lane)-
-
- The default is off, meaning it does not advertise.
-
-
-
-
- Add boolean variable
- linkend="guc-enable-material">enable_material, which
- controls the use of materialize nodes in the optimizer
- (Robert Haas)
-
-
- The default is on.
-
-
-
-
- Log changed parameter values when postgresql.conf is
- reloaded (Peter Eisentraut)
-
-
-
-
- Add proper permissions for custom variables (Tom Lane)
-
-
- Custom variables can now only be created by super-users,
- but can be modified by ordinary users if variable
- permissions allow it. This makes custom variables
- appropriate for security settings. Previously, any user
- could create or modify custom variables.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Queries
-
+
+ Properly report an error if the specified
libpq service+ cannot be found (Peter Eisentraut)
+
+
-
- Do SELECT
- FOR UPDATE/SHARE processing after
- applying LIMIT, so the number of rows returned
- is always predictable (Tom Lane)
-
-
- Previously, concurrent transactions could potentially cause
- SELECT to return fewer rows than specified by
- LIMIT. FOR UPDATE can still affect
- ORDER BY ordering, but this can be corrected by using
- FOR UPDATE in a subquery.
-
-
-
-
- Allow mixing of traditional and SQL-standard
- linkend="SQL-LIMIT">LIMIT/OFFSET
- syntax in the same query (Tom Lane)
-
-
-
-
- Increase the supported frame options in
- linkend="SQL-WINDOW">window functions (Hitoshi
- Harada)
-
-
- This allows frames (RANGE or ROWS) to start
- with CURRENT ROW, and to use the ROWS n
- PRECEDING/FOLLOWING clause.
-
-
-
-
- Have SELECT and CREATE TABLE AS return
- row counts to the client
- (Boszormenyi Zoltan)
-
-
-
psql does not display these counts.-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Unicode Strings
-
-
-
- Add Unicode surrogate pair (dual 16-bit) support to
-
- linkend="sql-syntax-strings-uescape">U&
- strings and identifiers (Peter Eisentraut)
-
-
-
-
- Allow Unicode escapes in
- linkend="sql-syntax-strings-escape">E'...'
- strings (Marko Kreen)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Object Manipulation
-
+
+ Issue a warning if the
+ linkend="libpq-pgpass">.pgpass-retrieved
+ password fails (Bruce Momjian)
+
+
-
- Speed up CREATE
- DATABASE by deferring flushes to disk (Andres
- Freund, Greg Stark)
-
-
-
-
- Allow comments only on
- columns of tables, views, and composite types, not other
- objects like indexes and
TOAST tables (Tom Lane)-
-
-
-
- Allow the creation of
- linkend="SQL-CREATETYPE-enum">enumerate types with
- no labels (Bruce Momjian)
-
-
- This is useful for supporting binary upgrades.
-
-
-
-
- Have columns defined with storage type MAIN remain on
- the main heap page unless it cannot fit (Kevin Grittner)
-
-
- Previously
MAIN values were forced to TOAST- tables until the row size was one-quarter of the page size.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
<command>ALTER</>
-
-
-
- Add ALTER
- DEFAULT PRIVILEGES command to control privileges
- of all newly-created objects (Petr Jelinek)
-
-
- It currently supports tables, views, sequences, and functions, and
- also has per-schema control.
-
-
-
-
- Implement IF EXISTS for DROP COLUMN and
- DROP CONSTRAINT (Andres Freund)
-
-
-
-
- Allow ALTER TABLE commands which rewrite tables to skip
-
WAL logging (Itagaki Takahiro)-
-
- Such operations either complete fully or are rolled back, so
-
WAL archiving can be skipped, unless running in continuous- archiving mode.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
<link linkend="SQL-CREATETABLE"><command>CREATE TABLE</></link>
-
-
-
- Add support for copying COMMENTS and STORAGE
- to the CREATE TABLE ... LIKE INCLUDING command (Itagaki
- Takahiro)
-
-
-
-
- Add support for copying all attributes to the CREATE
- TABLE LIKE INCLUDING command (Itagaki Takahiro)
-
-
-
-
- Add the SQL-standard CREATE TABLE ... OF type command
- (Peter Eisentraut)
-
-
- This allows the creation of a table to match an existing composite
- type. Additional constraints and defaults can be specified in the
- command.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Constraints
-
-
-
- Add deferrable
- unique constraints (Dean Rasheed)
-
-
- This allows UPDATE tab SET col = col + 1 to work on
- columns that have a unique indexes or are marked as primary keys,
- but DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED must be used to mark
- the constraint as deferred.
-
-
-
-
- Generalize uniqueness constraints by allowing arbitrary operator
- comparisons, not just equality (Jeff Davis)
-
-
- This is enabled with the
- linkend="SQL-CREATETABLE-EXCLUDE">CREATE
- TABLE CONSTRAINT ... EXCLUDE clause. While
- uniqueness checks could be specified using this syntax,
- the real value of this feature is in using complex
- operators that do not have built-in constraints.
-
-
-
-
- Improve the constraint violation error message to report the values
- causing the failure (Itagaki Takahiro)
-
-
- For example, a uniqueness constraint violation now reports Key
- (x)=(2) already exists.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Object Permissions
-
-
-
- Add the ability to make mass permission changes per
- schema using the new
- linkend="SQL-GRANT">GRANT/REVOKE
- IN SCHEMA clause (Petr Jelinek)
-
-
-
-
- Add the ability to control large object permissions with
- GRANT/REVOKE (KaiGai Kohei)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Utility Operations
+
- >
+ >
-
- Have
LISTEN/
- linkend="SQL-NOTIFY">NOTIFY store events
- in a memory queue, rather than a system table (Joachim
- Wieland)
-
-
- This greatly improves performance for these operations.
-
-
-
-
- Allow NOTIFY
- to pass an optional string to listeners (Joachim Wieland)
-
-
-
-
- Allow CLUSTER
- on all system tables (Tom Lane)
-
-
- Global system tables still cannot be clustered.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
<link linkend="SQL-COPY"><command>COPY</></link>
-
-
-
- Allow * as a parameter in FORCE QUOTE for
- COPY CSV (Itagaki Takahiro)
-
-
- This forces quotes for all
CSV output columns.-
-
-
-
- Add new COPY syntax that allows parameters to be
- specified in parentheses (Robert Haas, Emmanuel Cecchet)
-
-
- This allows greater flexibility for future COPY options.
- The old syntax is still supported.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
<link linkend="SQL-EXPLAIN"><command>EXPLAIN</></link>
-
-
-
- Add new EXPLAIN (BUFFERS) to report query buffer
- activity (Itagaki Takahiro)
-
-
- log_*_stats log output, e.g.
- linkend="runtime-config-statistics-monitor">log_statement_stats,
- no longer shows this information.
-
-
-
-
- Add hash usage information to EXPLAIN output (Robert
- Haas)
-
-
-
-
- Allow
EXPLAIN output in XML, JSON,- and
YAML formats (Robert Haas, Greg Sabino Mullane)-
-
-
-
- Allow EXPLAIN options to be specified inside parentheses
- (Robert Haas)
-
-
- This allows for the expansion of EXPLAIN options. The
- old syntax is still supported.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
<link linkend="SQL-VACUUM"><command>VACUUM</></link>
-
-
-
- Change VACUUM FULL to rewrite the entire table and
- indexes, rather than moving around single rows to compact space
- (Itagaki Takahiro, Tom Lane)
-
-
- The previous method was usually slower and caused index bloat.
-
-
-
-
- Add new VACUUM syntax that allows parameters to be
- specified in parentheses (Itagaki Takahiro)
-
-
- This allows greater flexibility for future VACUUM
- options. The old syntax is still supported.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Indexes
-
-
-
- Allow an index to be auto-named by not supplying an index name to
- CREATE INDEX (Tom Lane)
-
-
-
-
- Allow REINDEX
- on system indexes (Tom Lane)
-
-
- WAS THIS POSSIBLE ON ANY SYSTEM TABLE BEFORE? NON-HARDWIRED ONES?
-
-
-
-
- Add point_ops opclass for GiST (Teodor Sigaev)
-
-
- DETAILS?
-
-
-
-
- Use red-black trees for
GIN index creation- (Teodor Sigaev)
-
-
- Red-black trees are self-balanced so allow for faster index
- creation.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Data Types
-
+
+
<link linkend="ecpg"><application>ecpg</></link>
+
-
- Allow hex values to be specified in
- linkend="datatype-binary">bytea strings
- (Peter Eisentraut)
-
-
- The variable
- linkend="guc-bytea-output">bytea_output controls
- if hex (default) or octal escapes are used for bytea
- output. (SWITCH DEFAULT FOR BETA? PETER) Libpq's
- PQescapeByteaConn() now uses the hex format
- for
PostgreSQL 9.0 servers.-
-
-
-
- Allow
- linkend="guc-extra-float-digits">extra_float_digits
- to be increased to 3 (Tom Lane)
-
-
- The previous maximum extra_float_digits was 2.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
<link linkend="textsearch">Full Text Search</link>
-
-
-
- Add prefix support for the full text search synonym dictionary
- (Teodor Sigaev)
-
-
-
-
- Add full text search filtering dictionaries (Teodor Sigaev)
-
-
- Filtering dictionaries allow tokens to be modified and passed to
- subsequent dictionaries.
-
-
-
-
- Allow underscores in full text email addresses (Teodor Sigaev)
-
-
-
-
- Use more standards-compliant rules for
URL- parsing (Tom Lane)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Functions
-
+
+ (SQL Descriptor Area) support to
ecpg+ (Boszormenyi Zoltan)
+
+
-
- Allow case-insensitive
- linkend="functions-posix-regexp">regular expression
- matching with
UTF-8 server encodings.-
-
- Previously, only
ASCII characters and single-byte- encodings worked properly. Other multi-byte, non-
UTF-8- encodings are still broken for case-insensitive regular expression
- matching.
-
-
-
-
- Allow function calls to supply parameter names and match them to named
- parameters in the function definition (Pavel Stehule)
-
-
- For example, if a function is defined to take parameters a
- and b, it can be called with func(7 AS a, 12
- AS b) or func(12 AS b, 7 AS a).
-
-
-
-
- Add support for
- linkend="functions-formatting">to_char()
- scientific notation output (
- linkend="functions-formatting-numeric-table">'EEEE')
- (Pavel Stehule, Brendan Jurd)
-
-
-
-
- Have
to_char() honor
- linkend="functions-formatting-datetimemod-table">'FM'
- (fill mode) in 'Y', 'YY', and
- 'YYY' specifications (Bruce Momjian, Tom Lane)
-
-
- It was already honored by 'YYYY'.
-
-
-
-
- Fix to_char() to output the proper localized
- numeric and monetary characters on
Windows- (Hiroshi Inoue, Itagaki Takahir, Bruce Momjian)
-
-
-
-
- Correct calculations of
- linkend="functions-geometry-op-table">"overlap"
- and "contains" operations over polygons (Teodor Sigaev)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Aggregates
-
-
-
- Allow aggregate functions to use ORDER BY (Andrew
- Gierth)
-
-
- For example, this is now supported, array_agg(a ORDER BY
- b). This is useful for aggregates where the order of values is
- significant.
-
-
-
-
- Add the
- linkend="functions-aggregate-table">string_agg()
- aggregate function which aggregates values into a single
- string (Pavel Stehule)
-
-
- An optional second argument allows specification of a delimiter.
-
-
-
-
- Aggregate functions that are called with DISTINCT are
- now passed NULL values if the aggregate transition function is
- not marked as STRICT (Andrew Gierth)
-
-
- For example, agg(DISTINCT x) might pass NULL x
- values to agg().
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Bit Strings
-
-
-
- Add
- linkend="functions-binarystring-other">get_bit()
- and set_bit() functions for bit
- strings, mirroring those for bytea (Leonardo
- F)
-
-
-
-
- Implement
- linkend="functions-string-sql">OVERLAY()
- (replace) for bit strings and bytea
- (Leonardo F)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Object Information Functions
-
-
-
- Add
- linkend="functions-admin-dbsize">pg_table_size()
- and pg_indexes_size() to provide a more
- user-friendly interface to the pg_relation_size()
- function (Bernd Helmle)
-
-
-
-
- Add
- linkend="functions-info-access-table">has_sequence_privilege()
- for sequence permission checking (Abhijit Menon-Sen)
-
-
-
-
- Have information
- schema properly display date type octet lengths
- (Peter Eisentraut)
-
-
- The reported length is now the maximum octet length; previously,
- a huge value was reported.
-
-
-
-
- Speed up information schema privilege views (Joachim Wieland)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Function and Trigger Creation
-
-
-
- Implement anonymous functions using the
- linkend="SQL-DO">DO statement (Petr
- Jelinek, Joshua Tolley, Hannu Valtonen)
-
-
- This allows execution of server-side code without the need to create
- a new function and execute it.
-
-
-
-
- Allow SQL-compliant
- linkend="SQL-CREATETRIGGER">per-column triggers
- (Itagaki Takahiro)
-
-
- Such triggers are fired only if the specified columns are affected
- by the query, e.g. in UPDATE's SET list.
- information_schema now also shows this information.
-
-
-
-
- Add
WHERE clause to
- linkend="SQL-CREATETRIGGER">CREATE TRIGGER
- to allow control over whether a trigger is fired (Takahiro
- Itagaki)
-
-
- While a check can be performed inside the trigger, doing it in an
- external WHERE clause has performance benefits.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Server-Side Languages
+
+ Add the DESCRIBE
+ [
OUTPUT] statement to ecpg+ (Boszormenyi Zoltan)
+
+
-
+
+ Add an
ecpg
+ linkend="ecpg-library">function to return the
+ current transaction status (Bernd Helmle)
+
+
-
projects / postgresql.git / commitdiff