Make an editorial pass over the 9.4 release notes.

Update the notes to include commits through today, and do a lot of
wordsmithing and markup adjustment.  Notably, don't use  where 
will do; since we got rid of the text-format HISTORY file, there is no
longer a reason to avoid .

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/release-9.4.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/release-9.4.sgml
index 88935444997abf26eaa66f2eaf8d1fc23566f337..7ae67e0cec2e9848bbecf50da3fcf904f80349e4 100644 (file)
--- a/doc/src/sgml/release-9.4.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/release-9.4.sgml
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
   
    Release Date
    2014-??-??
-   Current as of 2014-05-10
+   Current as of 2014-08-17
   
 
   
@@ -23,44 +23,44 @@
 
      
       
-       Allow materialized views to be refreshed without blocking reads
+       Allow materialized views
+       to be refreshed without blocking reads
       
      
 
      
       
-       Logical decoding allows database
-       changes to be streamed out in a customizable format
+       Add support for logical decoding
+       of WAL data, to allow database changes to be streamed out in a
+       customizable format
       
      
 
      
       
-        Allow background workers>
+        Allow background worker processes>
         to be dynamically registered, started and terminated
       
      
 
      
       
-       Add structured (non-text) data type (
-       linkend="datatype-json">JSONB) for storing
-       JSON data
+       Add jsonb, a more
+       capable and efficient data type for for storing JSON data
       
      
 
      
       
-       Add SQL-level command 
-       linkend="SQL-ALTERSYSTEM">ALTER SYSTEM
-       to edit the postgresql.conf configuration file
+       Add new SQL command 
+       for updating postgresql.conf configuration file entries
       
      
 
      
       
-       Reduce lock levels of some 
-       linkend="SQL-ALTERTABLE">ALTER TABLE commands
+       Reduce lock strength for some 
+       commands
       
      
 
@@ -77,10 +77,9 @@
   Migration to Version 9.4
 
    
-    A dump/restore using 
-    linkend="APP-PG-DUMPALL">pg_dumpall, or use
-    of pg_upgrade, is
-    required for those wishing to migrate data from any previous release.
+    A dump/restore using , or use
+    of , is required for those wishing to migrate
+    data from any previous release.
    
 
    
@@ -92,131 +91,129 @@
 
     
      
-      Cause consecutive whitespace in 
-      linkend="functions-formatting-table">to_timestamp()
-      and to_date() format strings to consume a corresponding
-      number of characters in the input string (whitespace or not), then
-      conditionally consume adjacent whitespace, if not in FX
-      mode (Jeevan Chalke)
+      Tighten checks for multidimensional 
+      linkend="arrays">array input (Bruce Momjian)
      
 
      
-      Previously consecutive whitespace characters in a non-FX
-      format string behaved like a single whitespace character and consumed
-      all adjacent whitespace in the input string.  For example, previously
-      format string space-space-space would consume only the first space in
-      ' 12', while it will now consume all three characters.
+      Previously, an input array string that started with a single-element
+      array dimension could later contain multidimensional segments,
+      e.g. '{{1}, {2,3}}'::int[].
      
     
 
     
      
-      Tighten checks for multidimensional 
-      linkend="arrays">array input (Bruce Momjian)
+      Unicode escapes in JSON
+      text values are no longer rendered with the backslash escaped
+      (Andrew Dunstan)
      
 
      
-      Previously an input array string that started with a single-element
-      array dimension could later contain multidimensional segments,
-      e.g. '{{1}, {2,3}}'::int[].
+      Previously, all backslashes in text values being formed into JSON
+      were escaped. Now a backslash followed by u and four
+      hexadecimal digits is not escaped, as this is a legal sequence in a
+      JSON string value, and escaping the backslash led to some perverse
+      results.
      
     
 
     
      
-      Change empty arrays returned by intarray to be
-      zero-dimensional arrays (Bruce Momjian)
+      When converting values of type timestamp
+      or timestamptz
+      to JSON, render the
+      values in a format compliant with ISO 8601 (Andrew Dunstan)
      
 
      
-      Previously, empty arrays were returned as one-dimensional empty arrays
-      whose text representation looked the same as zero-dimensional arrays
-      ({}).  intarray's behavior in this area
-      now matches the built-in array operators.
+      Previously such values were rendered according to the current
+       setting; but many JSON processors
+      require timestamps to be in ISO 8601 format.
      
     
 
     
      
-      Disallow NULL 
-      linkend="xfunc-sql-variadic-functions">VARIADIC
-      function arguments (Pavel Stehule)
+      Cause consecutive whitespace in 
+      linkend="functions-formatting-table">to_timestamp()
+      and to_date() format strings to consume a corresponding
+      number of characters in the input string (whitespace or not), then
+      conditionally consume adjacent whitespace, if not in FX
+      mode (Jeevan Chalke)
      
 
      
-      Such arguments must be cast to an array data type.
+      Previously, consecutive whitespace characters in a non-FX
+      format string behaved like a single whitespace character and consumed
+      all adjacent whitespace in the input string.  For example, previously
+      a format string of three spaces would consume only the first space in
+      ' 12', but it will now consume all three characters.
      
     
 
     
      
-      SHOW TIME ZONE now
-      outputs constant time zone offsets in POSIX-style zone
-      format (Tom Lane)
+      Fix 
+      linkend="textsearch-functions-table">ts_rank_cd()
+      to ignore stripped lexemes (Alex Hill)
      
 
      
-      Previously it was returned in 
-      linkend="datatype-interval-output">INTERVAL format.
-      The new format can be passed to SET TIME ZONE.
+      Previously, stripped lexemes were treated as if they had a default
+      location, producing a rank of dubious usefulness.
      
     
 
     
      
-      Values of type
-      timestamp  and
-      timestamptz are now
-      rendered in a string format compliant with ISO 8601 rather than the
-      default output format when converting to or used in
-      JSON.
-      (Andrew Dunstan)
+      For functions declared to
+      take VARIADIC
+      "any", an actual parameter marked as VARIADIC
+      must be of a determinable array type (Pavel Stehule)
      
 
      
-      Previously these were rendered in the default text output format
-      for the type, but many JSON processors require timestamps in ISO 8601
-      format.
+      Such parameters can no longer be written as an undecorated string
+      literal or NULL; a cast to an appropriate array data type
+      will now be required.  Note that this does not affect parameters not
+      marked VARIADIC.
      
     
 
     
      
-      Unicode escapes in JSON
-      text values are no longer rendered with the backslash escaped.
-      (Andrew Dunstan)
-     
-
-     
-      Previously all backslashes in text values being formed into JSON were
-      escaped. Now a backslash followed by "u" and four hexadecimal digits is
-      not escaped, as this is a legal sequence in a JSON string value, and
-      escaping the backslash led to some perverse results.
+       now also discards sequence-related state
+      (Fabrízio de Royes Mello, Robert Haas)
      
     
 
     
      
       Rename EXPLAIN
-      ANALYZE's total runtime output to execution time
-      (Tom Lane)
+      ANALYZE's total runtime output
+      to execution time (Tom Lane)
      
 
      
-      This was required now that planning time is also reported.
+      Now that planning time is also reported, the previous name was
+      confusing.
      
     
 
     
      
-      Fix 
-      linkend="textsearch-functions-table">ts_rank_cd()
-      to ignore stripped lexemes (Alex Hill)
+      SHOW TIME ZONE now
+      outputs simple numeric UTC offsets in POSIX timezone
+      format (Tom Lane)
      
 
      
-      Previously stripped lexemes got a default location and could be
-      considered if mixed with non-stripped lexemes.
+      Previously, such timezone settings were displayed as 
+      linkend="datatype-interval-output">interval values.
+      The new output is properly interpreted by SET TIME ZONE
+      when passed as a simple string, whereas the old output required
+      special treatment to be re-parsed correctly.
      
     
 
@@ -229,15 +226,15 @@
      
 
      
-      Restoring such check constraints will lead to restore errors.
+      Previously such check constraints were allowed, but they would often
+      cause errors during restores.
      
     
 
     
      
-      Use the last specified 
-      linkend="recovery-target">recovery_target if
-      multiple are specified (Heikki Linnakangas)
+      Use the last specified  if multiple
+      values are specified (Heikki Linnakangas)
      
     
 
@@ -249,16 +246,15 @@
 
      
       User commands that did their own quote preservation might need
-      adjustment, e.g.  
-      linkend="guc-archive-command">archive_command, 
-      linkend="restore-command">restore_command, COPY TO/FROM
-      PROGRAM.
+      adjustment.  This is likely to be an issue for commands used in
+      , ,
+      and COPY TO/FROM PROGRAM.
      
     
 
     
      
-      Remove system column 
+      Remove catalog column 
       linkend="catalog-pg-class">pg_class.reltoastidxid
       (Michael Paquier)
      
@@ -266,90 +262,82 @@
 
     
      
-      Remove support for native krb5 authentication
-      (Magnus Hagander)
+      Remove catalog column 
+      linkend="catalog-pg-rewrite">pg_rewrite.ev_attr
+      (Kevin Grittner)
      
 
      
-      The proper way to use Kerberos authentication is
-      with GSSAPI.
+      Per-column rules have not been supported since
+      PostgreSQL 7.3.
      
     
 
     
      
-      Handle domains over arrays like plain arrays in PL/Python
-      (Rodolfo Campero)
+      Remove native support for Kerberos authentication
+      (--with-krb5, etc)
+      (Magnus Hagander)
      
 
      
-      Previously they were treated as strings.
+      The supported way to use Kerberos authentication is
+      with GSSAPI.  The native code has been deprecated since
+      PostgreSQL 8.3.
      
     
 
     
      
-      Have libpq's 
-      linkend="libpq-pqconnectdbparams">PQconnectdbParams()
-      and 
-      linkend="libpq-pqpingparams">PQpingParams()
-      functions process zero-length strings as defaults (Adrian
-      Vondendriesch)
+      In PL/Python, handle domains over arrays like the
+      underlying array type (Rodolfo Campero)
      
 
      
-      Previously, these functions treated zero-length string values as
-      defaults only in some cases.
+      Previously such values were treated as strings.
      
     
 
     
      
-      Remove system column 
-      linkend="catalog-pg-rewrite">pg_rewrite.ev_attr
-      (Kevin Grittner)
+      Make libpq's 
+      linkend="libpq-pqconnectdbparams">PQconnectdbParams()
+      and 
+      linkend="libpq-pqpingparams">PQpingParams()
+      functions process zero-length strings as defaults (Adrian
+      Vondendriesch)
      
 
      
-      Per-column rules have not been supported since
-      PostgreSQL 7.3.
+      Previously, these functions treated zero-length string values as
+      selecting the default in only some cases.
      
     
 
     
      
-      pg_upgrade now
-      uses -U to specify the user name (Bruce Momjian)
-     
-
-     
-      Previously -u was used to specify the user name.
-      Also spell the long option as --username, again for
-      consistency with other tools.
+      Change empty arrays returned by the  module
+      to be zero-dimensional arrays (Bruce Momjian)
      
-    
 
-    
      
-      The maximum number of background workers
-      that can be registered
-      by RegisterBackgroundWorker() is now limited to
-      max_worker_processes
+      Previously, empty arrays were returned as zero-length one-dimensional
+      arrays, whose text representation looked the same as zero-dimensional
+      arrays ({}), but they acted differently in array
+      operations.  intarray's behavior in this area now
+      matches the built-in array operators.
      
     
 
     
      
-      background workers registered at
-      postmaster startup time should set
-      bgw_notify_pid to 0.
-      
+       now uses -U
+      or --username to specify the user name (Bruce Momjian)
      
-    
 
-    
      
-      DISCARD ALL now also discards sequence state.
+      Previously this option was spelled -u or --user,
+      but that was inconsistent with other tools.
      
     
 
@@ -373,63 +361,56 @@
 
       
        
-        Have VACUUM properly
-        report dead but not removable rows to the statistics collector
-        (Hari Babu)
+        Allow background worker processes
+        to be dynamically registered, started and terminated (Robert Haas)
        
 
        
-        Previously these were reported as live rows.
+        The contrib/worker_spi module shows an example of use
+        of this feature.
        
       
+
       
        
-        Allow background workers to be
-        dynamically registered, started and terminated (Robert Haas)
+        Allow dynamic allocation of shared memory segments (Robert Haas,
+        Amit Kapila)
        
 
        
-        worker_spi_launch() in worker_spi
-        shows an example of its use.
+        This feature is illustrated in .
        
       
 
       
        
-        Allow dynamic allocation of shared memory segments (Robert Haas,
-        Amit Kapila)
+        During crash recovery or immediate shutdown, send uncatchable
+        termination signals (SIGKILL) to child processes
+        that do not shut down promptly (MauMau, Álvaro Herrera)
        
 
        
-        This is illustrated in 
-        linkend="test-shm-mq">test_shm_mq.
+        This reduces the likelihood of leaving orphaned child processes
+        behind after  shutdown, as well
+        as ensuring that crash recovery can proceed if some child processes
+        have become stuck.
        
       
 
       
        
-        Improve SSL renegotiation handling (Álvaro
-        Herrera)
+        Improve randomness of the database system identifier (Tom Lane)
        
       
 
       
        
-        During immediate shutdown send uncatchable termination signals
-        to child processes that have not already shutdown (MauMau,
-        Álvaro Herrera)
+        Make  properly report dead but
+        not-yet-removable rows to the statistics collector (Hari Babu)
        
 
        
-        This reduces the likelihood of orphaned child processes after
-        postmaster
-        shutdown.
-       
-      
-
-      
-       
-        Improve randomness of the database system identifier (Tom Lane)
+        Previously these were reported as live rows.
        
       
 
@@ -442,45 +423,44 @@
 
       
        
-        Improve speed of multi-key 
-        linkend="GIN">GIN lookups (Alexander Korotkov,
-        Heikki Linnakangas)
+        Reduce GIN index size
+        (Alexander Korotkov, Heikki Linnakangas)
        
-      
 
-      
        
-        Reduce GIN index size
-        (Alexander Korotkov, Heikki Linnakangas)
+        Indexes upgraded via  will work fine
+        but will still be in the old, larger GIN format.
+        Use  to recreate such an index in the
+        new format.
        
+      
 
+      
        
-        Indexes upgraded via 
-        linkend="pgupgrade">pg_upgrade will work
-        fine but will use the old larger GIN format; 
-        linkend="SQL-REINDEX">REINDEX will recreate
-        the index in the new format.
+        Improve speed of multi-key 
+        linkend="GIN">GIN lookups (Alexander Korotkov,
+        Heikki Linnakangas)
        
       
 
       
        
         Add GiST index support
-        for INET and
-        CIDR data types
+        for inet and
+        cidr data types
         (Emre Hasegeli)
        
 
        
         Such indexes improve 
-        linkend="cidr-inet-operators-table">subnet and supernet
+        linkend="cidr-inet-operators-table">subnet and supernet
         lookups and ordering comparisons.
        
       
 
       
        
-        Fix race condition in B-tree page deletion (Heikki Linnakangas)
+        Fix rare race condition in B-tree page deletion (Heikki Linnakangas)
        
       
 
@@ -502,8 +482,9 @@
 
       
        
-        Allow multiple backends to simultaneously insert into 
-        linkend="wal">WAL buffers (Heikki Linnakangas)
+        Allow multiple backends to insert
+        into WAL buffers
+        concurrently (Heikki Linnakangas)
        
 
        
@@ -520,31 +501,25 @@
 
       
        
-        Improve performance of 
-        linkend="syntax-window-functions">WINDOW
-        aggregate functions (David Rowley, Florian Pflug, Tom Lane)
+        Improve performance of aggregate functions used as 
+        linkend="syntax-window-functions">window functions
+        (David Rowley, Florian Pflug, Tom Lane)
        
       
 
       
        
-        Improve speed of aggregates which use 
-        linkend="datatype-numeric">NUMERICs (Hadi
-        Moshayedi)
-       
-
-       
-        These include SUM(), AVG(), 
-        linkend="functions-aggregate-statistics-table">STDDEV(),
-        and VARIANCE().
+        Improve speed of aggregates that
+        use numeric state
+        values (Hadi Moshayedi)
        
       
 
       
        
         Attempt to freeze
-        tuples when tables are rewritten with <link
-        linkend="SQL-CLUSTER">CLUSTER or 
+        tuples when tables are rewritten with <xref
+        linkend="SQL-CLUSTER"> or 
         linkend="SQL-VACUUM">VACUUM FULL (Robert Haas,
         Andres Freund)
        
@@ -556,7 +531,7 @@
 
       
        
-        Improve speed of <link linkend="SQL-COPY">COPY>
+        Improve speed of <xref linkend="SQL-COPY">
         with DEFAULT 
         linkend="functions-sequence-table">nextval()
         columns (Simon Riggs)
@@ -574,33 +549,46 @@
       
        
         Raise hard limit on the number of tuples held in memory during sorting
-        and B-tree index builds (Noah
-        Misch)
+        and B-tree index builds (Noah Misch)
        
       
 
       
        
-        Reduce memory allocated by <link
-        linkend="SQL-DO">DO> blocks (Tom Lane)
+        Reduce memory allocated by <application>PL/pgSQL
+        > blocks (Tom Lane)
        
       
 
       
        
-        Have the optimizer be more aggressive in creating restrictions
+        Make the planner more aggressive in extracting restriction clauses
         from mixed AND/OR clauses (Tom Lane)
        
       
 
       
        
-        Auto-resize the catalog cache (Heikki Linnakangas)
+        Disallow pushing volatile WHERE clauses down
+        into DISTINCT subqueries (Tom Lane)
+       
+
+       
+        Pushing down a WHERE clause can produce a more
+        efficient plan overall, but at the cost of evaluating the clause
+        more often than is implied by the text of the query; so don't do it
+        if the clause contains any volatile functions.
+       
+      
+
+      
+       
+        Auto-resize the catalog caches (Heikki Linnakangas)
        
 
        
-        This reduces memory consumption for backends accessing only a few
-        tables, and improves performance for backend accessing many tables.
+        This reduces memory consumption for sessions accessing only a few
+        tables, and improves performance for sessions accessing many tables.
        
       
 
@@ -615,31 +603,32 @@
 
       
        
-        Expose the estimation of number of changed tuples since last 
-        linkend="vacuum-for-statistics">ANALYZE (Mark Kirkwood)
+        Add  system view to
+        report WAL archiver activity
+        (Gabriele Bartolini)
        
+      
 
+      
        
-        This appears in 
-        linkend="pg-stat-all-tables-view">pg_stat_all_tables.n_mod_since_analyze.
+        Add n_mod_since_analyze columns to
+         and related system views
+        (Mark Kirkwood)
        
-      
 
-      
        
-        Add 
-        linkend="pg-stat-archiver-view">pg_stat_archiver
-        system view to report WAL
-        archiver activity (Gabriele Bartolini)
+        These columns expose the system's estimate of the number of changed
+        tuples since the table's last .  This
+        estimate drives decisions about when to auto-analyze.
        
       
 
       
        
-        Add <varname>backend_xid and backend_xmin columns to
-        the system view pg_stat_activity
-        and backend_xmin to pg_stat_replication
-        (Christian Kruse)
+        Add <structfield>backend_xid and backend_xmin
+        columns to the system view ,
+        and a backend_xmin column to
+         (Christian Kruse)
        
       
 
@@ -660,38 +649,47 @@
 
        
         This allows use of Elliptic Curve keys for server authentication.
-        Such keys are faster and have improved security over RSA keys.
-        The new configuration parameter
-        <link linkend="guc-ssl-ecdh-curve">ssl_ecdh_curve>
+        Such keys are faster and have better security than RSA
+        keys. The new configuration parameter
+        <xref linkend="guc-ssl-ecdh-curve">
         controls which curve is used for ECDH.
        
       
 
       
        
-        Improve the default 
-        linkend="guc-ssl-ciphers">ssl_ciphers value
+        Improve the default  setting
         (Marko Kreen)
        
       
 
       
        
-        Allow the server to specify the preferred SSL cipher
-        order (Marko Kreen)
+        By default, the server not the client now controls the preference
+        order of SSL ciphers
+        (Marko Kreen)
+       
+
+       
+        Previously, the order specified by 
+        was usually ignored in favor of client-side defaults, which are not
+        configurable in most PostgreSQL clients.  If
+        desired, the old behavior can be restored via the new configuration
+        parameter .
        
+      
 
+      
        
-        This is controlled by the new configuration parameter 
-        linkend="guc-ssl-prefer-server-ciphers">ssl_prefer_server_ciphers.
+        Make  show SSL
+        encryption information (Andreas Kunert)
        
       
 
       
        
-        Have 
-        linkend="guc-log-connections">log_connections
-        show SSL encryption information (Andreas Kunert)
+        Improve SSL renegotiation handling (Álvaro
+        Herrera)
        
       
 
@@ -706,142 +704,134 @@
 
       
        
-        Add SQL-level 
-        linkend="SQL-ALTERSYSTEM">ALTER SYSTEM command
-        to adjust server-wide settings (Amit Kapila)
+        Add new SQL command 
+        for updating postgresql.conf configuration file entries
+        (Amit Kapila)
        
 
        
-        Previously such settings could only be changed by
-        editing postgresql.conf at the file system level.
+        Previously such settings could only be changed by manually
+        editing postgresql.conf.
        
       
 
       
        
-        Add huge_pages
-        configuration parameter to use huge memory pages on Linux
-        (Christian Kruse, Richard Poole, Abhijit Menon-Sen)
-       
-
-       
-        This can improve performance on large memory systems.
+        Add  configuration parameter
+        to control the amount of memory used by autovacuum workers
+        (Peter Geoghegan)
        
       
 
       
        
-        Show PIDs of lock holders and
-        waiters and improve relation information in 
-        linkend="guc-log-lock-waits">log_lock_waits
-        log messages (Christian Kruse)
+        Add  parameter to allow using huge
+        memory pages on Linux (Christian Kruse, Richard Poole, Abhijit
+        Menon-Sen)
        
-      
 
-      
        
-        Add parameter 
-        linkend="guc-autovacuum-work-mem">autovacuum_work_mem
-        to control the amount of memory used by autovacuum workers
-        (Peter Geoghegan)
+        This can improve performance on large-memory systems.
        
       
 
       
        
-        Add 
-        linkend="guc-max-worker-processes">max_worker_processes
+        Add  parameter
         to limit the number of background workers (Robert Haas)
        
 
        
-        This is helpful in configuring the standby server to have the
-        required same number of worker processes as the primary.
+        This is helpful in configuring a standby server to have the
+        required number of worker processes (the same as the primary).
        
       
 
       
        
-        Add configuration parameter 
-        linkend="guc-wal-log-hints">wal_log_hints
-        to enable logging of hint bits (Sawada Masahiko)
+        Add superuser-only 
+        parameter to load libraries at session start (Peter Eisentraut)
        
 
        
-        Hint bits are not normally logged, except when checksums are enabled.
-        This is useful for external tools like pg_rewind.
+        In contrast to , this
+        parameter can load any shared library, not just those in
+        the $libdir/plugins directory.
        
       
 
       
        
-        Allow printf-style space padding to be specified in 
-        linkend="guc-log-line-prefix">log_line_prefix
-        (David Rowley)
+        Add  parameter to enable WAL
+        logging of hint-bit changes (Sawada Masahiko)
+       
+
+       
+        Hint bit changes are not normally logged, except when checksums are
+        enabled.  This is useful for external tools
+        like pg_rewind.
        
       
 
       
        
-        Add superuser-only 
-        linkend="guc-session-preload-libraries">session_preload_libraries
-        configuration parameter to load libraries at session start
-        (Peter Eisentraut)
+        Increase the default settings of 
+        and  by four times (Bruce
+        Momjian)
        
 
        
-        In contrast
-        to local_preload_libraries
-        this parameter can load any shared library, not just those in
-        the $libdir/plugins directory.
+        The new defaults are 4MB and 64MB respectively.
        
       
 
       
        
-        Reduce server logging level when loading shared libraries (Peter
-        Geoghegan)
+        Increase the default setting of 
+        linkend="guc-effective-cache-size">
+        to 4GB (Bruce Momjian, Tom Lane)
        
+      
 
+      
        
-        The previous level was LOG, which was too verbose
-        for per-session libraries.
+        Allow printf-style space padding to be
+        specified in  (David Rowley)
        
       
 
       
        
-        Increase 
-        linkend="guc-work-mem">work_mem and 
-        linkend="guc-maintenance-work-mem">maintenance_work_mem
-        defaults by four times (Bruce Momjian)
+        Allow terabyte units (TB) to be used when specifying
+        configuration variable values (Simon Riggs)
        
+      
 
+      
        
-        The new defaults are 4MB and 64MB respectively.
+        Show PIDs of lock holders and waiters and improve
+        information about relations in 
+        log messages (Christian Kruse)
        
       
 
       
        
-        Increase the default setting of 
-        linkend="guc-effective-cache-size">effective_cache_size
-        to 4GB (Bruce Momjian, Tom Lane)
+        Reduce server logging level when loading shared libraries (Peter
+        Geoghegan)
        
-      
 
-      
        
-        Allow terabyte units to be specified for configuration variable
-        values (Simon Riggs)
+        The previous level was LOG, which was too verbose
+        for per-session libraries.
        
       
 
       
        
-        Have Windows SQL_ASCII-encoded databases and server
-        process (e.g.  postmaster) emit
-        messages in the character encoding of the server's Windows user locale
+        On Windows, make SQL_ASCII-encoded databases and server
+        processes (e.g., ) emit messages in
+        the character encoding of the server's Windows user locale
         (Alexander Law, Noah Misch)
        
 
@@ -862,24 +852,37 @@
 
      
 
+      
+       
+        Add replication
+        slots to coordinate activity on streaming standbys with the
+        node they are streaming from (Andres Freund, Robert Haas)
+       
+
+       
+        Replication slots allow preservation of resources like
+        WAL files on the primary until they are no longer
+        needed by standby servers.
+       
+      
+
       
        
         Add recovery.conf
-        parameter <link linkend="recovery-min-apply-delay">recovery_min_apply_delay>
+        parameter <xref linkend="recovery-min-apply-delay">
         to delay replication (Robert Haas, Fabrízio de Royes Mello,
         Simon Riggs)
        
 
        
-        This is useful for delaying the replay of user errors on standby
-        servers.
+        Delaying replay on standby servers can be useful for recovering
+        from user errors.
        
       
 
       
        
-        Add 
-        linkend="recovery-target">recovery_target
+        Add 
         option immediate to stop 
         linkend="wal">WAL recovery as soon as a
         consistent state is reached (MauMau, Heikki Linnakangas)
@@ -894,9 +897,9 @@
        
         The timestamp reported
         by pg_last_xact_replay_timestamp()
-        now shows information about already-committed records, not of transactions
-        about to be committed. Recovering to a restore point now replays the
-        restore point, rather than stopping just before the restore point.
+        now reflects already-committed records, not transactions about to
+        be committed. Recovering to a restore point now replays the restore
+        point, rather than stopping just before the restore point.
        
       
 
@@ -904,7 +907,7 @@
        
         
         linkend="functions-admin-backup-table">pg_switch_xlog()
-        now clears the trailing unused space in the WAL file
+        now clears any unused trailing space in the old WAL file
         (Heikki Linnakangas)
        
 
@@ -915,15 +918,9 @@
 
       
        
-        Add replication
-        slots to coordinate activity on streaming standbys with the
-        node they are streaming from (Andres Freund, Robert Haas)
-       
-
-       
-        Replication slots allow preservation of resources like
-        WAL files on the primary that are needed by standby
-        servers.
+        Report failure return codes from 
+        linkend="archive-recovery-settings">external recovery commands
+        (Peter Eisentraut)
        
       
 
@@ -934,14 +931,6 @@
        
       
 
-      
-       
-        Report failure return codes from 
-        linkend="archive-recovery-settings">external recovery commands
-        (Peter Eisentraut)
-       
-      
-
       
        
         Write WAL records of running transactions more
@@ -949,7 +938,7 @@
        
 
        
-        This allows standby servers to start faster and cleanup resources
+        This allows standby servers to start faster and clean up resources
         more aggressively.
        
       
@@ -960,7 +949,7 @@
       <link linkend="logicaldecoding">Logical Decoding</>
 
       
-       Logical decoding allows database changes to be optionally streamed in a
+       Logical decoding allows database changes to be streamed in a
        configurable format. The data is read from
        the WAL and transformed into the
        desired target format. To implement this feature, the following changes
@@ -968,58 +957,52 @@
       
 
       
-       
-       
-        
-         Add new logical 
-         linkend="guc-wal-level">wal_level to enable
-         logical change-set encoding in WAL (Andres Freund)
-        
 
+       
         
-         This interacts with 
-         linkend="catalog-pg-class">REPLICA IDENTITY.
+         Add support for logical decoding
+         of WAL data, to allow database changes to be streamed out in a
+         customizable format
+         (Andres Freund)
         
        
 
        
         
-         Allow 
-         linkend="app-pgrecvlogical">pg_recvlogical
-         to receive logical decoding data (Andres Freund)
+         Add new  setting logical
+         to enable logical change-set encoding in WAL (Andres
+         Freund)
         
        
 
        
         
-         Add 
-         linkend="test-decoding">test_decoding
-         module to illustrate logical decoding at the SQL
-         level (Andres Freund)
+         Add table-level parameter 
+         linkend="catalog-pg-class">REPLICA IDENTITY
+         to control logical replication (Andres Freund)
         
        
 
        
         
-         Allow logical decoding via the walsender interface ? (Andres
-         Freund)
+         Add relation option 
+         linkend="SQL-CREATETABLE-storage-parameters">user_catalog_table
+         to identify user-created tables involved in logical change-set
+         encoding (Andres Freund)
         
        
 
        
         
-         Add table-level parameter 
-         linkend="catalog-pg-class">REPLICA IDENTITY
-         to control logical replication (Andres Freund)
+         Add  application to receive
+         logical-decoding data (Andres Freund)
         
        
 
        
         
-         Add relation option 
-         linkend="SQL-CREATETABLE-storage-parameters">user_catalog_table
-         to identify user-created tables involved in logical change-set
-         encoding (Andres Freund)
+         Add  module to illustrate logical
+         decoding at the SQL level (Andres Freund)
         
        
 
@@ -1034,19 +1017,12 @@
 
      
 
-      
-       
-        Add ROWS
-        FROM() syntax to allow horizontal concatenation of
-        set-returning functions in the FROM-clause (Andrew Gierth)
-       
-      
-
       
        
         Add WITH
         ORDINALITY syntax to number rows returned from
-        FROM-clause functions (Andrew Gierth, David Fetter)
+        set-returning functions in the FROM clause
+        (Andrew Gierth, David Fetter)
        
 
        
@@ -1057,13 +1033,21 @@
 
       
        
-        Allow SELECT with
+        Add ROWS
+        FROM() syntax to allow horizontal concatenation of
+        set-returning functions in the FROM clause (Andrew Gierth)
+       
+      
+
+      
+       
+        Allow  to have
         an empty target list (Tom Lane)
        
 
        
-        This was added so views that select from a table with zero columns
-        can be dumped correctly.
+        This was added so that views that select from a table with zero
+        columns can be dumped and restored correctly.
        
       
 
@@ -1079,7 +1063,7 @@
       
        
         Add DISCARD
-        SEQUENCES command to discard cached sequence information
+        SEQUENCES command to discard cached sequence-related state
         (Fabrízio de Royes Mello, Robert Haas)
        
 
@@ -1090,14 +1074,15 @@
 
        
         
-         Add FORCE NULL option
-         to COPY FROM which causes
-         quoted strings matching the null string to be converted to NULL in
-         CSV mode (Ian Barwick, Michael Paquier)
+         Add FORCE NULL option
+         to COPY FROM, which
+         causes quoted strings matching the specified null string to be
+         converted to NULLs in CSV mode (Ian Barwick, Michael
+         Paquier)
         
 
         
-         Previously only unquoted matching strings would be imported
+         Without this option, only unquoted matching strings will be imported
          as null values.
         
        
@@ -1105,41 +1090,41 @@
       
        
         Issue warnings for commands used outside of transaction blocks
-        because they have no effect (Bruce Momjian)
+        when they can have no effect (Bruce Momjian)
        
 
        
-        The cases are >SET
-        LOCAL, <literal>SET CONSTRAINTS, >SET TRANSACTION and
-        <literal>ABORT.
+        New warnings are issued for >SET
+        LOCAL, <command>SET CONSTRAINTS, >SET TRANSACTION and
+        <command>ABORT when used outside a transaction block.
        
       
 
      
 
      
-      <<span class="marked">link linkend="SQL-EXPLAIN"><command>EXPLAIN</></link</span>>
+      <<span class="marked">xref linkend="SQL-EXPLAIN"</span>>
 
       
 
        
         
-         Have EXPLAIN ANALYZE output planning time (Andreas
+         Make EXPLAIN ANALYZE show planning time (Andreas
          Karlsson)
         
        
 
        
         
-         Have EXPLAIN print the grouping columns in Agg and
+         Make EXPLAIN show the grouping columns in Agg and
          Group nodes (Tom Lane)
         
        
 
        
         
-         Have EXPLAIN ANALYZE show bitmap heap scan exact/lossy
-         block information (Etsuro Fujita)
+         Make EXPLAIN ANALYZE show exact and lossy
+         block counts in bitmap heap scans (Etsuro Fujita)
         
        
 
@@ -1154,8 +1139,9 @@
 
       
        
-        Allow materialized views to be refreshed without blocking reads
-         (Kevin Grittner)
+        Allow materialized views
+        to be refreshed without blocking reads
+        (Kevin Grittner)
        
 
        
@@ -1174,7 +1160,7 @@
        
 
        
-        Previously the presence of non-updatable columns such as
+        Previously the presence of non-updatable output columns such as
         expressions, literals, and function calls prevented automatic
         updates.  Now INSERTs, UPDATEs and
         DELETEs are supported, provided that they do not
@@ -1186,12 +1172,12 @@
        
         Allow control over whether INSERTs and
         UPDATEs can add rows to an auto-updatable view that
-        would no longer appear in the view (Dean Rasheed)
+        would not appear in the view (Dean Rasheed)
        
 
        
-        This is controlled with the new <link
-        linkend="SQL-CREATEVIEW">WITH CHECK OPTION>.
+        This is controlled with the new <xref linkend="SQL-CREATEVIEW">
+        clause WITH CHECK OPTION>.
        
       
 
@@ -1215,96 +1201,89 @@
 
       
        
-        Allow triggers on foreign
+        Support triggers on foreign
         tables (Ronan Dunklau)
        
       
 
       
        
-        Fix DROP IF EXISTS to more consistently not error
-        for non-existent objects (Pavel Stehule,  Dean Rasheed)
+        Allow moving groups of objects from one tablespace to another
+        using  ... MOVE
+        (Stephen Frost)
        
       
 
       
        
-        Improve how system-level relations are designated (Andres Freund,
-        Robert Haas)
+        Allow changing foreign key constraint deferrability
+        via  ... ALTER
+        CONSTRAINT (Simon Riggs)
        
+      
 
+      
        
-        Previously, relations once moved into the system catalog schema could
-        no longer be modified or dropped.
+        Reduce lock strength for some 
+        commands
+        (Simon Riggs, Noah Misch, Robert Haas)
        
-      
 
-      
        
-        Allow ALTER
-        TABLESPACE options to be also set by 
-        linkend="SQL-CREATETABLESPACE">CREATE TABLESPACE
-        (Vik Fearing)
+        Specifically, VALIDATE CONSTRAINT, CLUSTER
+        ON, SET WITHOUT CLUSTER, ALTER COLUMN
+        SET STATISTICS, ALTER COLUMN SET
+        (attribute_option), ALTER COLUMN RESET
+        (attribute_option) no longer require ACCESS
+        EXCLUSIVE locks.
        
       
 
       
        
-        Allow CREATE
-        AGGREGATE to supply the size of the aggregate's
-        transition state data (Hadi Moshayedi)
+        Allow tablespace options to be set
+        in  (Vik Fearing)
        
 
        
-        This allows the optimizer to better estimate how much memory will be
-        used by aggregates.
+        Formerly these options could only be set
+        via .
        
       
 
-     
-
-    
-     <command>ALTER</>
-
-     
-
       
        
-        Allow moving groups of objects from one tablespace to another
-        using ALTER
-        TABLESPACE ... MOVE (Stephen Frost)
+        Allow  to define the estimated
+        size of the aggregate's transition state data (Hadi Moshayedi)
+       
+
+       
+        Proper use of this feature allows the planner to better estimate
+        how much memory will be used by aggregates.
        
       
 
       
        
-        Allow changing foreign key constraint deferrability via 
-        linkend="SQL-ALTERTABLE">ALTER TABLE
-        ... ALTER CONSTRAINT (Simon Riggs)
+        Fix DROP IF EXISTS to avoid errors for non-existent
+        objects in more cases (Pavel Stehule, Dean Rasheed)
        
       
 
       
        
-        Reduce lock levels of some 
-        linkend="SQL-ALTERTABLE">ALTER TABLE commands
-        (Simon Riggs, Noah Misch, Robert Haas)
+        Improve how system relations are identified (Andres Freund,
+        Robert Haas)
        
 
        
-        Specifically, VALIDATE CONSTRAINT, CLUSTER
-        ON, SET WITHOUT CLUSTER, ALTER COLUMN
-        SET STATISTICS, ALTER COLUMN SET
-        (attribute_option), ALTER COLUMN RESET
-        (attribute_option) no longer require ACCESS
-        EXCLUSIVE locks.
+        Previously, relations once moved into the pg_catalog
+        schema could no longer be modified or dropped.
        
       
 
      
 
-    
-
    
 
    
@@ -1321,7 +1300,7 @@
 
        
         The line segment data type (
-        linkend="datatype-lseg">LSEG) has always been
+        linkend="datatype-lseg">lseg) has always been
         fully supported.  The previous line data type (enabled
         only via a compile-time option) is not binary or dump-compatible.
        
@@ -1329,7 +1308,7 @@
 
       
        
-        Add PG_LSN
+        Add pg_lsn
         data type to represent a WAL log sequence number
         (LSN) (Robert Haas, Michael Paquier)
        
@@ -1338,8 +1317,8 @@
       
        
         Allow single-point 
-        linkend="datatype-polygon">POLYGONs to be converted
-        to CIRCLEs
+        linkend="datatype-polygon">polygons to be converted
+        to circles
         (Bruce Momjian)
        
       
@@ -1347,15 +1326,15 @@
       
        
         Allow 5+ digit years for non-ISO 
-        linkend="datatype-datetime">TIMESTAMP and
-        DATE strings, where appropriate (Bruce Momjian)
+        linkend="datatype-datetime">timestamp and
+        date strings, where appropriate (Bruce Momjian)
        
       
 
       
        
         Add checks for overflow/underflow of 
-        linkend="datatype-datetime">INTERVAL values
+        linkend="datatype-datetime">interval values
         (Bruce Momjian)
        
       
@@ -1363,23 +1342,25 @@
     
 
     
-     <link linkend="datatype-json"><<span class="marked">type</span>>JSON</></link>
+     <link linkend="datatype-json"><<span class="marked">acronym</span>>JSON</></link>
 
      
 
        
         
-         Add structured (non-text) data type (
-         linkend="datatype-json">jsonb) for storing
-         JSON data (Oleg Bartunov, Teodor Sigaev, Alexander
-         Korotkov, Peter Geoghegan, and Andrew Dunstan)
+         Add jsonb, a more
+         capable and efficient data type for for storing JSON data
+         (Oleg Bartunov, Teodor Sigaev, Alexander
+         Korotkov, Peter Geoghegan, Andrew Dunstan)
         
 
         
-         This allows for faster access to values in the JSON
-         document and faster and more useful indexing of JSON.
-         Scalar values in jsonb documents are typed as appropriate
-         scalar SQL types.
+         This new type allows faster access to values in a JSON
+         document and faster and more useful indexing of JSON columns.
+         Scalar values in jsonb documents are stored as appropriate
+         scalar SQL types, and the JSON document structure is pre-parsed
+         rather than being stored as text as in the original json
+         data type.
         
        
 
@@ -1412,7 +1393,6 @@
 
    
 
-
    
     Functions
 
@@ -1422,12 +1402,13 @@
        
         Add 
         linkend="functions-datetime-delay">pg_sleep_for(interval)
-        and pg_sleep_until(timestamp) to specify sophisticated
-        delays (Vik Fearing, Julien Rouhaud)
+        and pg_sleep_until(timestamp) to specify
+        delays more flexibly (Vik Fearing, Julien Rouhaud)
        
 
        
-        pg_sleep() only supports delays specified in seconds.
+        The existing pg_sleep() function only supports delays
+        specified in seconds.
        
       
 
@@ -1468,28 +1449,29 @@
        
 
        
-        These functions are prefixed with make_,
+        These functions' names are prefixed with make_,
         e.g. make_date().
        
       
 
       
        
-        Have 
-        linkend="functions-formatting-table">to_char(TZ)
-        return the proper value for constant time zone offsets (Tom Lane)
+        Make 
+        linkend="functions-formatting-table">to_char()'s
+        TZ format specifier return a useful value for simple
+        numeric time zone offsets (Tom Lane)
        
 
        
         Previously, to_char(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, 'TZ') returned
-        NULL if the TIME ZONE was set to a constant like
-        -4.
+        an empty string if the timezone was set to a constant
+        like -4.
        
       
 
       
        
-        Add timezone offset output option OF to 
+        Add timezone offset format specifier OF to 
         linkend="functions-formatting-table">to_char()
         (Bruce Momjian)
        
@@ -1503,6 +1485,19 @@
        
       
 
+      
+       
+        Tighten validity checking for Unicode code points in 
+        linkend="functions-string-other">chr(int)
+        (Tom Lane)
+       
+
+       
+        This function now only accepts values that are valid UTF8 characters
+        according to RFC 3629.
+       
+      
+
      
 
     
@@ -1514,7 +1509,7 @@
        
         Add functions for looking up objects in pg_class,
         pg_proc, pg_type, and
-        pg_operator which do not generate errors for
+        pg_operator that do not generate errors for
         non-existent objects (Yugo Nagata, Nozomi Anzai,
         Robert Haas)
        
@@ -1522,8 +1517,9 @@
        
         For example, 
         linkend="functions-info-catalog-table">to_regclass()
-        does lookups of pg_class and returns NULL for
-        non-existent objects.
+        does a lookup in pg_class similarly to
+        the regclass input function, but it returns NULL for a
+        non-existent object instead of failing.
        
       
 
@@ -1531,30 +1527,28 @@
        
         Add function 
         linkend="functions-admin-dblocation">pg_filenode_relation()
-        to allow for more efficient lookup of relation names from filenodes (Andres
-        Freund)
+        to allow for more efficient lookup of relation names from filenodes
+        (Andres Freund)
        
       
 
       
        
-        Add 
-        linkend="information-schema">information_schema
-        column 
-        linkend="infoschema-parameters">parameters.parameter_default
-        (Peter Eisentraut)
+        Add parameter_default column to 
+        linkend="infoschema-parameters">information_schema.parameters
+        view (Peter Eisentraut)
        
       
 
       
        
-        Have 
-        linkend="infoschema-schemata">field>information_schema.schemata
-        show all accessible schema (Peter Eisentraut)
+        Make 
+        linkend="infoschema-schemata">name>information_schema.schemata
+        show all accessible schemas (Peter Eisentraut)
        
 
        
-        Previously it only showed owned schemas.
+        Previously it only showed schemas owned by the current user.
        
       
 
@@ -1569,20 +1563,7 @@
 
       
        
-        Add aggregates 
-        linkend="functions-orderedset-table">percentile_cont(),
-        percentile_disc(), 
-        linkend="functions-hypothetical-table">rank(),
-        dense_rank(), percent_rank(),
-        cume_dist(), and 
-        linkend="functions-orderedset-table">mode()
-        (Atri Sharma, Andrew Gierth)
-       
-      
-
-      
-       
-        Add control over which values are passed
+        Add control over which rows are passed
         into aggregate functions using the 
         linkend="syntax-aggregates">FILTER clause
         (David Fetter)
@@ -1595,9 +1576,25 @@
         linkend="syntax-aggregates">WITHIN GROUP)
         aggregates (Atri Sharma, Andrew Gierth, Tom Lane)
        
+      
+
+      
+       
+        Add aggregates 
+        linkend="functions-orderedset-table">percentile_cont(),
+        percentile_disc(), mode(), 
+        linkend="functions-hypothetical-table">rank(),
+        dense_rank(), percent_rank(), and
+        cume_dist()
+        (Atri Sharma, Andrew Gierth)
+       
+      
 
+      
        
-        This allows aggregates that require sorted input.
+        Support 
+        linkend="xfunc-sql-variadic-functions">VARIADIC
+        aggregate functions (Tom Lane)
        
       
 
@@ -1607,19 +1604,11 @@
         types (Tom Lane)
        
        
-        This allows the declaration of aggregates like the built-in
+        This allows proper declaration of aggregates like the built-in
         aggregate array_agg() in SQL.
        
       
 
-      
-       
-        Allow 
-        linkend="xfunc-sql-variadic-functions">VARIADIC
-        aggregate functions (Tom Lane)
-       
-      
-
      
 
     
@@ -1640,13 +1629,14 @@
 
      
       
-       Convert NUMERICs to
-       decimal values in PL/Python
+       Convert numeric
+       values to decimal in PL/Python
        (Szymon Guz, Ronan Dunklau)
       
 
       
-       Previously these were converted to floats.
+       Previously such values were converted to Python float values,
+       risking loss of precision.
       
      
 
@@ -1711,27 +1701,19 @@
        
         Make libpq's 
         linkend="libpq-pqconndefaults">PQconndefaults()
-        ignore invalid service files (Steve Singer, Bruce Momjian)
+        function ignore invalid service files (Steve Singer, Bruce Momjian)
        
 
        
-        Previously it returned NULL.
+        Previously it returned NULL if an incorrect service file was
+        encountered.
        
       
 
       
        
-        Allow libpq to support TLS versions beyond
-        TLSv1 (Marko Kreen)
-       
-      
-
-      
-       
-        Document that libpq's 
-        linkend="libpq-pqclientencoding">PQclientEncoding()
-        returns -1 for an encoding lookup failure (Bruce
-        Momjian)
+        Accept TLS protocol versions beyond TLSv1
+        in libpq (Marko Kreen)
        
       
 
@@ -1746,15 +1728,14 @@
 
       
        
-        Add 
-        linkend="APP-CREATEUSER">createuser
-        -g to specify role membership (Chistopher Browne)
+        Add  option -g
+        to specify role membership (Chistopher Browne)
        
       
 
       
        
-        Add <link linkend="APP-VACUUMDB">vacuumdb>
+        Add <xref linkend="APP-VACUUMDB">
         option --analyze-in-stages to analyze in stages of
         increasing granularity (Peter Eisentraut)
        
@@ -1766,61 +1747,64 @@
 
       
        
-        Allow pg_xlogdump
-        to report a live log stream with --follow (Heikki
-        Linnakangas)
+        Make  with option -n
+        output current and potentially changed values (Rajeev Rastogi)
        
       
 
       
        
-        Have pg_resetxlog
-        -n output current and potentially changed values
-        (Rajeev Rastogi)
+        Make  throw error for incorrect locale
+        settings, rather than silently falling back to a default choice
+        (Tom Lane)
        
       
 
       
        
-        Allow sizeof() in ECPG
-        C array definitions (Michael Meskes)
+        Make  return exit code 4 for
+        an inaccessible data directory (Amit Kapila, Bruce Momjian)
        
-      
 
-      
        
-        Have ECPG properly handle nesting
-        requirements in C and SQL mode for C-style comments
-        (Michael Meskes)
+        This behavior more closely matches the Linux Standard Base
+        (LSB) Core Specification.
        
       
 
       
        
-        Have pg_ctl
-        return 4 for an inaccessible data directory
-        specification (Amit Kapila, Bruce Momjian)
+        On Windows, ensure that a non-absolute -D path
+        specification is interpreted relative
+        to 's current directory
+        (Kumar Rajeev Rastogi)
+       
+
+       
+        Previously it would be interpreted relative to whichever directory
+        the underlying Windows service was started in.
        
+      
 
+      
        
-        This more closely matches the Linux Standard Base (LSB)
-        Core Specification.
+        Allow sizeof() in ECPG
+        C array definitions (Michael Meskes)
        
       
 
       
        
-        On Windows, interpret 
-        linkend="app-pg-ctl">pg_ctl's non-absolute
-        path -D directories relative to pg_ctl's
-        current directory (Kumar Rajeev Rastogi)
+        Make ECPG properly handle nesting
+        of C-style comments in both C and SQL text
+        (Michael Meskes)
        
       
 
     
 
     
-     <<span class="marked">link linkend="APP-PSQL"><application>psql</></link</span>>
+     <<span class="marked">xref linkend="APP-PSQL"</span>>
 
      
 
@@ -1834,7 +1818,7 @@
 
       
        
-        Suppress "No rows" in psql 
+        Suppress No rows output in psql 
         linkend="APP-PSQL-meta-commands">expanded
         mode when the footer is disabled (Bruce Momjian)
        
@@ -1842,7 +1826,7 @@
 
       
        
-        Allow Control-C to abort psql hung at connection
+        Allow Control-C to abort psql when hung at connection
         startup (Peter Eisentraut)
        
       
@@ -1856,39 +1840,39 @@
 
        
         
-         Have psql \db+ show tablespace options
+         Make psql \db+ show tablespace options
          (Magnus Hagander)
         
        
 
        
         
-         Have psql \do+ display the functions
+         Make psql \do+ display the functions
          which implement the operators (Marko Tiikkaja)
         
        
 
        
         
-         Have psql \d+ output an
-         OID line only if an oid column exists in a table
-         (Bruce Momjian)
+         Make psql \d+ output an
+         OID line only if an oid column
+         exists in a table (Bruce Momjian)
         
 
         
-         Previously, the presence or absence of an oid column was always
-         reported.
+         Previously, the presence or absence of an oid
+         column was always reported.
         
        
 
        
         
-         Have \d show disabled system triggers (Bruce
+         Make \d show disabled system triggers (Bruce
          Momjian)
         
 
         
-         Previously if you disabled all triggers, only user triggers
+         Previously, if you disabled all triggers, only user triggers
          would show as disabled.
         
        
@@ -1902,9 +1886,9 @@
 
        
         
-         Output the row count at the end of
-         psql \copy just like 
-         linkend="SQL-COPY">COPY> (Kumar Rajeev Rastogi)
+         Output the row count at the end
+         of psql \copy just
+         like > (Kumar Rajeev Rastogi)
         
        
 
@@ -1944,12 +1928,13 @@
 
        
         
-         In psql, output the written history file name
-         (\s) without adding an absolute path prefix (Tom Lane)
+         In psql, display the history file name written by
+         \s without converting it to an absolute path (Tom Lane)
         
 
         
-         The previous output was inconsistent.
+         The code previously attempted to convert a relative file name to
+         an absolute path for display, but frequently got it wrong.
         
        
 
@@ -1960,36 +1945,35 @@
     
 
     
-     <<span class="marked">link linkend="APP-PGDUMP"><application>pg_dump</></link</span>>
+     <<span class="marked">xref linkend="APP-PGDUMP"</span>>
 
      
 
       
        
-        Allow 
-        linkend="APP-PGRESTORE">pg_restore options
+        Allow  options
         -I, -P, -T and -n
         to be specified multiple times (Heikki Linnakangas)
        
 
        
-        This allows multiple restore object to be specified.
+        This allows multiple objects to be restored in one operation.
        
       
 
       
        
-        Add IF EXISTS clauses when removing old objects during
-        dump and restore (Pavel Stehule)
+        Optionally add IF EXISTS clauses to the DROP
+        commands emitted when removing old objects during a restore (Pavel
+        Stehule)
        
 
        
-        This suppresses errors when removing old objects.
-        The new --if-exists option to 
-        linkend="APP-PGDUMP">pg_dump, 
-        linkend="APP-PG-DUMPALL">pg_dumpall, and
-        pg_restore
-        is only available when --clean is also specified.
+        This change prevents unnecessary errors when removing old objects.
+        The new --if-exists option
+        for , ,
+        and  is only available
+        when --clean is also specified.
        
       
 
@@ -1998,7 +1982,7 @@
     
 
     
-     <<span class="marked">link linkend="app-pgbasebackup"><application>pg_basebackup</></link</span>>
+     <<span class="marked">xref linkend="app-pgbasebackup"</span>>
 
      
 
@@ -2024,7 +2008,7 @@
 
       
        
-        Allow network-streams base backups to be throttled (Antonin Houska)
+        Allow network-stream base backups to be throttled (Antonin Houska)
        
 
        
@@ -2046,25 +2030,29 @@
 
       
        
-        Improve the way tuples are frozen, to preserve forensic information
+        Improve the way tuples are frozen to preserve forensic information
         (Robert Haas, Andres Freund)
        
 
        
-        Code that inspects tuple flag bits will need to be modified.
+        This change removes the main objection to freezing tuples as soon
+        as possible.  Code that inspects tuple flag bits will need to be
+        modified.
        
       
 
       
        
-        No longer require function prototypes for function marked with the
+        No longer require function prototypes for functions marked with the
         PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1
         macro (Peter Eisentraut)
        
 
        
-        This eliminates needless boilerplate prototypes whose lack
-        generates compiler warnings.
+        This change eliminates the need to write boilerplate prototypes.
+        Note that the PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1 macro must appear
+        before the corresponding function definition to avoid compiler
+        warnings.
        
       
 
@@ -2082,8 +2070,8 @@
 
       
        
-        Add API for memory allocations over one gigabyte (Noah
-        Misch)
+        Add an API to allow memory allocations over one gigabyte
+        (Noah Misch)
        
       
 
@@ -2096,8 +2084,8 @@
 
       
        
-        Add printf() modifier "z" to specify size_t
-        values (Andres Freund)
+        Support printf() size modifier z to
+        print size_t values (Andres Freund)
        
       
 
@@ -2146,7 +2134,7 @@
       
        
         Reduce the number of semaphores required by
-        --disable-spinlocks (Robert Haas)
+        --disable-spinlocks builds (Robert Haas)
        
       
 
@@ -2167,8 +2155,8 @@
       
        
         Add make targets check-tests and
-        installcheck-tests which allow per-test specification
-        (Andrew Dunstan)
+        installcheck-tests, which allow selection of individual
+        tests to be run (Andrew Dunstan)
        
       
 
@@ -2178,7 +2166,7 @@
        
 
        
-        Its functionality is now done by the default build rules.
+        The default build rules now include all the formerly-optional tests.
        
       
 
@@ -2197,7 +2185,7 @@
 
       
        
-        Add configure flag that appends custom text to the
+        Add a configure flag that appends custom text to the
         PG_VERSION string (Oskari Saarenmaa)
        
 
@@ -2214,7 +2202,7 @@
 
       
        
-        Various security and sanity fixes reported by the
+        Various minor security and sanity fixes reported by the
         Coverity scanner (Stephen Frost)
        
       
@@ -2228,7 +2216,7 @@
 
       
        
-        Improve Emacs configuration file
+        Improve sample Emacs configuration file
         emacs.samples (Peter Eisentraut)
        
 
@@ -2239,26 +2227,28 @@
 
       
        
-        Allow pgindent to be supplied a command-line list
+        Allow pgindent to accept a command-line list
         of typedefs (Bruce Momjian)
        
 
        
-        Pgindent is also now smarter about blank lines
+        pgindent is also now smarter about blank lines
         around preprocessor conditionals.
        
       
 
       
        
-        Avoid most uses of dlltool in Cygwin and
+        Avoid most uses of dlltool
+        in Cygwin and
         Mingw builds (Marco Atzeri, Hiroshi Inoue)
        
       
 
       
        
-        Allow client-only installs for MSVC (Windows) builds (MauMau)
+        Support client-only installs in MSVC (Windows) builds
+        (MauMau)
        
       
 
@@ -2273,80 +2263,94 @@
 
       
        
-        Add pg_prewarm
-        extension to preload relation data into the shared buffer cache
-        (Robert Haas)
+        Add  extension to preload relation data
+        into the shared buffer cache at server start (Robert Haas)
        
 
        
-        This is useful at server start to produce more consistent
-        performance.
+        This allows reaching full operating performance more quickly.
        
       
 
       
        
         Add UUID random number generator
-        gen_random_uuid() to 
-        linkend="pgcrypto">pgcrypto (Oskari
-        Saarenmaa)
+        gen_random_uuid() to 
+        (Oskari Saarenmaa)
        
 
        
-        This allows the creation of version 4 UUIDs without
-        requiring the installation of uuid-ossp>.
+        This allows creation of version 4 UUIDs without
+        requiring installation of >.
        
       
 
       
        
-        Add option to include trigger execution time to 
-        linkend="auto-explain">auto_explain
-        (Horiguchi Kyotaro)
+        Allow  to work with
+        the BSD or e2fsprogs UUID libraries,
+        not only the OSSP UUID library (Matteo Beccati)
+       
+
+       
+        This improves the uuid-ossp module's portability
+        since it no longer has to have the increasingly-obsolete OSSP
+        library.  The module's name is now rather a misnomer, but we won't
+        change it.
        
       
 
       
        
-        Fix pgstattuple
-        to not report rows from uncommitted transactions as dead
-        (Robert Haas)
+        Add option to  to include trigger
+        execution time (Horiguchi Kyotaro)
        
       
 
       
        
-        Have pgstattuple
-        functions use regclass-type arguments (Satoshi Nagayasu)
+        Fix  to not report rows from
+        uncommitted transactions as dead (Robert Haas)
        
+      
 
+      
        
-        While text-type arguments are still supported, they will be
-        removed in a later major release.
+        Make  functions
+        use regclass-type arguments (Satoshi Nagayasu)
+       
+
+       
+        While text-type arguments are still supported, they
+        may be removed in a future major release.
        
       
 
       
        
-        Improve consistency of 
-        linkend="pgrowlocks">pgrowlocks output to
-        honor snapshot rules more consistently (Robert Haas)
+        Improve consistency of  output to honor
+        snapshot rules more consistently (Robert Haas)
        
       
 
       
        
-        Improve pg_trgm's
-        generation of trigrams for indexed regular expression searches by
-        discouraging the indexing of trigrams containing whitespace (Alexander
-        Korotkov)
+        Improve 's choice of trigrams for indexed
+        regular expression searches by discouraging the selection of
+        trigrams containing whitespace (Alexander Korotkov)
        
       
 
       
        
-        Store cube data more compactly
-        (Stas Kelvich)
+        Allow  to report a live log stream
+        with --follow (Heikki Linnakangas)
+       
+      
+
+      
+       
+        Store  data more compactly (Stas Kelvich)
        
 
        
@@ -2357,30 +2361,29 @@
 
       
        
-        Reduce <link linkend="vacuumlo">vacuumlo
-        client-side memory usage by using a cursor (Andrew Dunstan)
+        Reduce <xref linkend="vacuumlo"> client-side memory usage by using
+        a cursor (Andrew Dunstan)
        
       
 
       
        
-        Dramatically reduce memory consumption in 
-        linkend="pgupgrade">pg_upgrade (Bruce
-        Momjian)
+        Dramatically reduce memory consumption
+        in  (Bruce Momjian)
        
       
 
       
        
-        Pass <link linkend="pgupgrade">pg_upgrade
-        user names (-U) to analyze scripts (Bruce Momjian)
+        Pass <xref linkend="pgupgrade"> user name (-U option) to
+        analyze scripts (Bruce Momjian)
        
       
 
     
 
     
-     <<span class="marked">link linkend="pgbench"><application>pgbench</></link</span>>
+     <<span class="marked">xref linkend="pgbench"</span>>
 
      
 
@@ -2397,20 +2400,22 @@
 
       
        
-        Add pgbench option (--rate) to control
-        the transaction rate (Fabien Coelho)
+        Add long option names to pgbench (Fabien Coelho)
        
       
 
       
        
-        Add --progress output option to pgbench (Fabien Coelho)
+        Add pgbench option --rate to control
+        the transaction rate (Fabien Coelho)
        
       
 
       
        
-        Add long options to pgbench (Fabien Coelho)
+        Add pgbench option --progress to
+        print periodic progress reports
+        (Fabien Coelho)
        
       
 
@@ -2419,19 +2424,19 @@
     
 
     
-     <<span class="marked">link linkend="pgstatstatements"><application>pg_stat_statements</></link</span>>
+     <<span class="marked">xref linkend="pgstatstatements"</span>>
 
      
 
       
        
-        Have pg_stat_statements use a flat file for query
-        text storage (Peter Geoghegan)
+        Make pg_stat_statements use a file, rather than
+        shared memory, for query text storage (Peter Geoghegan)
        
 
        
-        This removes the limitation on query text length, and allows a
-        higher default number of unique statements to be tracked.
+        This removes the previous limitation on query text length, and
+        allows a higher number of unique statements to be tracked by default.
        
       
 
@@ -2451,7 +2456,15 @@
 
        
         This allows monitoring tools to only fetch query text for newly
-        created entries, as reported in queryid.
+        created entries, improving performance for repeated querying of the
+        statistics.
+       
+      
+
+      
+       
+        Save the statistics file into $PGDATA/pg_stat at server
+        shutdown, rather than $PGDATA/global (Fujii Masao)
        
       
 




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