Isolation test files for ALTER TABLE patch

diff --git a/src/test/isolation/expected/alter-table-1.out b/src/test/isolation/expected/alter-table-1.out
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..edf7288
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/isolation/expected/alter-table-1.out
@@ -0,0 +1,2936 @@
+Parsed test spec with 2 sessions
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 sc1 s2 at2 sc2 rx1 wx rx1 c2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step c2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 sc1 s2 at2 rx1 sc2 wx rx1 c2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step c2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 sc1 s2 at2 rx1 wx sc2 rx1 c2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step c2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 sc1 s2 at2 rx1 wx rx1 sc2 c2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+step c2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 sc1 s2 at2 rx1 wx rx1 c2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step c2: COMMIT;
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 sc1 s2 rx1 at2 sc2 wx rx1 c2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step c2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 sc1 s2 rx1 at2 wx sc2 rx1 c2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step c2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 sc1 s2 rx1 at2 wx rx1 sc2 c2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+step c2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 sc1 s2 rx1 at2 wx rx1 c2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step c2: COMMIT;
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 sc1 s2 rx1 wx at2 sc2 rx1 c2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step c2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 sc1 s2 rx1 wx at2 rx1 sc2 c2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+step c2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 sc1 s2 rx1 wx at2 rx1 c2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step c2: COMMIT;
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 sc1 s2 rx1 wx rx1 at2 sc2 c2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+step c2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 sc1 s2 rx1 wx rx1 at2 c2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step c2: COMMIT;
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 sc1 s2 rx1 wx rx1 c2 at2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step c2: COMMIT;
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 sc1 rx1 s2 at2 sc2 wx rx1 c2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step c2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 sc1 rx1 s2 at2 wx sc2 rx1 c2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step c2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 sc1 rx1 s2 at2 wx rx1 sc2 c2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+step c2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 sc1 rx1 s2 at2 wx rx1 c2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step c2: COMMIT;
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 sc1 rx1 s2 wx at2 sc2 rx1 c2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step c2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 sc1 rx1 s2 wx at2 rx1 sc2 c2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+step c2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 sc1 rx1 s2 wx at2 rx1 c2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step c2: COMMIT;
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 sc1 rx1 s2 wx rx1 at2 sc2 c2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+step c2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 sc1 rx1 s2 wx rx1 at2 c2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step c2: COMMIT;
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 sc1 rx1 s2 wx rx1 c2 at2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step c2: COMMIT;
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 sc1 rx1 wx s2 at2 sc2 rx1 c2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step c2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 sc1 rx1 wx s2 at2 rx1 sc2 c2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+step c2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 sc1 rx1 wx s2 at2 rx1 c2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step c2: COMMIT;
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 sc1 rx1 wx s2 rx1 at2 sc2 c2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+step c2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 sc1 rx1 wx s2 rx1 at2 c2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step c2: COMMIT;
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 sc1 rx1 wx s2 rx1 c2 at2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step c2: COMMIT;
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 sc1 rx1 wx rx1 s2 at2 sc2 c2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+step c2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 sc1 rx1 wx rx1 s2 at2 c2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step c2: COMMIT;
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 sc1 rx1 wx rx1 s2 c2 at2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step c2: COMMIT;
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 sc1 rx1 wx rx1 c2 s2 at2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step c2: COMMIT;
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 rx1 sc1 s2 at2 sc2 wx rx1 c2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1; 
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step rx1: <... completed>
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step c2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 rx1 sc1 s2 at2 wx sc2 rx1 c2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1; 
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step rx1: <... completed>
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step c2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 rx1 sc1 s2 at2 wx rx1 sc2 c2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1; 
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step rx1: <... completed>
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+step c2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 rx1 sc1 s2 at2 wx rx1 c2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1; 
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step rx1: <... completed>
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step c2: COMMIT;
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 rx1 sc1 s2 wx at2 sc2 rx1 c2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1; 
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step rx1: <... completed>
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step c2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 rx1 sc1 s2 wx at2 rx1 sc2 c2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1; 
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step rx1: <... completed>
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+step c2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 rx1 sc1 s2 wx at2 rx1 c2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1; 
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step rx1: <... completed>
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step c2: COMMIT;
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 rx1 sc1 s2 wx rx1 at2 sc2 c2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1; 
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step rx1: <... completed>
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+step c2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 rx1 sc1 s2 wx rx1 at2 c2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1; 
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step rx1: <... completed>
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step c2: COMMIT;
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 rx1 sc1 s2 wx rx1 c2 at2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1; 
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step rx1: <... completed>
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step c2: COMMIT;
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 rx1 sc1 wx s2 at2 sc2 rx1 c2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1; 
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step rx1: <... completed>
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step c2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 rx1 sc1 wx s2 at2 rx1 sc2 c2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1; 
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step rx1: <... completed>
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+step c2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 rx1 sc1 wx s2 at2 rx1 c2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1; 
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step rx1: <... completed>
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step c2: COMMIT;
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 rx1 sc1 wx s2 rx1 at2 sc2 c2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1; 
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step rx1: <... completed>
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+step c2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 rx1 sc1 wx s2 rx1 at2 c2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1; 
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step rx1: <... completed>
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step c2: COMMIT;
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 rx1 sc1 wx s2 rx1 c2 at2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1; 
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step rx1: <... completed>
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step c2: COMMIT;
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 rx1 sc1 wx rx1 s2 at2 sc2 c2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1; 
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step rx1: <... completed>
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+step c2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 rx1 sc1 wx rx1 s2 at2 c2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1; 
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step rx1: <... completed>
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step c2: COMMIT;
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 rx1 sc1 wx rx1 s2 c2 at2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1; 
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step rx1: <... completed>
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step c2: COMMIT;
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 rx1 sc1 wx rx1 c2 s2 at2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1; 
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step rx1: <... completed>
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step c2: COMMIT;
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 rx1 wx sc1 s2 at2 sc2 rx1 c2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 rx1 wx sc1 s2 at2 rx1 sc2 c2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 rx1 wx sc1 s2 at2 rx1 c2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 rx1 wx sc1 s2 rx1 at2 sc2 c2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 rx1 wx sc1 s2 rx1 at2 c2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 rx1 wx sc1 s2 rx1 c2 at2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 rx1 wx sc1 rx1 s2 at2 sc2 c2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 rx1 wx sc1 rx1 s2 at2 c2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 rx1 wx sc1 rx1 s2 c2 at2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 rx1 wx sc1 rx1 c2 s2 at2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 rx1 wx rx1 sc1 s2 at2 sc2 c2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 rx1 wx rx1 sc1 s2 at2 c2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 rx1 wx rx1 sc1 s2 c2 at2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 rx1 wx rx1 sc1 c2 s2 at2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 at1 rx1 wx rx1 c2 sc1 s2 at2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 rx1 at1 sc1 s2 at2 sc2 wx rx1 c2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 rx1 at1 sc1 s2 at2 wx sc2 rx1 c2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 rx1 at1 sc1 s2 at2 wx rx1 sc2 c2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 rx1 at1 sc1 s2 at2 wx rx1 c2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 rx1 at1 sc1 s2 wx at2 sc2 rx1 c2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 rx1 at1 sc1 s2 wx at2 rx1 sc2 c2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 rx1 at1 sc1 s2 wx at2 rx1 c2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 rx1 at1 sc1 s2 wx rx1 at2 sc2 c2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 rx1 at1 sc1 s2 wx rx1 at2 c2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 rx1 at1 sc1 s2 wx rx1 c2 at2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 rx1 at1 sc1 wx s2 at2 sc2 rx1 c2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 rx1 at1 sc1 wx s2 at2 rx1 sc2 c2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 rx1 at1 sc1 wx s2 at2 rx1 c2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 rx1 at1 sc1 wx s2 rx1 at2 sc2 c2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 rx1 at1 sc1 wx s2 rx1 at2 c2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 rx1 at1 sc1 wx s2 rx1 c2 at2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 rx1 at1 sc1 wx rx1 s2 at2 sc2 c2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 rx1 at1 sc1 wx rx1 s2 at2 c2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 rx1 at1 sc1 wx rx1 s2 c2 at2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 rx1 at1 sc1 wx rx1 c2 s2 at2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 rx1 at1 wx sc1 s2 at2 sc2 rx1 c2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 rx1 at1 wx sc1 s2 at2 rx1 sc2 c2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 rx1 at1 wx sc1 s2 at2 rx1 c2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 rx1 at1 wx sc1 s2 rx1 at2 sc2 c2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 rx1 at1 wx sc1 s2 rx1 at2 c2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 rx1 at1 wx sc1 s2 rx1 c2 at2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 rx1 at1 wx sc1 rx1 s2 at2 sc2 c2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 rx1 at1 wx sc1 rx1 s2 at2 c2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 rx1 at1 wx sc1 rx1 s2 c2 at2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 rx1 at1 wx sc1 rx1 c2 s2 at2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 rx1 at1 wx rx1 sc1 s2 at2 sc2 c2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 rx1 at1 wx rx1 sc1 s2 at2 c2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 rx1 at1 wx rx1 sc1 s2 c2 at2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 rx1 at1 wx rx1 sc1 c2 s2 at2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 rx1 at1 wx rx1 c2 sc1 s2 at2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step c2: COMMIT;
+step at1: <... completed>
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1 rx1 wx at1 sc1 s2 at2 sc2 rx1 c2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 rx1 wx at1 sc1 s2 at2 rx1 sc2 c2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 rx1 wx at1 sc1 s2 at2 rx1 c2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 rx1 wx at1 sc1 s2 rx1 at2 sc2 c2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 rx1 wx at1 sc1 s2 rx1 at2 c2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 rx1 wx at1 sc1 s2 rx1 c2 at2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 rx1 wx at1 sc1 rx1 s2 at2 sc2 c2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 rx1 wx at1 sc1 rx1 s2 at2 c2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 rx1 wx at1 sc1 rx1 s2 c2 at2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 rx1 wx at1 sc1 rx1 c2 s2 at2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 rx1 wx at1 rx1 sc1 s2 at2 sc2 c2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 rx1 wx at1 rx1 sc1 s2 at2 c2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 rx1 wx at1 rx1 sc1 s2 c2 at2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 rx1 wx at1 rx1 sc1 c2 s2 at2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 rx1 wx at1 rx1 c2 sc1 s2 at2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step c2: COMMIT;
+step at1: <... completed>
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1 rx1 wx rx1 at1 sc1 s2 at2 sc2 c2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 rx1 wx rx1 at1 sc1 s2 at2 c2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 rx1 wx rx1 at1 sc1 s2 c2 at2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 rx1 wx rx1 at1 sc1 c2 s2 at2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: s1 rx1 wx rx1 at1 c2 sc1 s2 at2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+step c2: COMMIT;
+step at1: <... completed>
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1 rx1 wx rx1 c2 at1 sc1 s2 at2 sc2
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step c2: COMMIT;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: rx1 s1 at1 sc1 s2 at2 sc2 wx rx1 c2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 s1 at1 sc1 s2 at2 wx sc2 rx1 c2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 s1 at1 sc1 s2 at2 wx rx1 sc2 c2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 s1 at1 sc1 s2 at2 wx rx1 c2 sc2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 s1 at1 sc1 s2 wx at2 sc2 rx1 c2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 s1 at1 sc1 s2 wx at2 rx1 sc2 c2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 s1 at1 sc1 s2 wx at2 rx1 c2 sc2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 s1 at1 sc1 s2 wx rx1 at2 sc2 c2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 s1 at1 sc1 s2 wx rx1 at2 c2 sc2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 s1 at1 sc1 s2 wx rx1 c2 at2 sc2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 s1 at1 sc1 wx s2 at2 sc2 rx1 c2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 s1 at1 sc1 wx s2 at2 rx1 sc2 c2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 s1 at1 sc1 wx s2 at2 rx1 c2 sc2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 s1 at1 sc1 wx s2 rx1 at2 sc2 c2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 s1 at1 sc1 wx s2 rx1 at2 c2 sc2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 s1 at1 sc1 wx s2 rx1 c2 at2 sc2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 s1 at1 sc1 wx rx1 s2 at2 sc2 c2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 s1 at1 sc1 wx rx1 s2 at2 c2 sc2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 s1 at1 sc1 wx rx1 s2 c2 at2 sc2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 s1 at1 sc1 wx rx1 c2 s2 at2 sc2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 s1 at1 wx sc1 s2 at2 sc2 rx1 c2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 s1 at1 wx sc1 s2 at2 rx1 sc2 c2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 s1 at1 wx sc1 s2 at2 rx1 c2 sc2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 s1 at1 wx sc1 s2 rx1 at2 sc2 c2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 s1 at1 wx sc1 s2 rx1 at2 c2 sc2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 s1 at1 wx sc1 s2 rx1 c2 at2 sc2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 s1 at1 wx sc1 rx1 s2 at2 sc2 c2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 s1 at1 wx sc1 rx1 s2 at2 c2 sc2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 s1 at1 wx sc1 rx1 s2 c2 at2 sc2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 s1 at1 wx sc1 rx1 c2 s2 at2 sc2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 s1 at1 wx rx1 sc1 s2 at2 sc2 c2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 s1 at1 wx rx1 sc1 s2 at2 c2 sc2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 s1 at1 wx rx1 sc1 s2 c2 at2 sc2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 s1 at1 wx rx1 sc1 c2 s2 at2 sc2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 s1 at1 wx rx1 c2 sc1 s2 at2 sc2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step c2: COMMIT;
+step at1: <... completed>
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: rx1 s1 wx at1 sc1 s2 at2 sc2 rx1 c2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 s1 wx at1 sc1 s2 at2 rx1 sc2 c2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 s1 wx at1 sc1 s2 at2 rx1 c2 sc2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 s1 wx at1 sc1 s2 rx1 at2 sc2 c2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 s1 wx at1 sc1 s2 rx1 at2 c2 sc2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 s1 wx at1 sc1 s2 rx1 c2 at2 sc2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 s1 wx at1 sc1 rx1 s2 at2 sc2 c2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 s1 wx at1 sc1 rx1 s2 at2 c2 sc2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 s1 wx at1 sc1 rx1 s2 c2 at2 sc2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 s1 wx at1 sc1 rx1 c2 s2 at2 sc2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 s1 wx at1 rx1 sc1 s2 at2 sc2 c2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 s1 wx at1 rx1 sc1 s2 at2 c2 sc2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 s1 wx at1 rx1 sc1 s2 c2 at2 sc2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 s1 wx at1 rx1 sc1 c2 s2 at2 sc2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 s1 wx at1 rx1 c2 sc1 s2 at2 sc2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step c2: COMMIT;
+step at1: <... completed>
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: rx1 s1 wx rx1 at1 sc1 s2 at2 sc2 c2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 s1 wx rx1 at1 sc1 s2 at2 c2 sc2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 s1 wx rx1 at1 sc1 s2 c2 at2 sc2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 s1 wx rx1 at1 sc1 c2 s2 at2 sc2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 s1 wx rx1 at1 c2 sc1 s2 at2 sc2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+step c2: COMMIT;
+step at1: <... completed>
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: rx1 s1 wx rx1 c2 at1 sc1 s2 at2 sc2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step c2: COMMIT;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: rx1 wx s1 at1 sc1 s2 at2 sc2 rx1 c2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 wx s1 at1 sc1 s2 at2 rx1 sc2 c2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 wx s1 at1 sc1 s2 at2 rx1 c2 sc2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 wx s1 at1 sc1 s2 rx1 at2 sc2 c2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 wx s1 at1 sc1 s2 rx1 at2 c2 sc2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 wx s1 at1 sc1 s2 rx1 c2 at2 sc2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 wx s1 at1 sc1 rx1 s2 at2 sc2 c2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 wx s1 at1 sc1 rx1 s2 at2 c2 sc2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 wx s1 at1 sc1 rx1 s2 c2 at2 sc2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 wx s1 at1 sc1 rx1 c2 s2 at2 sc2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 wx s1 at1 rx1 sc1 s2 at2 sc2 c2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 wx s1 at1 rx1 sc1 s2 at2 c2 sc2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 wx s1 at1 rx1 sc1 s2 c2 at2 sc2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 wx s1 at1 rx1 sc1 c2 s2 at2 sc2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 wx s1 at1 rx1 c2 sc1 s2 at2 sc2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step c2: COMMIT;
+step at1: <... completed>
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: rx1 wx s1 rx1 at1 sc1 s2 at2 sc2 c2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 wx s1 rx1 at1 sc1 s2 at2 c2 sc2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 wx s1 rx1 at1 sc1 s2 c2 at2 sc2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 wx s1 rx1 at1 sc1 c2 s2 at2 sc2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 wx s1 rx1 at1 c2 sc1 s2 at2 sc2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+step c2: COMMIT;
+step at1: <... completed>
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: rx1 wx s1 rx1 c2 at1 sc1 s2 at2 sc2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step c2: COMMIT;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: rx1 wx rx1 s1 at1 sc1 s2 at2 sc2 c2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 wx rx1 s1 at1 sc1 s2 at2 c2 sc2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 wx rx1 s1 at1 sc1 s2 c2 at2 sc2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 wx rx1 s1 at1 sc1 c2 s2 at2 sc2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+invalid permutation detected
+
+starting permutation: rx1 wx rx1 s1 at1 c2 sc1 s2 at2 sc2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; 
+step c2: COMMIT;
+step at1: <... completed>
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: rx1 wx rx1 s1 c2 at1 sc1 s2 at2 sc2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step c2: COMMIT;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step sc2: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: rx1 wx rx1 c2 s1 at1 sc1 s2 at2 sc2
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1;
+a_id           
+
+1              
+step wx: INSERT INTO b VALUES (0);
+step rx1: SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3;
+a_id           
+
+3              
+3              
+3              
+step c2: COMMIT;
+step s1: BEGIN;
+step at1: ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID;
+step sc1: COMMIT;
+step s2: BEGIN;
+step at2: ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk;
+step sc2: COMMIT;

diff --git a/src/test/isolation/specs/alter-table-1.spec b/src/test/isolation/specs/alter-table-1.spec
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..7a7fe55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/isolation/specs/alter-table-1.spec
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+# ALTER TABLE - Add and Validate constraint with concurrent writes
+#
+# VALIDATE allows a minimum of ShareUpdateExclusiveLock
+# so we mix reads with it to see what works or waits
+
+setup
+{
+ CREATE TABLE a (i int PRIMARY KEY);
+ CREATE TABLE b (a_id int);
+ INSERT INTO a VALUES (0), (1), (2), (3);
+ INSERT INTO b SELECT generate_series(1,1000) % 4;
+}
+
+teardown
+{
+ DROP TABLE a, b;
+}
+
+session "s1"
+step "s1"  { BEGIN; }
+step "at1" { ALTER TABLE b ADD CONSTRAINT bfk FOREIGN KEY (a_id) REFERENCES a (i) NOT VALID; }
+step "sc1" { COMMIT; }
+step "s2"  { BEGIN; }
+step "at2" { ALTER TABLE b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bfk; }
+step "sc2" { COMMIT; }
+
+session "s2"
+setup      { BEGIN; }
+step "rx1" { SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 1 LIMIT 1; }
+step "wx"  { INSERT INTO b VALUES (0); }
+step "rx1" { SELECT * FROM b WHERE a_id = 3 LIMIT 3; }
+step "c2"  { COMMIT; }