Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) for PostgreSQL
- Last updated: Sat Jan 29 23:15:42 EST 2005
+ Last updated: Sat Jan 29 23:20:03 EST 2005
4.16) Why does my large-object operations get "invalid large obj
descriptor"?
4.17) How do I create a column that will default to the current time?
- 4.18) Why are my subqueries using IN so slow?
- 4.19) How do I perform an outer join?
- 4.20) How do I perform queries using multiple databases?
- 4.21) How do I return multiple rows or columns from a function?
- 4.22) Why can't I reliably create/drop temporary tables in PL/PgSQL
+ 4.18) How do I perform an outer join?
+ 4.19) How do I perform queries using multiple databases?
+ 4.20) How do I return multiple rows or columns from a function?
+ 4.21) Why can't I reliably create/drop temporary tables in PL/PgSQL
functions?
- 4.23) What encryption options are available?
+ 4.22) What encryption options are available?
Extending PostgreSQL
Use CURRENT_TIMESTAMP:
CREATE TABLE test (x int, modtime timestamp DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP );
- 4.18) Why are my subqueries using IN so slow?
-
- In versions prior to 7.4, subqueries were joined to outer queries by
- sequentially scanning the result of the subquery for each row of the
- outer query. If the subquery returns only a few rows and the outer
- query returns many rows, IN is fastest. To speed up other queries,
- replace IN with EXISTS:
- SELECT *
- FROM tab
- WHERE col IN (SELECT subcol FROM subtab);
-
- to:
- SELECT *
- FROM tab
- WHERE EXISTS (SELECT subcol FROM subtab WHERE subcol = col);
-
- For this to be fast, subcol should be an indexed column.
-
- In version 7.4 and later, IN actually uses the same sophisticated join
- techniques as normal queries, and is prefered to using EXISTS.
-
- 4.19) How do I perform an outer join?
+ 4.18) How do I perform an outer join?
PostgreSQL supports outer joins using the SQL standard syntax. Here
are two examples:
WHERE tab1.col1 NOT IN (SELECT tab2.col1 FROM tab2)
ORDER BY col1
- 4.20) How do I perform queries using multiple databases?
+ 4.19) How do I perform queries using multiple databases?
There is no way to query a database other than the current one.
Because PostgreSQL loads database-specific system catalogs, it is
course, a client can make simultaneous connections to different
databases and merge the results on the client side.
- 4.21) How do I return multiple rows or columns from a function?
+ 4.20) How do I return multiple rows or columns from a function?
In 7.3, you can easily return multiple rows or columns from a
function, http://techdocs.postgresql.org/guides/SetReturningFunctions.
- 4.22) Why can't I reliably create/drop temporary tables in PL/PgSQL
+ 4.21) Why can't I reliably create/drop temporary tables in PL/PgSQL
functions?
PL/PgSQL caches function contents, and an unfortunate side effect is
table access in PL/PgSQL. This will cause the query to be reparsed
every time.
- 4.23) What encryption options are available?
+ 4.22) What encryption options are available?
* contrib/pgcrypto contains many encryption functions for use in SQL
queries.