&declare;
&delete;
&dropFunction;
+&explain;
+&fetch;
+&grant;
+&insert;
&listen;
&load;
&lock;
--- /dev/null
+
+
+
+EXPLAIN
+
+SQL - Language Statements
+
+
+
+EXPLAIN
+
+
+Shows statement execution details.
+
+
+
+
+1998-09-01
+
+
+EXPLAIN [ VERBOSE ] query
+
+
+
+
+1998-09-01
+
+
</div>
<div class="diff add">+Inputs</div>
<div class="diff add">+
+
+
+
+
+VERBOSE
+
+
+Flag to show detailed query plan.
+
+
+
+query
+
+
+Any query.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+1998-04-15
+
+
</div>
<div class="diff add">+Outputs</div>
<div class="diff add">+
+
+
+
+
+NOTICE: QUERY PLAN:
+
+
+Explicit query plan from the
Postgres backend.
+
+
+
+EXPLAIN
+
+
+Flag sent after query plan is shown.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+1998-04-15
+
+
</div>
<div class="diff add">+Description</div>
<div class="diff add">+
+ This command outputs details about the supplied query.
+ The default output is the computed query cost.
+ VERBOSE displays the full query plan and cost.
+
+
+
+1998-04-15
+
+
</div>
<div class="diff add">+Notes</div>
<div class="diff add">+
+
+
+
+
+
</div>
<div class="diff add">+Usage</div>
<div class="diff add">+
+To show a query plan for a simple query:
+
+postgres=> explain select * from foo;
+NOTICE: QUERY PLAN:
+
+Seq Scan on foo (cost=0.00 size=0 width=4)
+
+EXPLAIN
+
+
+
+
+
+
</div>
<div class="diff add">+Compatibility</div>
<div class="diff add">+
+
+
+
+
+1998-09-01
+
+
</div>
<div class="diff add">+SQL92</div>
<div class="diff add">+
+ There is no EXPLAIN statement defined in SQL92.
+
+
+
--- /dev/null
+
+
+
+FETCH
+
+SQL - Language Statements
+
+
+
+FETCH
+
+
+Gets rows using a cursor
+
+
+
+1998-09-01
+
+
+FETCH [ selector ] { [ # | ALL ] } { IN | FROM } cursor
+
+
+
+
+1998-09-01
+
+
</div>
<div class="diff add">+Inputs</div>
<div class="diff add">+
+
+
+
+
+selector
+
+
+Selector define fetch direction and it can be one
+ the following:
+
+
+
+
+FORWARD
+
+
+fetch next row(s), it is assumed by default
+ if selector is omitted.
+
+
+
+BACKWARD
+
+
+fetch previous row(s).
+
+
+
+
+
+#
+
+
+An unsigned integer that specify how many rows to fetch.
+
+
+
+ALL
+
+
+Retrieve all remaining rows.
+
+
+
+cursor
+
+
+An open cursor's name.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+1998-04-15
+
+
</div>
<div class="diff add">+Outputs</div>
<div class="diff add">+
+FETCH returns the results of the query defined by the specified cursor.
+The following messages will be returned if the query fails:
+
+
+
+
+NOTICE: PerformPortalFetch: portal "cursor" not found
+
+
+If cursor is not previously declared.
+The cursor must be declared within a transaction block.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+1998-04-15
+
+
</div>
<div class="diff add">+Description</div>
<div class="diff add">+
+ FETCH allows a user to retrieve rows using a cursor.
+ The number of rows retrieved is specified by #.
+ If the number of rows remaining in the cursor is less
+ than #, then only those available are fetched.
+ Substituting the keyword ALL in place of a number will
+ cause all remaining rows in the cursor to be retrieved.
+ Instances may be fetched in both forward and backward
+ directions. The default direction is forward.
+
+ Once all rows are fetched, every other fetch access returns
+ no rows.
+
+ Updating data in a cursor is not supported by
+ because mapping cursor updates back to base tables is
+not generally possible, similarly to VIEW updates. Consequently,
+ users must issue explicit replace commands to update data.
+
+ Cursors may only be used inside of transactions because
+ the data that they store spans multiple user queries.
+
+
+
+1998-04-15
+
+
</div>
<div class="diff add">+Notes</div>
<div class="diff add">+
+ Refer to MOVE statements to change cursor position.
+ Refer to DECLARE statements to declare a cursor.
+ Refer to BEGIN WORK, COMMIT WORK, ROLLBACK WORK statements
+ for further information about transactions.
+
+
+
+
+
</div>
<div class="diff add">+Usage</div>
<div class="diff add">+
+ --set up and use a cursor:
+ --
+ BEGIN WORK;
+ DECLARE liahona CURSOR
+ FOR SELECT * FROM films;
+
+ --Fetch first 5 rows in the cursor liahona:
+ --
+ FETCH FORWARD 5 IN liahona;
+
+ code |title |did| date_prod|kind |len
+ -----+-----------------------+---+----------+----------+------
+ BL101|The Third Man |101|1949-12-23|Drama | 01:44
+ BL102|The African Queen |101|1951-08-11|Romantic | 01:43
+ JL201|Une Femme est une Femme|102|1961-03-12|Romantic | 01:25
+ P_301|Vertigo |103|1958-11-14|Action | 02:08
+ P_302|Becket |103|1964-02-03|Drama | 02:28
+
+
+ --Fetch previous row:
+ --
+ FETCH BACKWARD 1 IN liahona;
+
+ code |title |did| date_prod|kind |len
+ -----+-----------------------+---+----------+----------+------
+ P_301|Vertigo |103|1958-11-14|Action | 02:08
+
+ -- close the cursor and commit work:
+ --
+ CLOSE liahona;
+ COMMIT WORK;
+
+
+
+
+
+
</div>
<div class="diff add">+Compatibility</div>
<div class="diff add">+
+
+
+
+
+1998-09-01
+
+
</div>
<div class="diff add">+SQL92</div>
<div class="diff add">+
+ SQL92 specifies some additional capabilities for FETCH statement.
+
+
+FETCH [ [ selector ] FROM ] cursor
+ INTO :variable [, ...]
+
+
+
+
+
+selector
+
+
+Defines the fetch direction with one of the following values:
+
+
+
+
+NEXT
+
+
+Fetch next row, it is assumed by default
+ if selector is omitted.
+ This is the only legal selector unless cursor is
+ declared with the SCROLL option.
+
+
+
+PRIOR
+
+
+Fetch previous row.
+
+
+
+FIRST
+
+
+Fetch first row.
+
+
+
+LAST
+
+
+Fetch last row.
+
+
+
+ABSOLUTE #
+
+
+Refers to the #th row
+ in the table associated with the cursor.
+
+
+
+RELATIVE #
+
+
+Refers to the #th row
+ relative to the cursor position.
+A negative number is equivalent to reversing the sense of the FORWARD and
+ BACKWARD keywords.
+
+
+
+
+
+cursor
+
+
+A cursor previously defined in the same transaction block using BEGIN and DECLARE.
+
+
+
+:variable
+
+
+Target host variable(s).
+
+
+
+
+
+
--- /dev/null
+
+
+
+GRANT
+
+SQL - Language Statements
+
+
+
+GRANT
+
+
+Grants access privilege to a user, a group or all users
+
+
+
+
+1998-04-15
+
+
+GRANT privilege [, ...]
+ ON object [, ...]
+ TO { PUBLIC | GROUP group | username }
+
+
+
+
+1998-09-01
+
+
</div>
<div class="diff add">+Inputs</div>
<div class="diff add">+
+
+
+
+
+privilege
+
+
+The possible privileges are:
+
+
+
+
+SELECT
+
+
+Access all of the columns of a specific
+ table/view.
+
+
+
+INSERT
+
+
+Insert data into all columns of a
+ specific table.
+
+
+
+UPDATE
+
+
+Update all columns of a specific
+ table.
+
+
+
+DELETE
+
+
+Delete rows from a specific table.
+
+
+
+RULE
+
+
+Define rules on the table/view
+ (See CREATE RULE statement).
+
+
+
+ALL
+
+
+Grant all privileges.
+
+
+
+
+
+object
+
+
+The name of an object to which to grant access.
+ The possible objects are:
+
+
+ table
+
+ view
+
+ sequence
+
+ index
+
+
+
+
+PUBLIC
+
+
+A short form representing all users.
+
+
+
+GROUP group
+
+
+A group to whom to grant privileges.
+In the current release, the group must be created explicitly as described below.
+
+
+
+username
+
+
+The name of a user to whom grant privileges. PUBLIC is a short form
+representing all users.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+1998-09-01
+
+
</div>
<div class="diff add">+Outputs</div>
<div class="diff add">+
+
+
+
+
+CHANGE
+
+
+Message returned if successful.
+
+
+
+ERROR: ChangeAcl: class "object"
+ not found
+
+
+Message returned if the specified object is not available or
+if it is impossible
+ to give privileges to the specified group or users.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+1998-09-01
+
+
</div>
<div class="diff add">+Description</div>
<div class="diff add">+
+ GRANT allows the creator of an object to give specific permissions to
+ all users (PUBLIC) or to a certain user or group.
+ Users other than the creator don't have any access permission
+ unless the creator GRANTs permissions, after the object
+ is created.
+
+ Once a user has a privilege on an object, he is enabled to exercise
+that privilege.
+There is no need to GRANT privileges to the creator of
+ an object, the creator automatically holds ALL privileges, and can
+ also drop the object.
+
+
+
+1998-09-01
+
+
</div>
<div class="diff add">+Notes</div>
<div class="diff add">+
+Use the psql \z command
+ for further information about permissions
+ on existing objects:
+ Database = lusitania
+ +------------------+---------------------------------------------+
+ | Relation | Grant/Revoke Permissions |
+ +------------------+---------------------------------------------+
+ | mytable | {"=rw","miriam=arwR","group todos=rw"} |
+ +------------------+---------------------------------------------+
+ Legend:
+ uname=arwR -- privileges granted to a user
+ group gname=arwR -- privileges granted to a GROUP
+ =arwR -- privileges granted to PUBLIC
+
+ r -- SELECT
+ w -- UPDATE/DELETE
+ a -- INSERT
+ R -- RULE
+ arwR -- ALL
+
+
+
+Currently, to create a GROUP you have to insert
+ data manually into table pg_group as:
+ INSERT INTO pg_group VALUES ('todos');
+ CREATE USER miriam IN GROUP todos;
+
+ Refer to REVOKE statements to revoke access privileges.
+
+
+
+
+
+
</div>
<div class="diff add">+Usage</div>
<div class="diff add">+
+ -- grant insert privilege to all users on table films:
+ --
+ GRANT INSERT ON films TO PUBLIC;
+
+
+ -- grant all privileges to user manuel on view kinds:
+ --
+ GRANT ALL ON kinds TO manuel;
+
+
+
+
+
+
</div>
<div class="diff add">+Compatibility</div>
<div class="diff add">+
+
+
+
+
+1998-09-01
+
+
</div>
<div class="diff add">+SQL92</div>
<div class="diff add">+
+ The SQL92 syntax for GRANT allows setting privileges
+for individual columns
+within a table, and allows setting a privilege to grant
+the same privileges to others.
+
+
+GRANT privilege [, ...]
+ ON object [ ( column [, ...] ) ] [, ...]
+ TO { PUBLIC | username [, ...] }
+ [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
+
+
+Fields are compatible with the those in the
Postgres+implementation, with the following additions:
+
+
+
+
+privilege
+SELECT
+
+
+
SQL92 permits additional privileges to be specified:
+
+
+
+
+REFERENCES
+
+
+Allowed to reference some or all of the columns of a specific
+table/view in integrity constraints.
+
+
+
+USAGE
+
+
+Allowed to use a domain, character set, collation
+ or translation.
+ If an object specifies anything other than a table/view,
+privilege
+must specify only USAGE.
+
+
+
+
+Currently, to grant privileges in
Postgres+to only few columns, you must
+ create a view having desired columns and then grant privileges
+ to that view.
+
+
+
+
+object
+
+
+
+
+
+
+object
+
+
+
SQL92 allows an additional non-functional keyword:
+
+
+
+[ TABLE ] table
+
+
+
+
+CHARACTER SET
+
+
+Allowed to use the specified character set.
+
+
+
+COLLATION
+
+
+Allowed to use the specified collation sequence.
+
+
+
+TRANSLATION
+
+
+Allowed to use the specified character set translation.
+
+
+
+DOMAIN
+
+
+Allowed to use the specified domain.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+WITH GRANT OPTION
+
+
+Allowed to grant the same privilege to others.
+
+
+
+
+
--- /dev/null
+
+
+
+INSERT
+
+SQL - Language Statements
+
+
+
+INSERT
+
+
+Inserts new rows into a table
+
+
+
+1998-09-02
+
+
+INSERT INTO table [ ( column [, ...] ) ]
+ { VALUES ( expression [, ...] ) | SELECT query }
+
+
+
+
+1998-04-15
+
+
</div>
<div class="diff add">+Inputs</div>
<div class="diff add">+
+
+
+
+
+table
+
+
+The name of an existing table.
+
+
+
+column
+
+
+The name of a column in table.
+
+
+
+expression
+
+
+A valid expression or value to assign to column.
+
+
+
+query
+
+
+A valid query. Refer to the SELECT statement for a further description
+ of valid arguments.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+1998-04-15
+
+
</div>
<div class="diff add">+Outputs</div>
<div class="diff add">+
+
+
+
+
+INSERT oid 1
+
+
+Message returned if only one row was inserted.
+oid is the row identifier.
+
+
+
+INSERT 0 #
+
+
+Message returned if more than one rows were inserted.
+# is the number of rows inserted.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+1998-09-02
+
+
</div>
<div class="diff add">+Description</div>
<div class="diff add">+
+ INSERT allows one to insert new rows into a table. One can insert
+ a single row at time or several rows as a result of a query.
+ The columns in the target list may be listed in any order.
+ In every column not present in the target list will be inserted
+ the default value, if column has not a declared default value
+ it will be assumed as NULL. If the expression for each column
+ is not of the correct data type, automatic type coercion will be
+ attempted.
+
+ You must have insert privilege to a table in order to append
+ to it, as well as select privilege on any table specified
+ in a WHERE clause.
+
+
+
</div>
<div class="diff add">+Usage</div>
<div class="diff add">+
+ --Insert a single row into table films;
+ --(in the second example the column date_prod is omitted
+ --therefore will be stored in it a default value of NULL):
+ --
+ INSERT INTO films VALUES
+ ('UA502','Bananas',105,'1971-07-13','Comedy',INTERVAL '82 minute');
+
+ INSERT INTO films (code, title, did, date_prod, kind)
+ VALUES ('T_601', 'Yojimbo', 106, DATE '1961-06-16', 'Drama');
+
+
+ --Insert a single row into table distributors, note that
+ --only column "name" is specified, to the non specified
+ --column "did" will be assigned its default value:
+ --
+ INSERT INTO distributors (name) VALUES ('British Lion');
+
+
+ --Insert several rows into table films from table tmp:
+ --
+ INSERT INTO films
+ SELECT * FROM tmp;
+
+
+ --Insert into arrays:
+ --Create an empty 3x3 gameboard for noughts-and-crosses
+ --(all of these queries create the same board attribute)
+ --(Refer to PostgreSQL User's Guide chapter 7 for further
+ --information about arrays).
+
+ INSERT INTO tictactoe (game, board[1:3][1:3])
+ VALUES (1,'{{"","",""},{},{"",""}}');
+ INSERT INTO tictactoe (game, board[3][3])
+ VALUES (2,'{}');
+ INSERT INTO tictactoe (game, board)
+ VALUES (3,'{{,,},{,,},{,,}}');
+
+
+
+
+
+
</div>
<div class="diff add">+Compatibility</div>
<div class="diff add">+
+
+
+
+
+1998-04-15
+
+
</div>
<div class="diff add">+SQL92</div>
<div class="diff add">+
+The INSERT statement is fully compatible with
SQL92.
+Possible limitations in features of the
+query
+clause are documented for the SELECT statement.
+
+
+
+
projects / postgresql.git / commitdiff