PostgreSQL type extensions for IP and MAC addresses
by Tom Ivar Helbekkmo
+isbn_issn -
+ PostgreSQL type extensions for ISBN (books) and ISSN (serials)
+ by Garrett A. Wollman
+
linux -
Start postgres back end system
by Thomas Lockhart
User locks
by Massimo Dal Zotto
+
+
--- /dev/null
+#
+# PostgreSQL types for ISBN and ISSN identifiers.
+#
+# $Id: Makefile,v 1.1 1998/08/17 03:35:04 scrappy Exp $
+
+all: isbn.so issn.so
+
+isbn.so: isbn.o
+ ld -Bshareable -o isbn.so isbn.o
+
+isbn.o: isbn.c
+ cc -g -O -fPIC -I/usr/local/pgsql/include -c isbn.c
+
+issn.so: issn.o
+ ld -Bshareable -o issn.so issn.o
+
+issn.o: issn.c
+ cc -g -O -fPIC -I/usr/local/pgsql/include -c issn.c
+
+install: isbn.so issn.so
+ install -c isbn.so issn.so /usr/local/pgsql/modules
+
+#
+# eof
+#
--- /dev/null
+This directory contains definitions for a couple of PostgreSQL
+external types, for a couple of international-standard namespaces:
+ISBN (books) and ISSN (serials). Rather than just using a char()
+member of the appropriate length, I wanted my database to include
+the validity-checking that both these numbering systems were designed
+to encompass. A little bit of research revealed the formulae
+for computing the check digits, and I also included some validity
+constraints on the number of hyphens.
+
+The internal representation of these types is intended to be
+compatible with `char16', in the (perhaps vain) hope that
+this will make it possible to create indices of these types
+using char16_ops.
+
+These are based on Tom Ivar Helbekkmo's IP address type definition,
+from which I have copied the entire form of the implementation.
+
+Garrett A. Wollman, August 1998
--- /dev/null
+/*
+ * PostgreSQL type definitions for ISBNs.
+ *
+ * $Id: isbn.c,v 1.1 1998/08/17 03:35:04 scrappy Exp $
+ */
+
+#include
+
+#include
+
+/*
+ * This is the internal storage format for ISBNs.
+ * NB: This is an intentional type pun with builtin type `char16'.
+ */
+
+typedef struct isbn
+{
+ char num[13];
+ char pad[3];
+} isbn;
+
+/*
+ * Various forward declarations:
+ */
+
+isbn *isbn_in(char *str);
+char *isbn_out(isbn * addr);
+
+bool isbn_lt(isbn * a1, isbn * a2);
+bool isbn_le(isbn * a1, isbn * a2);
+bool isbn_eq(isbn * a1, isbn * a2);
+bool isbn_ge(isbn * a1, isbn * a2);
+bool isbn_gt(isbn * a1, isbn * a2);
+
+bool isbn_ne(isbn * a1, isbn * a2);
+
+int4 isbn_cmp(isbn * a1, isbn * a2);
+
+int4 isbn_sum(char *str);
+
+/*
+ * ISBN reader.
+ */
+
+isbn *
+isbn_in(char *str)
+{
+ isbn *result;
+ char *cp;
+ int count;
+
+ if (strlen(str) != 13) {
+ elog(ERROR, "isbn_in: invalid ISBN \"%s\"", str);
+ return (NULL);
+ }
+ if (isbn_sum(str) != 0) {
+ elog(ERROR, "isbn_in: purported ISBN \"%s\" failed checksum",
+ str);
+ return (NULL);
+ }
+
+ result = (isbn *) palloc(sizeof(isbn));
+
+ strncpy(result->num, str, 13);
+ memset(result->pad, ' ', 3);
+ return (result);
+}
+
+/*
+ * The ISBN checksum is defined as follows:
+ *
+ * Number the digits from 1 to 9 (call this N).
+ * Compute the sum, S, of N * D_N.
+ * The check digit, C, is the value which satisfies the equation
+ * S + 10*C === 0 (mod 11)
+ * The value 10 for C is written as `X'.
+ *
+ * For our purposes, we want the complete sum including the check
+ * digit; if this is zero, then the checksum passed. We also check
+ * the syntactic validity if the provided string, and return 12
+ * if any errors are found.
+ */
+int4
+isbn_sum(char *str)
+{
+ int4 sum = 0, dashes = 0, val;
+ int i;
+
+ for (i = 0; str[i] && i < 13; i++) {
+ switch(str[i]) {
+ case '-':
+ if (++dashes > 3)
+ return 12;
+ continue;
+
+ case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3':
+ case '4': case '5': case '6': case '7':
+ case '8': case '9':
+ val = str[i] - '0';
+ break;
+
+ case 'X': case 'x':
+ val = 10;
+ break;
+
+ default:
+ return 12;
+ }
+
+ sum += val * (i + 1 - dashes);
+ }
+ return (sum % 11);
+}
+
+/*
+ * ISBN output function.
+ */
+
+char *
+isbn_out(isbn * num)
+{
+ char *result;
+
+ if (num == NULL)
+ return (NULL);
+
+ result = (char *) palloc(14);
+
+ result[0] = '\0';
+ strncat(result, num->num, 13);
+ return (result);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Boolean tests for magnitude.
+ */
+
+bool
+isbn_lt(isbn * a1, isbn * a2)
+{
+ return (strncmp(a1->num, a2->num, 13) < 0);
+};
+
+bool
+isbn_le(isbn * a1, isbn * a2)
+{
+ return (strncmp(a1->num, a2->num, 13) <= 0);
+};
+
+bool
+isbn_eq(isbn * a1, isbn * a2)
+{
+ return (strncmp(a1->num, a2->num, 13) == 0);
+};
+
+bool
+isbn_ge(isbn * a1, isbn * a2)
+{
+ return (strncmp(a1->num, a2->num, 13) >= 0);
+};
+
+bool
+isbn_gt(isbn * a1, isbn * a2)
+{
+ return (strncmp(a1->num, a2->num, 13) > 0);
+};
+
+bool
+isbn_ne(isbn * a1, isbn * a2)
+{
+ return (strncmp(a1->num, a2->num, 13) != 0);
+};
+
+/*
+ * Comparison function for sorting:
+ */
+
+int4
+isbn_cmp(isbn * a1, isbn * a2)
+{
+ return (strncmp(a1->num, a2->num, 13));
+}
+
+/*
+ * eof
+ */
--- /dev/null
+--
+-- PostgreSQL code for ISBNs.
+--
+-- $Id: isbn.sql,v 1.1 1998/08/17 03:35:05 scrappy Exp $
+--
+
+load '/usr/local/pgsql/modules/isbn.so';
+
+--
+-- Input and output functions and the type itself:
+--
+
+create function isbn_in(opaque)
+ returns opaque
+ as '/usr/local/pgsql/modules/isbn.so'
+ language 'c';
+
+create function isbn_out(opaque)
+ returns opaque
+ as '/usr/local/pgsql/modules/isbn.so'
+ language 'c';
+
+create type isbn (
+ internallength = 16,
+ externallength = 13,
+ input = isbn_in,
+ output = isbn_out
+);
+
+--
+-- The various boolean tests:
+--
+
+create function isbn_lt(isbn, isbn)
+ returns bool
+ as '/usr/local/pgsql/modules/isbn.so'
+ language 'c';
+
+create function isbn_le(isbn, isbn)
+ returns bool
+ as '/usr/local/pgsql/modules/isbn.so'
+ language 'c';
+
+create function isbn_eq(isbn, isbn)
+ returns bool
+ as '/usr/local/pgsql/modules/isbn.so'
+ language 'c';
+
+create function isbn_ge(isbn, isbn)
+ returns bool
+ as '/usr/local/pgsql/modules/isbn.so'
+ language 'c';
+
+create function isbn_gt(isbn, isbn)
+ returns bool
+ as '/usr/local/pgsql/modules/isbn.so'
+ language 'c';
+
+create function isbn_ne(isbn, isbn)
+ returns bool
+ as '/usr/local/pgsql/modules/isbn.so'
+ language 'c';
+
+--
+-- Now the operators. Note how some of the parameters to some
+-- of the 'create operator' commands are commented out. This
+-- is because they reference as yet undefined operators, and
+-- will be implicitly defined when those are, further down.
+--
+
+create operator < (
+ leftarg = isbn,
+ rightarg = isbn,
+-- negator = >=,
+ procedure = isbn_lt
+);
+
+create operator <= (
+ leftarg = isbn,
+ rightarg = isbn,
+-- negator = >,
+ procedure = isbn_le
+);
+
+create operator = (
+ leftarg = isbn,
+ rightarg = isbn,
+ commutator = =,
+-- negator = <>,
+ procedure = isbn_eq
+);
+
+create operator >= (
+ leftarg = isbn,
+ rightarg = isbn,
+ negator = <,
+ procedure = isbn_ge
+);
+
+create operator > (
+ leftarg = isbn,
+ rightarg = isbn,
+ negator = <=,
+ procedure = isbn_gt
+);
+
+create operator <> (
+ leftarg = isbn,
+ rightarg = isbn,
+ negator = =,
+ procedure = isbn_ne
+);
+
+--
+-- eof
+--
--- /dev/null
+/*
+ * PostgreSQL type definitions for ISSNs.
+ *
+ * $Id: issn.c,v 1.1 1998/08/17 03:35:05 scrappy Exp $
+ */
+
+#include
+
+#include
+
+/*
+ * This is the internal storage format for ISSNs.
+ * NB: This is an intentional type pun with builtin type `char16'.
+ */
+
+typedef struct issn
+{
+ char num[9];
+ char pad[7];
+} issn;
+
+/*
+ * Various forward declarations:
+ */
+
+issn *issn_in(char *str);
+char *issn_out(issn * addr);
+
+bool issn_lt(issn * a1, issn * a2);
+bool issn_le(issn * a1, issn * a2);
+bool issn_eq(issn * a1, issn * a2);
+bool issn_ge(issn * a1, issn * a2);
+bool issn_gt(issn * a1, issn * a2);
+
+bool issn_ne(issn * a1, issn * a2);
+
+int4 issn_cmp(issn * a1, issn * a2);
+
+int4 issn_sum(char *str);
+
+/*
+ * ISSN reader.
+ */
+
+issn *
+issn_in(char *str)
+{
+ issn *result;
+ char *cp;
+ int count;
+
+ if (strlen(str) != 9) {
+ elog(ERROR, "issn_in: invalid ISSN \"%s\"", str);
+ return (NULL);
+ }
+ if (issn_sum(str) != 0) {
+ elog(ERROR, "issn_in: purported ISSN \"%s\" failed checksum",
+ str);
+ return (NULL);
+ }
+
+ result = (issn *) palloc(sizeof(issn));
+
+ strncpy(result->num, str, 9);
+ memset(result->pad, ' ', 7);
+ return (result);
+}
+
+/*
+ * The ISSN checksum works just like the ISBN sum, only different
+ * (of course!).
+ * Here, the weights start at 8 and decrease.
+ */
+int4
+issn_sum(char *str)
+{
+ int4 sum = 0, dashes = 0, val;
+ int i;
+
+ for (i = 0; str[i] && i < 9; i++) {
+ switch(str[i]) {
+ case '-':
+ if (++dashes > 1)
+ return 12;
+ continue;
+
+ case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3':
+ case '4': case '5': case '6': case '7':
+ case '8': case '9':
+ val = str[i] - '0';
+ break;
+
+ case 'X': case 'x':
+ val = 10;
+ break;
+
+ default:
+ return 12;
+ }
+
+ sum += val * (8 - (i - dashes));
+ }
+ return (sum % 11);
+}
+
+/*
+ * ISSN output function.
+ */
+
+char *
+issn_out(issn * num)
+{
+ char *result;
+
+ if (num == NULL)
+ return (NULL);
+
+ result = (char *) palloc(14);
+
+ result[0] = '\0';
+ strncat(result, num->num, 9);
+ return (result);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Boolean tests for magnitude.
+ */
+
+bool
+issn_lt(issn * a1, issn * a2)
+{
+ return (strncmp(a1->num, a2->num, 9) < 0);
+};
+
+bool
+issn_le(issn * a1, issn * a2)
+{
+ return (strncmp(a1->num, a2->num, 9) <= 0);
+};
+
+bool
+issn_eq(issn * a1, issn * a2)
+{
+ return (strncmp(a1->num, a2->num, 9) == 0);
+};
+
+bool
+issn_ge(issn * a1, issn * a2)
+{
+ return (strncmp(a1->num, a2->num, 9) >= 0);
+};
+
+bool
+issn_gt(issn * a1, issn * a2)
+{
+ return (strncmp(a1->num, a2->num, 9) > 0);
+};
+
+bool
+issn_ne(issn * a1, issn * a2)
+{
+ return (strncmp(a1->num, a2->num, 9) != 0);
+};
+
+/*
+ * Comparison function for sorting:
+ */
+
+int4
+issn_cmp(issn * a1, issn * a2)
+{
+ return (strncmp(a1->num, a2->num, 9));
+}
+
+/*
+ * eof
+ */
--- /dev/null
+--
+-- PostgreSQL code for ISSNs.
+--
+-- $Id: issn.sql,v 1.1 1998/08/17 03:35:05 scrappy Exp $
+--
+
+load '/usr/local/pgsql/modules/issn.so';
+
+--
+-- Input and output functions and the type itself:
+--
+
+create function issn_in(opaque)
+ returns opaque
+ as '/usr/local/pgsql/modules/issn.so'
+ language 'c';
+
+create function issn_out(opaque)
+ returns opaque
+ as '/usr/local/pgsql/modules/issn.so'
+ language 'c';
+
+create type issn (
+ internallength = 16,
+ externallength = 9,
+ input = issn_in,
+ output = issn_out
+);
+
+--
+-- The various boolean tests:
+--
+
+create function issn_lt(issn, issn)
+ returns bool
+ as '/usr/local/pgsql/modules/issn.so'
+ language 'c';
+
+create function issn_le(issn, issn)
+ returns bool
+ as '/usr/local/pgsql/modules/issn.so'
+ language 'c';
+
+create function issn_eq(issn, issn)
+ returns bool
+ as '/usr/local/pgsql/modules/issn.so'
+ language 'c';
+
+create function issn_ge(issn, issn)
+ returns bool
+ as '/usr/local/pgsql/modules/issn.so'
+ language 'c';
+
+create function issn_gt(issn, issn)
+ returns bool
+ as '/usr/local/pgsql/modules/issn.so'
+ language 'c';
+
+create function issn_ne(issn, issn)
+ returns bool
+ as '/usr/local/pgsql/modules/issn.so'
+ language 'c';
+
+--
+-- Now the operators. Note how some of the parameters to some
+-- of the 'create operator' commands are commented out. This
+-- is because they reference as yet undefined operators, and
+-- will be implicitly defined when those are, further down.
+--
+
+create operator < (
+ leftarg = issn,
+ rightarg = issn,
+-- negator = >=,
+ procedure = issn_lt
+);
+
+create operator <= (
+ leftarg = issn,
+ rightarg = issn,
+-- negator = >,
+ procedure = issn_le
+);
+
+create operator = (
+ leftarg = issn,
+ rightarg = issn,
+ commutator = =,
+-- negator = <>,
+ procedure = issn_eq
+);
+
+create operator >= (
+ leftarg = issn,
+ rightarg = issn,
+ negator = <,
+ procedure = issn_ge
+);
+
+create operator > (
+ leftarg = issn,
+ rightarg = issn,
+ negator = <=,
+ procedure = issn_gt
+);
+
+create operator <> (
+ leftarg = issn,
+ rightarg = issn,
+ negator = =,
+ procedure = issn_ne
+);
+
+--
+-- eof
+--
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