Adjust max_slot_wal_keep_size behavior per review

Adjust max_slot_wal_keep_size behavior per review

In pg_replication_slot, change output from normal/reserved/lost to
reserved/extended/unreserved/ lost, which better expresses the possible
states particularly near the time where segments are no longer safe but
checkpoint has not run yet.

Under the new definition, reserved means the slot is consuming WAL
that's still under the normal WAL size constraints; extended means it's
consuming WAL that's being protected by wal_keep_segments or the slot
itself, whose size is below max_slot_wal_keep_size; unreserved means the
WAL is no longer safe, but checkpoint has not yet removed those files.
Such as slot is in imminent danger, but can still continue for a little
while and may catch up to the reserved WAL space.

Also, there were some bugs in the calculations used to report the
status; fixed those.

Backpatch to 13.

Reported-by: Fujii Masao 
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi 
Reviewed-by: Fujii Masao 
Reviewed-by: Álvaro Herrera 
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20200616.120236.1809496990963386593[email protected]